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ETECEnterotoxigenicStrainsPathogenic Escherichia coliO157:H7DiarrheaInfectionsPathogensSalmonellaAntigensVirulence factorsEfficacyInfectionInducesDiarrheagenicAntigenStrainFecal matterSerotypesPertussis VaccineMeasles vaccineUTIsCampylobacterNeonatalRecombinantBacteriaCausative agentCholera vaccinesUropathogenicMucosalIsolatesWarm-blooded organismsImmunizationInfectious diseasesDiseaseAntibodiesProteinCarcassesImmunotherapyInfluenzaParticlesDiarrhealBacteriumRotavirusPfizer
ETEC16
  • Most types do not cause illness, but 5 pathotypes are associated with diarrhea: enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC). (cdc.gov)
  • Rates of infection vary by region, and certain types of diarrheagenic E. coli infections, mainly ETEC, are associated with travel to low- and middle-income countries. (cdc.gov)
  • The incidence of travel-associated diarrhea caused by E. coli is likely underestimated because many travelers do not seek medical care or have stool testing performed, particularly if diarrhea is non-bloody, as commonly occurs with ETEC infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) were administered orally to volunteers, and the mucosal immune response was assessed by measuring secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva and intestinal secretions and by challenge with virulent enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). (nih.gov)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. (cabi.org)
  • Diarrheal disease and long-term sequelae caused by infections with the bacterial pathogens Shigella and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pose a significant public health burden in low-income communities. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The 2016 VASE Conference aimed to accelerate communication and progress among those working in the enteric vaccine field to make Shigella and ETEC vaccines a reality as quickly as possible. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • and the rationale for and status of combined Shigella-ETEC vaccine candidates. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Planning for the 2018 VASE Conference is underway and will likely provide an important platform for sharing the latest updates on Shigella and ETEC vaccine research efforts and maintaining the momentum for accelerating this work. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • It is also expected that the VASE Conference will continue to provide a unique opportunity for those in the enteric vaccine field to share ideas, make connections, and create workable plans to make Shigella and ETEC vaccines a reality. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes such as EPEC, and ETEC are pathogenic and can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts, and are occasionally responsible for food contamination incidents that prompt product recalls. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are typically the most common except in Southeast Asia , where Campylobacter is more prominent. (wikipedia.org)
  • The estimated effect of cholera, shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and rotavirus vaccines was determined by applying the standard Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) rules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But there is no substantial evidence of efficacy for ETEC and shigella vaccines, although several promising vaccine concepts are moving from the development and testing pipeline towards efficacy and Phase 3 trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was thought to account for an estimated 200 million diarrhea episodes and 380,000 deaths annually [ 4 ], while a recent estimate suggests a lower figure of 170,000 deaths every year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of both acute infant diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea in Nepal. (biomedcentral.com)
Enterotoxigenic4
Strains9
  • STEC also are called verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), and the term enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) commonly is used to specify STEC strains capable of causing human illness, especially bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (cdc.gov)
  • For example, some strains of E. coli benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2 or by preventing the colonization of the intestine by pathogenic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • E. coli and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.1% of gut microbiota, and fecal-oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • To improve vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza viruses, the strains used in the influenza vaccine need to be updated regularly based on the surveillance findings. (health.mil)
  • Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a potentially devastating consequence of enteric infection with specific E coli strains. (medscape.com)
  • Collectively these four organisms account for a great number of cases of diarrhea across the world and vaccines targeting the most common strains of all these pathogens are currently being developed, improved and undergoing trials across the globe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Poultry as a reservoir of zoonotic strains of Escherichia coli]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recombinant Ag85B was expressed from two Escherichia coli strains and encapsulated by spray-drying in PLGA microspheres with/without adjuvants. (rti.org)
  • In a push to develop a universal influenza vaccine, Bill Gates announced that his charity-the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—is offering $12 million, reported STAT . A universal vaccine for the flu, which would provide long-lasting protection against a wide array of flu strains, continues to be an ongoing challenge facing influenza researchers. (ajmc.com)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli1
  • Third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance and its association with Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). (bvsalud.org)
O157:H79
  • E coli O157:H7 is the most virulent of the EHEC. (medscape.com)
  • and that certain natural compounds kill foodborne pathogens like Salmonella or Escherichia coli O157:H7. (usda.gov)
  • Use of a Siderophore Receptor and Porin Proteins-Based Vaccine to Control the Burden of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • Although E. coli O157:H7 doesn't make cattle sick, exposure to the bacteria shed from cattle can make humans very sick. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • While there has been a lot of controversy about grain vs. grass/hay feeding methods to curb E. coli O157:H7 shedding (see below references), a vaccine might be a better preventive measure-at least with more predictable results. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • In this study, the molecular basis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagella binding to epithelial cell cultures was investigated. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Motor mutants of E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium caused reduced haemolysis compared to wild-type, indicating that membrane disruption was in part due to flagella rotation. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Flagella from E. coli O157 (H7), EPEC O127 (H6) and S. Typhimurium (P1 and P2 flagella) were shown to bind to purified intracellular components of the actin cytoskeleton and directly increase in vitro actin polymerization rates. (ed.ac.uk)
  • We propose that flagella interactions with host cell membranes and cytoskeletal components may help prime intimate attachment and invasion for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, respectively. (ed.ac.uk)
Diarrhea5
Infections7
  • Diarrheagenic E. coli infections, other than STEC, have incubation periods ranging from 8 hours to 3 days. (cdc.gov)
  • E coli is also a commonly identified cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) , as well as neonatal sepsis and meningitis. (medscape.com)
  • Systemic infections caused by E coli are frequently seen in neonates either by means of vertical or horizontal transmission. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, S fimbriae have been associated with many of the E coli of patients with CNS infections. (medscape.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: A sublingual nanofiber vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections. (duke.edu)
  • Douglas Young, M.D., of Northern California Research says a vaccine could prevent major complications from urinary tract infections. (newsreview.com)
  • The vaccine is not necessarily to prevent the day-to-day urinary tract infections that we see in the clinic," Dr. Young says. (newsreview.com)
Pathogens3
  • Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are currently no licensed vaccines against these pathogens, and the global health community has recently prioritized their development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Other research breakthroughs include creating new, effective antimicrobials and vaccines to fight such pathogens as Salmonella and Campylobacter to lower their incidence in chickens and turkeys and help keep consumers healthy. (usda.gov)
Salmonella1
  • Expression of a pilin subunit BfpA of the bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in an aroA live salmonella vaccine strain. (fiocruz.br)
Antigens6
  • Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • E. coli serotypes are determined by surface antigens (O and H), and specific serotypes tend to cluster within specific pathotypes. (cdc.gov)
  • These results, although preliminary, are encouraging and demonstrate that it may be possible to develop an effective oral vaccine based on soluble nonreplicating antigens such as purified CFAs. (nih.gov)
  • They have already engineered potatoes to produce antigens from Escherichia coli, a common cause of diarrhoea in developing countries, and the Norwalk virus, which is often the culprit in the developed world. (newscientist.com)
  • The development of an effective vaccine against the merozoite has proved exceptionally challenging, hindered by substantial levels of polymorphism in the most widely studied candidate antigens 4 and redundant erythrocyte invasion pathways 5 . (nature.com)
  • Contains two major Rotavirus serotypes, four major E. coli pilus antigens (K88, K99, F41 and 987P) and C. perfringens type C toxoid. (merck-animal-health-usa.com)
Virulence factors1
Efficacy4
  • Kirby also said the department will ensure that every individual with reservations about getting a vaccine gets proper counseling on its safety and efficacy as well as how not getting the vaccine could affect teammates, readiness and the mission. (health.mil)
  • Older generation injectable cholera vaccines have been abandoned since the 1970s owing to their limited efficacy and local side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When asked whether grass/hay feeding prior to harvest can decrease the degree of E. coli shedding as some studies have suggested, Morgan points out that getting definitive information on the efficacy of grass feeding is difficult for two reasons: First, the number of cattle tested in these grain vs. grass studies was limited to a few dozen, which does not yield very conclusive scientific evidence. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • Next-generation vaccine strategies are now seeking to improve on the moderate levels of efficacy reported for the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine which targets the pre-erythrocytic stages of the parasite's lifecycle 1 . (nature.com)
Infection4
  • With the help of high-throughput transposon sequencing (TnSeq), the researchers searched for fitness contributors in the mutant K1 strain Escherichia coli in a mouse model of neonatal meningitis, focusing on possible vaccine candidate genes related to brain infection or systemic dissemination of the bacterial meningitis bug. (genomeweb.com)
  • Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that B. pertussis infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by B. pertussis . (frontiersin.org)
  • This vaccine is a live attenuated B. pertussis strain delivered nasally in order to mimic the natural route of infection. (frontiersin.org)
Induces2
  • The polymorphic nature of DBP induces strain-specific immune responses that pose unique challenges for vaccine development. (rcsb.org)
  • EHEC, also known as Shiga-toxin producing E coli (STEC), induces an attaching and effacing (AE) lesion in the large bowel. (medscape.com)
Diarrheagenic4
  • Diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes can be passed in the feces of humans and other animals. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases report estimated ≈111 million illnesses and ≈63,000 deaths caused by diarrheagenic E. coli globally each year. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, many clinical laboratories do not use methods that can detect diarrheagenic E. coli other than STEC in stool samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical manifestations of diarrheagenic E. coli vary by pathotype (see Table 5-02 ). (cdc.gov)
Antigen2
  • The characteristic serotype of this pathogenic E coli displays the K1 antigen, which is responsible for 40% of the cases of bacteremia and 80% of the cases of meningitis caused by E coli . (medscape.com)
  • To investigate the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles in respirable sizes as carriers for Antigen 85B (Ag85B), a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the ultimate goal of employing them in pulmonary delivery of tuberculosis vaccine. (rti.org)
Strain2
  • This strain of E. coli produces poisonous substances known as Shiga toxins, according to The New York Times . (ajmc.com)
  • Several reasons may account for this resurgence, including faster waning of immunity through acellular compared to whole-cell vaccines and potential strain adaptation to escape vaccine-induced immunity ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Fecal matter1
  • E. coli is expelled into the environment within fecal matter. (wikipedia.org)
Serotypes1
Pertussis Vaccine1
  • Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)
Measles vaccine1
  • Widespread use of measles vaccine has essentially eliminated SSPE from the United States (1). (cdc.gov)
UTIs6
  • Here, we report the use of a supramolecular vaccine to provide long-term protection against uropathogenic Escherichia coli , which cause 80% of uncomplicated UTIs. (duke.edu)
  • [3] However, more than 100 CFU of E. coli with typical acute urinary symptoms has a positive predictive value of about 90%, suggesting that a lower CFU threshold may be more appropriate in diagnosing simple and recurrent UTIs. (nih.gov)
  • Why some people get recurrent UTIs, the amazing ability of P. mirabilis to swarm, how E. coli in the GI tract is a source of UTIs and what are the prospects of a vaccine against UTIs. (asm.org)
  • Dr. Harry Mobley is a professor at the University of Michigan who studies UTIs caused by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis . (asm.org)
  • Mobley talks about the mystery of why some people get recurrent UTIs, the amazing ability of P. mirabilis to swarm, how E. coli in the GI tract is a source of UTIs, what are the prospects of a vaccine against UTIs, and how a trip to the CDC set him on his career path. (asm.org)
  • Preventing these E. Coli invasion can reduce hospitalizations for UTIs or sepsis. (newsreview.com)
Campylobacter1
  • In vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of Campylobacter jejuni in recombinant Escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Neonatal1
  • From there, they performed a series of follow-up analyses on one of these candidates - a surface polysaccharide known as poly-beta-(1,6)-N-acetyl glucosamine, or PNAG - demonstrating that the virulence factor may be vulnerable to vaccine targeting in E. coli K1 and in Group B Streptococcus that can also cause neonatal meningitis. (genomeweb.com)
Recombinant3
  • Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presented data demonstrate that glycosylated proteins can be produced in recombinant E. coli at a larger scale. (biomedcentral.com)
  • E. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism, and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology, where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria6
  • The processes are time-consuming and costly, and often large-scale cultivation of pathogenic bacteria is required for polysaccharide biosynthesis, making conjugate vaccines prohibitively expensive for vaccination campaigns in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Escherichia coli are gram-negative bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Since many pathways in mixed-acid fermentation produce hydrogen gas, these pathways require the levels of hydrogen to be low, as is the case when E. coli lives together with hydrogen-consuming organisms, such as methanogens or sulphate-reducing bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • While a change in diet for cows before slaughter is thought to cut E. coli O157 shedding, a vaccine may be a better method to stave off the bacteria. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • When exposed to the E. coli bacteria, the antibodies bind to the siderophore receptors and porins and help prevent iron from entering the E. coli cell, causing it to die. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • Cytotoxin production by other bacteria (ie, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium difficile, enterohemorrhagic E coli ) results in mucosal cell destruction that leads to bloody stools with inflammatory cells. (medscape.com)
Causative agent1
  • Plasmodium falciparum parasites are the causative agent of the most severe form of human malaria, and the development of an effective vaccine remains a key strategic goal to aid the control, local elimination and eventual eradication of this disease. (nature.com)
Cholera vaccines1
Uropathogenic1
  • Uropathogenic E coli (UPEC) has the ability to colonize the uroepithelium by means of surface fimbriae. (medscape.com)
Mucosal1
  • As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. (frontiersin.org)
Isolates1
  • In contrast to the essential and beneficial role of most E coli isolates in the human intestine, pathogenic E coli are responsible for a broad spectrum of human disease. (medscape.com)
Warm-blooded organisms1
  • Escherichia coli (/ˌɛʃəˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ/ ESH-ə-RIK-ee-ə KOH-ly) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Immunization1
  • Most notably routine immunization of infants with conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B led to a fast and dramatic drop in respective disease incidents after implementation. (biomedcentral.com)
Infectious diseases1
  • The described methodologies constitute an important step towards cost-effective in vivo production of conjugate vaccines, which in future may be used for combating severe infectious diseases, particularly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Disease4
  • In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blood-stage vaccines seek to induce antibodies against the merozoite form of the parasite that invades erythrocytes 2 , and could complement pre-erythrocytic immunity afforded by RTS,S/AS01, protect against disease severity and/or reduce transmission by accelerating the control and clearance of blood-stage parasitemia. (nature.com)
  • It brings information about vaccine preventable diseases: a FAQ from the disease and another from its vaccine, photos, videos, case histories, recommendations, references and links. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccines against this disease are widely available since the 1950s. (frontiersin.org)
Antibodies2
  • The antibodies induced by one protein variant were shown to be qualitatively similar to responses induced by other vaccine platforms. (nature.com)
  • Anti-merozoite vaccine studies have long relied on the standardized in vitro assay of growth inhibition activity (GIA) 12 , whereby purified IgG antibodies are tested against parasites cultured in human red blood cells (RBC) in the absence of other cell types. (nature.com)
Protein5
  • After induction glycoconjugates generally appeared later than unglycosylated carrier protein, suggesting that glycosylation was the rate-limiting step for synthesis of conjugate vaccines in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate Duffy Binding Protein (DBP) is a protein necessary for P. vivax invasion of reticulocytes. (rcsb.org)
  • However it has proved challenging to identify a heterologous expression platform that can produce a soluble protein-based vaccine in a manner compliant with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP). (nature.com)
  • This work identifies Drosophila S2 cells as a clinically-relevant platform suited for the production of 'difficult-to-make' proteins from Plasmodium parasites, and identifies a PfRH5 sequence variant that can be used for clinical production of a non-glycosylated, soluble full-length protein vaccine immunogen. (nature.com)
  • Shukla, D.D. Expression of potyvirus coat protein in Escherichia coli and yeast and its assembly into virus-like particles. (eurekaselect.com)
Carcasses1
  • The problem with a small test sampling as in the grass vs. grain studies, he says, is that if E. coli exists on carcasses at a rate of 0.1 or 0.05 percent, the chance of finding it in a sample of a dozen or two is almost nil. (foodengineeringmag.com)
Immunotherapy2
  • Vaccine as immunotherapy for leishmaniasis 3. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • These findings support further investigations of PNAG-targeting vaccines in at risk pregnancies and/or [monoclonal antibody] immunotherapy for at risk neonates such as the prematurely born," the authors write. (genomeweb.com)
Influenza3
  • The estimated VE (46%) indicated that the influenza vaccine during the 2019-2020 influenza season was moderately effective against these influenza viruses. (health.mil)
  • End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a test-negative case-control study design. (health.mil)
  • The influenza vaccine was moderately effective against influenza viruses during the 2019-2020 influenza season. (health.mil)
Particles1
  • Chackerian, B. Virus-like particles: flexible platforms for vaccine development. (eurekaselect.com)
Diarrheal1
  • E coli has emerged as an important cause of diarrheal illness, with diverse phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Bacterium1
  • E. coli is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, nonsporulating coliform bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
Rotavirus1
Pfizer4
  • Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Yan Wang, with the Naval Hospital Yokosuka, and Laurei Fernandes, an American Red Cross volunteer and registered nurse, prepare syringes with doses of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine during a vaccine distribution event at Commander, Fleet Activities Yokosuka's Hawk's Nest in Yokosuka, Japan, May 20, 2021. (health.mil)
  • Those vaccines include the ones from Pfizer and Moderna, both of which require two injections. (health.mil)
  • Pfizer Animal Health recently acquired global rights to distribute an E. coli bacterial extract vaccine with SRP technology from Epitopix LLC. (foodengineeringmag.com)
  • One of the vaccine test projects Pfizer conducted was with 700,000 cattle for Cargill. (foodengineeringmag.com)