Escherichia coli toxin. Medical search. Frequent questions

To evaluate the potential public health risk caused by sec- healthy adults examined, 398 (0.08%) were positive for ondary Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) STEC. (cdc.gov)
60 isolates were O higa toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which serogroup untypeable (online Technical Appendix Table). (cdc.gov)
CDC, many states, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration External (FDA) investigated a multistate outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. (cdc.gov)
CDC worked with public health and regulatory officials in many states and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) External to investigate a multistate outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections. (cdc.gov)
The well-diffusion test using cell-free supernatants (CFS), neutralized CFS, CFS treated with catalase, and CFS treated with proteinase K showed that inhibitory effects on a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain were produced by bacteriocins. (nih.gov)
People usually get sick from Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) 2-8 days (average of 3-4 days) after swallowing the germ. (cdc.gov)
Shiga toxin (Stx) is the main virulence factor of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and ruminants are the main reservoir of STEC. (frontiersin.org)
Both E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 serotypes can cause human disease and among non-O157 infections, up to 70% of human infections are attributed to six non-O157 STEC serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) ( Bosilevac and Koohmaraie, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) poses a serious threat to human health through the consumption of contaminated food products, particularly beef and produce. (spie.org)
Using multiple signal transduction schemes (including novel optical methods designed for amphiphiles), specific recognition antibodies, and a waveguide-based optical biosensor developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, we have developed ultrasensitive detection methods for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and protein biomarkers (Shiga toxin) of STEC in complex samples (e.g. beef lysates). (spie.org)
The behavior of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), non-O157 shiga toxin-producing E. coli (non-O157-STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) on mung bean seeds at 25±2 °C and during germination and sprouting of mung bean seeds at 20±2 ° and 30±2 °C and on mung bean sprouts at 3±2 °C was determined. (unboundmedicine.com)
When mung bean seeds were inoculated with EAEC, non-O157 STEC, EIEC, EPEC or ETEC strains, all these diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (DEPs) survived at least 90 days on mung bean seeds at 25±2 °C. All DEPs grew during germination and sprouting of seeds, reaching counts of approximately 5 Log and 7 Log CFU/g after 2 days at 20±2 ° and 30±2 °C, respectively. (unboundmedicine.com)
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause gastrointestinal illnesses including non-bloody or bloody diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis (HC), and the haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (uzh.ch)
To investigate the occurrence of STEC among grazing dromedaries from Kenya, E. coli isolated from fecal matter collected from 163 dromedaries on a large ranch were screened for the presence of stx1 and stx2. (uzh.ch)
Title : National Enteric Disease Surveillance : Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) annual report, 2011 Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Division of Foodborne Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases. (cdc.gov)
Shiga toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC or VTEC) causes serious gastrointestinal infections in humans, including diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, and may lead to life-threatening sequelae such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (edu.au)
Management of patients with STEC disease can be challenging, particularly since conventional antibiotic therapy is contraindicated because it is believed to increase the risk of complications by promoting release of Shiga toxin by STEC in the gut. (edu.au)
The role of environmental transmission of typically foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 is increasingly recognized. (uu.nl)
In order to determine the occurrence, serotypes and virulence markers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, 153 fecal samples of cattle randomly selected from six dairy farms in São Paulo State. (unifesp.br)
Hong Kong health officials are investigating a case of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in a 28-year-old man with underlying medical illness. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Some strains, however, such as STEC, can produce powerful toxins and cause severe food-borne disease. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
The most recognised serogroup of STEC is E. coli O157:H7," a spokesman for the CHP explained. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
The historically large 2011 German outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), caused by a Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) of the serotype O104:H4, illustrated the emerging importance of non-O157 STEC. (umassmed.edu)
STEC O104:H4, with features characteristic of both enteroaggregative E. coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli, represents a unique and highly virulent pathotype. (umassmed.edu)
Shiga toxin, also known as Stx, is a toxin that is produced by the rod shaped Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli (STEC). (wikipedia.org)
Shiga Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are potentially highly virulent and can cause illness at levels of 10 cells if ingested by a susceptible host. (centerforproducesafety.org)
There has been an increase in the number of outbreaks linked to fresh produce contaminated with Shiga Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). (centerforproducesafety.org)
Prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in a diarrheagenic Tunisian population, and the report of isolating STEC O157:H7 in Tunis. (hal.science)
Three hundred and twenty-seven E. coli strains were isolated and studied, to look for shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains, which were further analysed to investigate and determine clonal relationship among Tunisian STEC strains isolated from different sources (diarrheal cases and food products). (hal.science)
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) outbreaks involving ready-to-eat salad products have been described in the scientific literature since 1995. (uea.ac.uk)
In August 2017, a cluster of four persons infected with genetically related strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 was identified. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
Cattle are the primary reservoirs for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and principal source of human infection. (usda.gov)
Ninety percent of HUS cases occur in the pediatric population, due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). (bmj.com)
EHEC, also known as Shiga-toxin producing E coli (STEC), induces an attaching and effacing (AE) lesion in the large bowel. (medscape.com)
Revised "Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli " (STEC) to reflect current nomenclature. (fda.gov)
When the clinical or epidemic history suggests a possible Shiga toxin-producing organism, diagnostic approaches should be applied that detect Shiga toxin (or the genes that encode them) and distinguish Escherichia coli O157:H7 from other Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) in stool. (medscape.com)
STEC O157 should be assessed by culture, and non-O157 STEC should be detected by Shiga toxin or genomic assays. (medscape.com)
detection of Shiga toxin is needed to detect other STEC serotype. (medscape.com)

Sorbitol-negative isolates were screened with O157 antiserum for identification of O157:H7 E. coli. (unifesp.br)
It was discovered in the E. coli O157:H7 strain in which it constitutes a genomic islet between two core genes (folA and apaH). (pasteur.fr)
O157 strain EDL933 and E. coli K12 with known adherence differences were used to standardize the RAJ-IVOC adherence assay. (usda.gov)
E coli O157:H7 is the most virulent of the EHEC. (medscape.com)
Due to the appearance of the highly virulent strain of E. coli of serotype O157:H7 in the US and Canada in the 1980's, and subsequently in other Latin American countries, there is an increase need for accurate testing for this and other pathogenic E. coli strains, substantially enhancing detection of virulent strains and, therefore, facilitating identification of sporadic E. coli infections and outbreaks. (eurekaselect.com)
However, a significant risk exists that infections caused by highly virulent E. coli isolates, such as the enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, develop into serious and potentially lifethreatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. (eurekaselect.com)
Supervivencia de VTEC O157 y no-O157 en agua de bebederos y materia fecal de bovinos. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Colicinogenic Escherichia coli Strains Active against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. (bvsalud.org)
Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Escherichia coli no O157 caracterizados por una diversidad de patrones únicos, clusters y brotes. (bvsalud.org)
La BDN de E. coli productor de toxina shiga O157 y no O157, con 9 y 20 cepas de origen humano respectivamente, caracterizadas según sus factores de virulencia y subtipos. (bvsalud.org)
Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Escherichia coli no O157. (bvsalud.org)

Indicated for E coli (enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative strains) associated with traveler's diarrhea. (medscape.com)
Most strains of E. coli are harmless. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
ArtAB toxin of Salmonella enterica has components similar to those found in two different families: the ArtA (Q404H4) subunit is homologous with pertussis toxin A, while the ArtB (Q404H3) subunit is homologous with subB as well as proteins found in other Salmonella strains. (wikipedia.org)
These strains possessed the Shiga toxin (stx) subtype stx2a, a toxin type known to be associated with severe clinical outcome. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
Unlike the atypical form, the typical form is caused by infection with certain strains of Escherichia coli bacteria that produce toxic substances called Shiga-like toxins. (medlineplus.gov)
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a potentially devastating consequence of enteric infection with specific E coli strains. (medscape.com)
The emergence and evolution of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with diarrheal diseases have become a topic of active investigation in recent years due to the emergence of more virulent strains and the association of new serotypes with disease. (eurekaselect.com)
The relative contribution of recombination events in the generation of new categories of pathogenic E. coli varies among the E. coli population, and it is represented by the wide variety of mobile elements found in different diarrheal strains (e.g. pathogenicity islands, phages, transposons, pathoadaptive mutations, etc). (eurekaselect.com)
In addition, factors underlying the emergence of enteroaggregative and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains associated with persistent diarrhea are unknown. (eurekaselect.com)
Horizontal transfer of genetic elements that affect virulence of diarrheagenic E. coli strains and changes in global agricultural processes, as well as movement of humans and animals, may contribute to the complex natural history of diarrheagenic E. coli. (eurekaselect.com)
Some strains of E. coli normally inhabit the digestive tract of healthy people. (msdmanuals.com)
However, some strains of E. coli have acquired genes that enable them to cause infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Effects of the culture medium and the methodology applied on the biofilm formation of 2diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains]. (bvsalud.org)
Characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated during the chicken slaughtering process]. (bvsalud.org)
A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)

Indicated for adults and pediatric patients aged 3 months or older for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) in combination with metronidazole and for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) including pyelonephritis caused by certain susceptible Gram-negative microorganisms, including Escherichia coli . (medscape.com)
Adequate hydration is important to minimize renal damage in HUS associated with Shiga toxin-producing E coli infections. (bmj.com)
E coli is also a commonly identified cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) , as well as neonatal sepsis and meningitis. (medscape.com)
Systemic infections caused by E coli are frequently seen in neonates either by means of vertical or horizontal transmission. (medscape.com)
In addition, S fimbriae have been associated with many of the E coli of patients with CNS infections. (medscape.com)
As a pathogen, E. coli are the most frequent causes of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, diarrheal disease, and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis, pneumonia and bacteremia. (eurekaselect.com)
At least six different categories of pathogenic E. coli causing enteric infections have been identified and further characterized. (eurekaselect.com)
In Latin America, as well as many other developing countries, diarrheal infections caused by E. coli remain an important cause de infant morbidity - mortality. (eurekaselect.com)
Urinary tract infections are the most common infection caused by E. coli , and people may also develop intestinal infections by eating contaminated food (such as undercooked ground beef), touching infected animals, or swallowing contaminated water. (msdmanuals.com)
Antibiotics can effectively treat E. coli infections outside the digestive tract and most intestinal infections but are not used to treat intestinal infections by one strain of these bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
Many E. coli infections affecting areas outside the digestive tract develop in people who are debilitated, who are staying in a health care facility, or who have taken antibiotics. (msdmanuals.com)

The so far highest number of life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome was associated with a food-borne outbreak in 2011 in Germany which was caused by an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of the rare serotype O104:H4. (scite.ai)
Shiga toxin 2 from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is the etiologic agent of bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome and derived encephalopathies that may result to death in patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is an illness characterized by a triad of events that include nonimmune haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure caused by Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). (biomedcentral.com)
Deleted "Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli " (EHEC) as use of EHEC terminology is outdated. (fda.gov)
Other organs involved include the liver in hepatitis A, muscles in trichinosis, lymph nodes in toxoplasmosis, and, importantly, the kidneys in hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which follows enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli -induced diarrhea. (medscape.com)

Because, quite unusually, a large number of adults was affected and the causative Escherichia coli strain, serotype O104:H4, showed an atypical virulence factor pattern, it was speculated that this outbreak was associated with an aggressive course and an unfavorable prognosis also in children. (qxmd.com)
A large amount of the E coli types are not detrimental but serotype 0157:H7 is able to pilot to the significant food poisoning cases that human being would be subjected to as long as they get into place. (bestwritingservice.com)
The characteristic serotype of this pathogenic E coli displays the K1 antigen, which is responsible for 40% of the cases of bacteremia and 80% of the cases of meningitis caused by E coli . (medscape.com)

Our crystal structures of Phd-Doc from bacteriophage P1, the HigA antitoxin from Escherichia coli CFT073, and YeeU of the YeeUWV systems from E. coli K12 and Shigella flexneri confirm this inference and reveal additional, unanticipated structural relationships. (nih.gov)
Stx is related to the Shiga toxin of Shigella dysenteriae and is cytotoxic to the vascular endothelium. (medscape.com)
In addition, Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and, rarely, other pathogens may produce Shiga toxin and should be considered as a cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), especially in people with suggestive international travel or personal contact with a traveler. (medscape.com)
The CDC found that 5 bacterial enteric pathogens ( Campylobacter, E coli 0157 , Salmonella, Shigella, and Y enterocolitica ) caused 291,162 illnesses annually in children younger than 5 years. (medscape.com)

To gain insight into TA system evolution, we analyzed the distribution of the chromosomally encoded ccdO157 system in 395 natural isolates of Escherichia coli. (pasteur.fr)
In contrast to the essential and beneficial role of most E coli isolates in the human intestine, pathogenic E coli are responsible for a broad spectrum of human disease. (medscape.com)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin drives enteropathic" by Alaullah Sheikh, Brunda Tumala et al. (wustl.edu)
Once colonization is achieved, one or both of the enterotoxins are released (ie, heat labile toxin [LT] and heat stable toxin [ST]). These toxins draw fluid and electrolytes from the small bowel mucosa. (medscape.com)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Diphtheria toxin, an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium that causes disease in humans by inhibiting protein synthesis, enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (rcsb.org)

Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. (medscape.com)
caused by enterotoxigenic E coli [ETEC] or enteroaggregative E coli [EAggEC]) may appear to be dehydrated. (medscape.com)
Such studies are needed to understand the increasingly recognized diversity of enterotoxigenic E. coli, a leading cause of pediatric and travelers' diarrhea. (eurekaselect.com)

Most importantly, the outbreak strain harbored genes characteristic of both EHEC and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). (scite.ai)
Like the 2011 outbreak strain, one of the novel EHEC/EAEC harbored the Shiga toxin gene type stx2a. (scite.ai)
Efficacy of antibiotic treatment of enteroinvasive E coli (EIEC) and enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) is not established. (medscape.com)
Pathogenic Escherichia coli are genetically diverse and encompass a broad variety of pathotypes, such as enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which cause distinct clinical syndromes. (umassmed.edu)
Once established in the colon, EHEC releases one or more toxins known as Shiga-like toxin (Stx). (medscape.com)

An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 hemolytic uremic syndrome in Germany: presentation and short-term outcome in children. (qxmd.com)
E. coli O104:H4 caused the largest HUS outbreak in children reported in detail to date and most patients received supportive treatment only. (qxmd.com)
Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with an intestinal E. coli infection develop mild, uncomplicated diarrhea. (eurekaselect.com)

Early detection in the food chain, and discrimination from other non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), is critical to preventing human outbreaks, and meeting current agricultural screening standards. (spie.org)

Initial morbidity, as well as short-term outcome, due to this pathogen, is comparable to previous pediatric series of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli HUS. (qxmd.com)
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen in both groups, but otherwise the profile of symptoms and isolated organisms was similar in the 2 groups. (who.int)
First described in 1885, E coli has become recognized as both a harmless commensal and a versatile pathogen. (medscape.com)

More information about E. coli , and steps people can take to reduce their risk of infection, can be found on the CDC E. coli web page. (cdc.gov)
Food and drinks contaminated with these bacteria are the source of infection and how this toxin is spread. (wikipedia.org)
The differential diagnoses of E coli traveler's diarrhea include rotavirus infection, Norwalk virus infection, Salmonella infection, and Campylobacter diarrhea. (medscape.com)
Typically, FBDs in which severe vomiting (eg, staphylococcal-toxin gastroenteritis) and small bowel diarrhea occur, typified by Vibrio cholerae infection, can cause life-threatening dehydration. (medscape.com)

The contribution of lipopolysaccharide to pathogenicity caused by Shiga toxin 2 resulted to enhance the observed hippocampal damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Diarrhea-associated HUS is usually caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli . (bmj.com)

The Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, found in human's does through the usage of its fimbriae, amassed the tissue culture cells in the human bodies. (bestwritingservice.com)

Escherichia coli commonly known as e coli are Gram-negative dowel wrought bacteria that are found in the subordinate innards of the warm-blooded animals or rather the endothermic creature genus,Sussman, 154 . (bestwritingservice.com)
From Goodsell, 124, Escherichia coli are useful in that they aid the fabrication of Vitamin K2 and the prevention of harmful bacteria from growth. (bestwritingservice.com)
The AB5 toxins are six-component protein complexes secreted by certain pathogenic bacteria known to cause human diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Patients with E coli intra-abdominal abscesses generally present as an abscess that is a combination of other enteric organisms to include potential anaerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)
Escherichia coli are Gram-negative bacteria found as normal commensal flora in the gastrointestinal tract. (eurekaselect.com)

A single diarrheal stool specimen is recommended for detection of toxin or a toxigenic C difficile strain (eg, nucleic acid amplification testing). (medscape.com)

Shiga Toxin 2 from Escherichia coli (Special Terms Apply*) (162L) is a high quality bacterial toxin for research. (quadratech.co.uk)
Bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems serve a variety of physiological functions including regulation of cell growth and maintenance of foreign genetic elements. (nih.gov)
The differential diagnoses of acute E coli meningitis include bacterial meningitis (most common H influenza , N meningitidis , and S pneumoniae ), viral meningitis, sepsis , seizure disorder, brain abscess , ruptured aneurysm, and neonatal tetanus . (medscape.com)
The differential diagnoses of E coli pneumonia include congestive heart failure , pulmonary embolism , other bacterial pneumonias, and viral pneumonias. (medscape.com)

The growth-regulating Doc toxin exhibits structural similarity to secreted virulence factors that are toxic for eukaryotic target cells. (nih.gov)

ST is reportedly the more virulent of the toxins. (medscape.com)

Escherichia coli diarrhea. (medscape.com)
Some symptoms of this toxin include chronic and widespread watery diarrhea and dehydration that, in some cases, leads to death. (wikipedia.org)

An Escherichia coli bacterium is found in the innards of endothermic animal genus. (bestwritingservice.com)
Cholera toxin is composed of a protein complex that is secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (wikipedia.org)
Pertussis toxin is secreted by the gram-negative bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. (wikipedia.org)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli O8:H19 and Shiga toxin 2f gene. (ox.ac.uk)

Caracterización de cepas de Escherichia coli enteropatogénico (EPEC) aisladas durante el proceso de faena de pollos. (bvsalud.org)

YeeU, which has an antitoxin-like activity that represses toxin expression, is structurally similar to the ribosome-interacting toxins YoeB and RelE. (nih.gov)

This report describes a microbial toxin mechanism acting via iso-peptide bond cross-linking between host proteins and is, to the best of our knowledge, the only known example of a peptide linkage between nonterminal glutamate and lysine side chains. (rcsb.org)

Molecular characterization of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from 2 livestock establishments of Paraguay]. (bvsalud.org)

Current evidence for the role of complement in the pathogenesis of Shiga toxin haemolytic uraemic syndrome. (bmj.com)

Sandwich immunoassays were used for detection of protein toxins. (spie.org)
A complete AB5 toxin complex contains six protein units. (wikipedia.org)

E coli has emerged as an important cause of diarrheal illness, with diverse phenotypes and pathogenic mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Alfredo G. Torres , " Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Latin America ", Bentham Science Publishers (2010). (eurekaselect.com)
Understanding the population structure of pathogenic E. coli is important, since it impacts the effectiveness of molecular epidemiological studies. (eurekaselect.com)

New, serious hazards have emerged in the food chain, such as enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. (who.int)

Caracterización molecular de aislamientos de Escherichia coli productores de toxina Shiga obtenidos en 2 establecimientos ganaderos del Paraguay. (bvsalud.org)

Particularly, the hippocampus has been found affected in patients intoxicated with Shiga toxin 2. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients with E coli pneumonia usually present with fever, shortness of breath, increased respiratory rate, increased respiratory secretions, and crackles upon auscultation. (medscape.com)
Patients with E coli cholecystitis or cholangitis develop right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, fever, and jaundice [Charcot's Triad]. (medscape.com)

The A subunit of an AB5 toxin is the portion responsible for catalysis of specific targets. (wikipedia.org)
For Shiga toxin family, the A subunit hosts a Trypsin-sensitive region which gives out two fragmented domains when cleaved. (wikipedia.org)
Domain A2 (approximately 5kDa in cholera toxin or heat labile enterotoxin) provides a non-covalent linkage to the B subunit through the B subunit's central pore. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular evolution analysis showed that ccdBO157 is under neutral evolution, suggesting that this system is devoid of any biological role in the E. coli species. (pasteur.fr)

Anatomy8

Organisms26

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

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STEC38

O15711

Strains15

Infections11

Enterohemorrhagic Esch5

Serotype3

Shigella4

Isolates2

Heat-labile toxin2

Humans2

Enterotoxigenic3

EHEC5

Outbreak3

Outbreaks1

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Caused by Shiga toxin2

Enteroaggregative Escherichia1

Bacteria5

Strain1

Bacterial4

Virulence Factors1

Virulent1

Diarrhea2

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EPEC1

YoeB1

Proteins1

Characterization1

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Protein2

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