Eruptive explosive eruptions. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Ethiopian Rift Valley hosts the longest record of human co-existence with volcanoes on Earth, however, current understanding of the magnitude and timing of large explosive eruptions in this region is poor. (nature.com)
Like many volcanoes around the Pacific Rim, Taal is what's known as an "explosive volcano," says Katherine Kelley, a University of Rhode Island professor of oceanography. (popsci.com)
The resulting bubbles of gas popping are what gives explosive volcanoes their name. (popsci.com)
The Alaska-Aleutian arc includes over 50 historically active volcanoes including Novarupta-Katmai, the source of the largest eruption of the 20th century in 1912 that erupted 13.5 km3 of magma (Hildreth and Fierstein 2012). (usgs.gov)
and (2) a collection of source-proximal samples from known CFEs and other large tephra-producing eruption deposits in Alaska, updating the work of Miller and Smith (1987) and available to the Fellow at the Alaska Volcano Observatory, with at least 65 major Holocene eruptions at 26 source volcanoes. (usgs.gov)
Plain Language Summary Volcanoes are amongst the most fascinating and mysterious subjects of science, for they allow no direct observation of what is happening within the conduit during eruptive activity. (researchgate.net)
Deception Island (South Shetland Islands) is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 20 explosive eruptive events registered over the past two centuries. (nature.com)
An international team of volcanologists working on remote islands in the Galápagos Archipelago has found that volcanoes which reliably produce small basaltic lava eruptions hide chemically diverse magmas in their underground plumbing systems - including some with the potential to generate explosive activity. (eurekalert.org)
Many volcanoes produce similar types of eruption over millions of years. (eurekalert.org)
In this case, volcanoes that have reliably produced basaltic lava eruptions for millennia might undergo unexpected changes to more explosive activity in the future. (eurekalert.org)
Although there's no sign that these Galápagos volcanoes will undergo a transition in eruption style any time soon, our results show why other volcanoes might have changed their eruptive behaviour in the past. (eurekalert.org)
This discovery is a game-changer because it allows us to reconcile apparently divergent observations, such as the presence of explosive deposits at several Galápagos volcanoes. (eurekalert.org)
It is one of the world's most active volcanoes, with frequent effusive and explosive eruptions and only short quiescence periods. (earth.com)
Much has been made about the decisions that were made regarding the volcanic crisis , but hopefully much can be learned from the eruption , but in terms of the science of volcanoes and how to mitigate for these events. (bigthink.com)
Some volcanoes can produce eruptions so powerful they release oceans of dust and toxic gases into the air, blocking out sunlight and changing a planet's climate for decades. (finchannel.com)
Seven calderas in Arabia Terra were the first giveaways that the region may once have hosted volcanoes capable of super eruptions. (finchannel.com)
Another research group, upon learning that the Arabia Terra basins could be calderas, had calculated where ash from possible super eruptions in that region would have settled: traveling downwind, to the East, it would thin out away from the center of the volcanoes, or in this case, what's left of them: the calderas. (finchannel.com)
Quantitative hazard assessments of active volcanoes require an accurate knowledge of the past eruptive activity in terms of eruption dynamics and the stratified products of eruption. (unige.ch)
Increases in seismic activity have been detected previously at Trident Volcano and other similar volcanoes and did not result in eruptions. (alaska.edu)
Modern geochronological techniques were used to calculate the age of volcanic deposits and build an eruptive history for the volcanoes of the Ethiopian Rift. (earthmagazine.org)
The team found that the volcanoes they studied - four of Ethiopia's largest - had explosive caldera-forming eruptions between 320,000 and 170,000 years ago. (earthmagazine.org)
But Aluto and Corbetti, two silicic volcanoes, have both experienced frequent small eruptions over the past 20,000 years. (earthmagazine.org)
The study of eruptive history and volcanic ash dispersal are the key to understand eruption frequency and to identify the level of risk from different volcanoes. (gfz-potsdam.de)
Mt. Cameroon is one of Africa's largest and most dangerous volcanoes, and its eruptions pose a threat to nearly half a million inhabitants that live on and around its flanks. (sciencedaily.com)
Nov. 1, 2021 It is estimated that about 5-10 volcanoes worldwide are capable of producing a super-eruption that could catastrophically affect global climate. (sciencedaily.com)
Shield volcanoes are a unique type of volcano characterized by their shape, eruption style, and composition. (hawaiistar.com)
Unlike some other types of volcanoes that have explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes are known for their relatively calm and non-explosive activity. (hawaiistar.com)
Instead of explosive eruptions, shield volcanoes often have what is known as effusive eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)
This continuous, non-explosive activity is one of the reasons why shield volcanoes can grow to such large sizes. (hawaiistar.com)

Sure enough, Eyjafjallajökull had gone from an effusive flank vent eruption to a full-blown summit (and subglacial) explosive eruption … and the rest is history (literally). (bigthink.com)
Stratigraphic data suggest complex shifting from effusive phases with lava flows to highly explosive phase that generated a relatively thick and widespread pumice fallout deposit. (unige.ch)
The eruption is likely to be an "effusive" eruption, i.e. one that creates lava flows, similar to the eruption that occurred on La Palma last year. (sciencemediacentre.org)
The eruption, if it happens, is very likely to be effusive. (sciencemediacentre.org)
Past examples of these two possible scenarios are the eruption at nearby Fagradalsfjall in 2021 and 2022 (effusive lava fountains and flows) and the 1963 Surtsey eruption (explosive eruption involving lava and water). (sciencemediacentre.org)
An effusive eruption is more likely since the strongest volcanic activity is on land and only part of the dyke extends under the sea. (sciencemediacentre.org)

While attempts to understand the links between past environmental change and human evolution have stimulated considerable research into African palaeoclimate 10 , comparatively little attention has been paid to the role of explosive volcanism in influencing rift habitability 11 . (nature.com)
This erosion leaves only a Holocene record of explosive volcanism, which limits knowledge of the long-term eruptive behavior of Alaska volcanism. (usgs.gov)
There isn't much known about the eruptive history of the volcano - checking out the Global Volcanism Program, the last activity at Sinabung might have been an explosive event in 1881 with persistent fumaroles up until 1912. (scienceblogs.com)
The MESSENGER mission revealed, for the first time, conclusive evidence of explosive volcanism on Mercury. (lancs.ac.uk)
Several previous works have cataloged the appearance and location of explosive volcanism on the planet using a variety of identifying characteristics, including vent presence and deposit color as seen in multispectral image mosaics. (lancs.ac.uk)
Together, these results provide a comprehensive analysis of explosive volcanism on Mercury, and inform continued research on the thermal history of Mercury and magma composition and evolution. (lancs.ac.uk)
We wanted to figure out when the last eruption took place and how frequent explosive volcanism was, so we can make estimates as to the likelihood of future volcanic activity," says William Hutchison , a volcanologist now at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and lead author of the new study. (earthmagazine.org)
For example, if explosive volcanism is typical of the East African Rift, it's possible this activity pushed some early hominins out of Africa, Hutchison says. (earthmagazine.org)
We identify our limited knowledge of the number and length of non-eruptive phases (hiatuses) during continental flood basalt volcanism as a key unknown parameter critical for better constraining the severity and duration of any potential environmental effects caused by continental flood basalt eruptions. (geoscienceworld.org)

The eruption is likely to be bigger than the 2021 and 2022 Fagradalsfjall eruptions. (sciencemediacentre.org)
Other recent eruptions took place in 2021, 2022 and earlier this year. (sciencemediacentre.org)
It's currently unclear how large a potential eruption might be, though the characteristics of the intense earthquake swarm that has been affecting the area suggest that the total volume of magma is much larger than in 2021 or 2022. (sciencemediacentre.org)
Nov. 21, 2022 Volcanic eruptions are dangerous and difficult to predict. (sciencedaily.com)
https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/89478 [accessed 21 January 2022]. (nih.gov)
https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2021/11/22/funding-gaps-risky-business-monitoring-Congo-volcano-eruption [accessed 21 January 2022]. (nih.gov)

AVO is able to monitor the volcano for signs of eruptive activity with satellite, lightning, and regional seismic and infrasound data. (alaska.edu)

But the other option is harder to forecast: continued movement of the tectonic plates would lead to continued eruptive activity, she says. (popsci.com)

10 km 3 ) caldera-forming eruptions, and eruptive fluxes were elevated five times above the average eruption rate for the past 700 ka. (nature.com)
Large eruptions like the Katmai event evacuate an immense volume of magma that results in large collapse calderas and are referred to as caldera-forming eruptions (CFEs). (usgs.gov)
Most seismicity preceding Karymsky eruptions originated beneath Akademia Nauk caldera, located immediately south. (si.edu)
Of course, the Yellowstone swarm had everyone's attention, but with the many swarms at the North American caldera , no eruption followed even as the swarm marched on into February . (bigthink.com)
After blasting the equivalent of 400 million Olympic-size swimming pools of molten rock and gas through the surface and spreading a thick blanket of ash up to thousands of miles from the eruption site, a volcano of this magnitude collapses into a giant hole called a "caldera. (finchannel.com)
The eruption left a huge caldera 43 miles by 18 miles (70 by 30 kilometers) sitting over a huge magma chamber. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Aira caldera, located in southern Kyushu, Japan, originally formed 100 ka, and its current shape reflects the more recent 30 ka caldera-forming eruptions (hereafter, called the AT eruptions). (springeropen.com)
Moreover, we estimated that the AT magma reservoir in the 30 ka Aira caldera-forming eruptions has the total volume of 490 km 3 DRE and is distributed in a depth range of 4-11 km. (springeropen.com)
The caldera was created 200,000 years ago during a colossal volcanic eruption. (earthmagazine.org)
This eruption will have created a new caldera for sure. (theweatheroutlook.com)
A subaqueous eruption in Karymsky lake in the Academii Nauk caldera dramatically changed its water column structure, water chemistry and biological system in less than 24 h, sending major floodwaves down the discharging river and eruption plumes with ash and gases high into the atmosphere. (kscnet.ru)
Maguskin M.A., Dvigalo V.N., Grib E.N., Ivanov V.V. The 1996-2003 eruptions in the Akademii Nauk Caldera and at the Karymsky volcano, Kamchatka // IUGG-2003 Abstract. (kscnet.ru)
Since the major caldera-forming eruption 85 thousand years ago (ka), three stratovolcanoes-San Pedro, Tolimán, and Atitlán-have formed in and around the caldera. (summitpost.org)

However, previous eruptions of Shishaldin Volcano have lasted weeks to months with repeated cycles of eruptive activity like those seen since July. (alaska.edu)
The eruption of Shishaldin Volcano that began in late July continues with low-level explosive activity near the summit and effusion of short lava flows, tha Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) reports. (raptureready.com)
The most recent significant explosive event at Shishaldin Volcano, the eighth to occur during this eruptive period, happened earlier in the week on August 25-26. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
Strong explosive eruption at Shishaldin volcano, ash reaches 12.8 km (42 000 feet) a.s.l. (watchers.news)

The explosive activity of the 2021 Tajogaite eruption eludes pigeonholing into well‐defined eruption styles, with a variety of pyroclast ejection modes occurring both alternately and simultaneously at multiple vents. (researchgate.net)
The 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano is the largest eruptive event in the recorded history for. (researchgate.net)
No explosive events have occurred since a single event in May 2021. (alaska.edu)
June 22, 2021 A team has reviewed the literature on the internal and external mechanisms that lead to a volcanic eruption. (sciencedaily.com)

Here we use new geochronological evidence to suggest that a 200 km-long segment of rift experienced a major pulse of explosive volcanic activity between 320 and 170 ka. (nature.com)
Recent eruptions (1967, 1969, and 1970) and the volcanic unrest episodes that happened in 1992, 1999, and 2014-2015 demonstrate that the occurrence of future volcanic activity is a valid and pressing concern for scientists, technical and logistic personnel, and tourists, that are visiting or working on or near the island. (nature.com)
It was only after volcanic activity began in 1991 that geologists studied the eruptive history of the region in any detail. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Minus the phreatomagmatic explosions of earlier today, the eruption has been relatively passive (in the grand scheme of volcanic eruptions) and the hazard of ash at high altitudes right now is low. (scienceblogs.com)
This long-term consistency in a volcano's eruptive behaviour informs hazard planning by local authorities. (eurekalert.org)
The occurrence of shallow magma pockets likely plays a major role in controlling eruptive styles during eruptions and should therefore be routinely considered in hazard mitigation efforts. (sciencedaily.com)
Because of Atitlán's moderately explosive nature and frequency of eruptions, there is a need for local and regional hazard planning and mitigation efforts. (summitpost.org)
Such high-resolution spatial constraints on the volcano plumbing system as shown are an important advance in our ability to forecast and to mitigate the hazard potential of Merapi's future eruptions. (bvsalud.org)

These layers can be seen in the exposed sides of the volcano, revealing the history of past eruptions. (hawaiistar.com)

The word 'Pinatubo' means 'to have made grow' in Tagalog and Sambal which may suggest a knowledge of its previous eruption in about 1500 C.E. , although there is no oral tradition among local people of earlier large eruptions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Although there seems to be no local knowledge of the previous large eruptions in the Pinatubo area, several Aeta residents reported in 1991 that their elders recalled small explosions in the past. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Within these pulses, tens to hundreds of volumetrically large eruptions took place, each producing 10 3 -10 4 km 3 of predominantly p3hoehoe lava and releasing unprecedented amounts of volcanic gases and ash into the atmosphere. (geoscienceworld.org)

In addition to recognizing the characteristic hydrothermal event plumes rising into the water column above actively erupting sites, widespread ash plumes dispersing at depths deeper than eruptive vents can also be diagnostic of ongoing, or very recent, eruptions. (authorea.com)
The researchers revealed a complex magma plumbing system beneath Mt. Cameroon volcano by analyzing crystals from the two most recent eruptions in 1999 and 2000. (sciencedaily.com)

Such processes are known to occur during phreatomagmatic eruptions at various depths, lateral locations, and energies. (researchgate.net)
Katla volcano is known for powerful subglacial phreatomagmatic eruptions producing basaltic tephra layers with volumes ranging from ~0.01 to more than 1 cubic kilometer. (scienceblogs.com)

Laterally directed blast from cryptodome followed by eruption of dacite tephra and pyroclastic flows. (oregonstate.edu)
Eruptions of daicite, andesite tephra, dacite dome(s) and pyroclastic flows, andesite lava flows. (oregonstate.edu)
Eruptions of dacite tephra, dacite domes, pyroclastic flows. (oregonstate.edu)
Airfall tephra from these eruptions lift four distinctive deposits on Mount Rainier! (oregonstate.edu)
Billowing clouds of tephra rocketed towards the sky during what was likely the largest eruption in the hitory of the volcano. (oregonstate.edu)
Nearly 2.5 cubic miles of tephra was ejected from the volcano, in contrast to 0.1 cubic miles deposited during the May 18, 1980 eruption. (oregonstate.edu)
Yn Tephra layer: Pumice from this eruption has been found in Canada up to 500 miles away from the volcano. (oregonstate.edu)
For this project, we seek proposals that will interrogate the on- and offshore record of Alaska CFEs and other large tephra-producing eruptions via robust geochemical and statistical analysis. (usgs.gov)
Post-collapse eruptions produced an additional ~0.3 km 3 of tephra, burying the scar and landslide deposit. (nature.com)

Thirteen significant explosive events have occurred at Shishaldin since July 12 through October 3, 2023. (alaska.edu)

Overnight, the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland added to its oeuvre, producing what is being reported to be a 8-km plume . (scienceblogs.com)
There have also been some nice, sensational headline like " Eruption of Dormant Volcano Causes Panic in Iceland " (the evacuations actually seem to be calm) and " Iceland will maybe get blown up by huge volcano soon " (OK, so that was from Gawker), but on the whole, the coverage of the Icelandic eruption has been fairly calm and rational. (scienceblogs.com)
Three previous eruptions of EyjafjallajÃ¶kull are known in the last 1100 years (historical time in Iceland). (scienceblogs.com)
Stratigraphic reconstruction of the Víti breccia at Krafla volcano (Iceland): insights into pre-eruptive conditions priming explosive eruptions in geothermal areas. (uni-muenchen.de)
Highlights - not including Pacaya, Yasur, Tungurahua and our friend in Iceland - include: The eruption in the Marianas apparently came from South Sarigan volcano - at least according to the best guess by folks who work in the Marianas. (scienceblogs.com)
Scientists react to the Fagradalsfjall volcano eruption in Iceland. (sciencemediacentre.org)
Hence a longer time between eruptions increases the likelihood of the next eruption being more explosive in style, similar to the Eyjafjallajökull eruption on Iceland in 2010. (sciencedaily.com)

Mostly these types of eruption are hazardous in the local area. (sciencemediacentre.org)

This effort will better catalog and characterize these important deposits, link them to probable sources, and will lead to a better understanding of Alaska's most destructive volcanic eruptions. (usgs.gov)
Compared to explosive eruptions, limited studies have been conducted on the products of low explosivity events (e.g., lava fountains, strombolian eruptions) as they generally generate rather coarsegrained deposits. (researchgate.net)
Successful predictions of the onset of the climactic eruption led to the evacuation of tens of thousands of people from the surrounding areas, saving many lives, but as the surrounding areas were severely damaged by pyroclastic flows, ash deposits, and later, lahars caused by rainwater remobilising earlier volcanic deposits, thousands of houses were destroyed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Before the eruption, these river systems were important ecosystems , but the eruption filled many valleys with deep pyroclastic deposits. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
We compare the vent and deposit size of mercurian pyroclastic deposits with localized and regional lunar pyroclastic deposits, and find a range of possible eruption energies and corresponding variations in eruption style. (lancs.ac.uk)
Localized lunar pyroclastic deposits and the majority of mercurian pyroclastic deposits show evidence for eruption that is consistent with the magmatic foam at the top of a dike reaching a critical gas volume fraction. (lancs.ac.uk)
This subset of vents shows a similar eruptive behavior to the lunar Orientale dark mantle ring deposit, suggesting that the dikes that formed these vents and deposits on Mercury underwent some form of additional volatile build-up either through crustal volatile incorporation or magma convection within the dike. (lancs.ac.uk)
We show that deep ash plume layers in the water column are a common feature of explosive submarine eruptions at other sites as well, and that they demonstrate a syn-eruptive mode of transport for fine ash that will result in deposition as "hidden" cryptotephra or fallout deposits in marine sediments at distances greater than previously predicted. (authorea.com)
Turbidity in the deep ash plumes decreased by 80% over a 25-day period, with an average loss of 3% (0.15-0.6 g/m2) per day, suggesting the eruption that formed the 2016-2017 eruptive deposits had occurred within 8-121 days prior to the FK171110 expedition. (authorea.com)

A variety of material was ejected from the volcano, marking a significant change in the eruptive behavior of Mount St. Helens. (oregonstate.edu)
Studying rock samples and geologic structures, the researchers found evidence for a 150,000-year pulse of explosive eruptions large enough to alter landscapes and, therefore, influence early human behavior and evolution. (earthmagazine.org)

During the early days of eruption and after several small-scale landslides, the west flank of the edifice partially collapsed on 25 Septemb. (researchgate.net)
2010 started with the Congo's Nyamuragira having a new eruption that threatened a population of endangered chimps as lava flows issued from a flank fissure vent. (bigthink.com)
Within a few weeks, the volcano erupted , albeit from a flank vent that produced an impressive fissure eruption rather than the expected summit intracaldera eruption. (bigthink.com)
Mount Etna dates back all the way to 1500 B.C. and features two types of eruptive activity, including persistent explosive eruptions, with small lava emissions from one of four craters, and flank eruptions that erupt away from its primary area, in fissures. (99wfmk.com)
Flank vents, typically with higher effusion rates, are less frequently active and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit (usually accompanied by Strombolian eruptions at the upper end). (si.edu)
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) reports about the third paroxysmal eruptive episode of the year 2011 from the pit crater on the east flank of the Southeast Crater cone occurred on 10 April, 51 days after the previous paroxysm on 18 February. (watchers.news)
The terminal eruption stage resulted in lava flows and parasitic cones that formed on the south-western flank of the volcano. (kscnet.ru)

Visually, we defined four endmembers of explosive activity, referred to as fountaining, spattering, ash‐poor jets and ash‐rich jets. (researchgate.net)
Volcanic explosions are inherently dynamic events, modulated by the vent from which they erupt, yet their eruptive activity modulates vent geometry. (researchgate.net)
Some eruptive activity is still in the western side of the crater. (science20.com)
This explosive activity is accompanied by an abrupt increase in tremor. (science20.com)
In the western part of the crater, a new crater has formed at the site of explosive activity. (science20.com)
During some eruptive periods, including the current activity, multiple lava domes were emplaced, but were subsequently destroyed by explosive activity. (alaska.edu)
Some previous explosions have been preceded by an increase in earthquake activity that allowed for short-term forecasts of imminent significant explosive activity. (alaska.edu)
Although we are able to detect energetic explosive activity in real-time, there can be a lag of tens of minutes until we can characterize the magnitude of the event and the altitude of the volcanic cloud. (alaska.edu)
With existing data sources, AVO may not detect low-level unrest, including minor explosive activity. (alaska.edu)
Historical eruptions have been vulcanian or vulcanian-strombolian with moderate explosive activity and occasional lava flows from the summit crater. (si.edu)
In particular, recent studies have shown that explosive activity has been significantly more frequently common than previously thought. (unige.ch)
Our study contributes to characterization of explosive activity of TPV by describing for the first time the subplinian eruption of El Boquerón (5,660 yBP), a satellite dome located on the northern slope of the Pico Viejo stratovolcano. (unige.ch)
The volcano's eruption in June 1991, more than 490 years after the last known eruptive activity, [2] produced the second largest [3] terrestrial eruption of the twentieth century. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
No eruptive activity was detected outside of the crater. (alaska.edu)
The presence or absence of deep ash plumes was directly correlated with explosive activity or quiescence, respectively. (authorea.com)
Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur, sometimes simultaneously. (si.edu)
We expected that major explosive eruptions would take place at regular intervals, but, instead, found evidence for a burst of explosive activity," he says. (earthmagazine.org)
Shishaldin has had eight periods of explosive eruptive activity resulting in significant ash emissions since July 12. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
Before the current activity, the 2019-2020 eruption of Shishaldin was the first to result in lava flows outside the crater area since 1976. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
no eruptive activity has occurred since the late afternoon. (watchers.news)
Geologic and historical data suggest that the intensity and pattern of activity at Atitlán Volcano is similar to that of Fuego Volcano, 44 km to the east, where active eruptions have been observed throughout the historical period. (summitpost.org)
This report summarizes the hazards posed by Atitlán Volcano in the event of renewed activity but does not imply that an eruption is imminent. (summitpost.org)

By studying these layers, scientists can gain valuable insights into the volcano's eruption history and the processes that have shaped the landscape over time. (hawaiistar.com)

A subset of mercurian vents, including the prominent Copland-Rachmaninoff vent to the northeast of the Rachmaninoff basin, indicates eruption at enhanced gas volume fractions. (lancs.ac.uk)
Intense magmatic-hydrothermal plumes rose buoyantly above both sites, while deep particle plume layers, dominated by fine ash and devoid of hydrothermal tracers, were found dispersing laterally on isopycnal surfaces at variable depths below the eruptive vents and above the seafloor. (authorea.com)
The majority of magmatic gas species released had the potential to alter climate and/or atmospheric composition, in particular during violent explosive phases at the eruptive vents when volcanic gases were lofted into the stratosphere. (geoscienceworld.org)

We expect additional shallow seismicity and other signs of unrest, such as gas emissions, elevated surface temperatures, and ground movement, to precede any future eruption if one were to occur. (alaska.edu)
Furthermore, an infrasound array on Adak Island may detect explosive emissions from Semisopochnoi with a 13 minute delay if atmospheric conditions permit. (alaska.edu)
Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more summit craters. (si.edu)

By studying the topography and mineral composition of a portion of the Arabia Terra region in northern Mars, scientists recently found evidence for thousands of such eruptions, or "super eruptions," which are the most violent volcanic explosions known. (finchannel.com)
This vulnerability shows that a better knowledge of the past explosive history of TPV and an accurate estimate of future potentials to generate violent eruptions is required in order to quantify and mitigate the associated volcanic risk. (unige.ch)
On its path, the lava flow locally encountered thick snow cover, which lead to violent explosive interaction that generated spectacular columns of vapor and ash. (watchers.news)

During the Eyjafjallajökull eruptions, many stories were going around suggesting that Katla might erupt. (science20.com)

Eruption could occur with little notice. (sciencemediacentre.org)

The AP has posted a little bit more daylight footage from the eruption, showing the pulsing fire fountains along the fissure vent. (scienceblogs.com)
Most likely an eruption would consist of lava flows and fire fountains. (sciencemediacentre.org)

The eruption was preceded with intense seismicity and high rates of deformation in the weeks before the eruption, in association with magma recharging of the volcano. (scienceblogs.com)
Immediately prior to the eruption the depth of seismicity had become shallow, but was not significantly enhanced from what it had been in the previous weeks. (scienceblogs.com)
We use these data to develop and test models of active plate boundaries such as the San Andreas, and the Cascade and Japanese subduction zones, the nucleation of earthquakes, slow slip events, induced seismicity, and the physics of magma migration leading to volcanic eruptions. (stanford.edu)

Slow eruption of lava in the summit crater of Great Sitkin Volcano continues. (alaska.edu)

The potential of MISR in capturin important features of volcanic plumes like column height, optical depth, type, and shape of the finest particles of two highly explosive eruptions occurring on Mount Etna in 2001 and 2002 has been shown. (bsc.es)

Understanding the current state of the island's magmatic system, and its potential evolution in the future, is fundamental to increase the effectiveness of interpreting monitoring data during volcanic unrest periods and hence, for future eruption forecasting. (nature.com)

We summarize current, albeit rudimentary, knowledge of continental flood basalt eruption source and emplacement characteristics to define a set of eruption source parameters in terms of magmatic gases that could be used as inputs for Earth system modeling studies. (geoscienceworld.org)

Eight other Holocene-aged CFEs in Alaska were identified by Miller and Smith (1987), including six with over 50 km3 eruption volumes. (usgs.gov)
The Holocene eruptive history of the volcano is now fully revealed, with four eruptions occurred at ca. 10.2, 8.4, 5.6 and 3.2 cal ka BP. (gfz-potsdam.de)

Pinatubo was a known geothermal area before the 1991 eruption, and small steam explosions are quite common in such areas. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

It has been in near-constant eruption since early September 2016, shooting ash into the sky and almost disrupting air traffic. (earth.com)
These eruptions are often characterized by multiple explosive, ash-producing events as well as the growth of lava domes, such as we have seen in the ongoing 2016-2017 eruption. (alaska.edu)
The most recent occurred from December 2016 to August 2017 and produced seventy main explosive events that generated volcanic ash clouds that rose as high as 42,500 ft (13 km) above sea level, and that greatly modified the topography of Bogoslof Island. (alaska.edu)

Hydrothermal eruption dynamics reflecting vertical variations in host rock geology and geothermal alteration, Champagne Pool, Wai-o-tapu, New Zealand. (uni-muenchen.de)
Fazlullin S.M., Ushakov S.V., Shuvalov R.A., Aoki M., Nikolaeva A.G., Lupikina E.G. The 1996 subaqueous eruption at Academii Nauk volcano (Kamchatka) and its effects on Karymsky lake // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. (kscnet.ru)
Dirksen O., Humphreys M.C.S., Pletchov P., Melnik O., Demyanchuk Y., Sparks R.S.J., Mahony S. The 2001-2004 dome-forming eruption of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka: Observation, petrological investigation and numerical modelling // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. (kscnet.ru)

Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France. (uni-muenchen.de)

Since the start of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption there has been much speculation about an eruption of the larger neighbouring Katla volcano. (science20.com)
With the high frequency of eruptions of Katla, an eruption in the short term is a strong possibility. (science20.com)

Deep Ash Plumes Signal Ongoing or Recent Submarine Volcanic Eruptions, and Demonstrate a Syn-eruptive Process for Dispersing Fine Ash to Distal Sediments. (authorea.com)
Both the simulations and the observations presented in this study suggest that volcanic plumes from the Merapi eruption were transported to the south of 60 ∘ S 1 month after the eruption and even further to Antarctica in the following months. (copernicus.org)

However, a residual small amount of ash (0.1-1 g /m 2 ) may potentially remain in the atmosphere up to over a week after the eruption onset. (nature.com)
Volcanic tremor was the most useful prognostic sign indicating the onset of the lateral eruption. (kscnet.ru)

Identifying accurate topographic variations associated with volcanic eruptions plays a key role in obtaining information on eruptive parameters, volcano structure, input data for volcano processes modelling, and civil protection and recovery actions. (researchgate.net)
Agreement between simulations and MISR data is good regarding both events, although it could be improved by increasing the accuracy of the meteorological data, a better constraint on volcanological input parameters like the height of the eruptive column and improving our understanding of processes such as aggregation phenomena and volcanic cloud microphysics. (bsc.es)

Although these lava flows are potentially damaging to houses close to the volcano, they generally move at a walking pace and do not pose the same risk to life as larger explosive eruptions, like those at Vesuvius or Mt. St. Helens. (eurekalert.org)

The results further suggest that between eruptions magma batches migrate to shallower depths where they evolve and increase their explosive potential. (sciencedaily.com)

Sixteen scientists were evacuated from islands in the northern Marianas due to the eruption of the unnamed submarine volcano south of Sarigan Island. (scienceblogs.com)
The considerable challenges of accessing unpredictable events at remote seafloor locations make submarine eruptions difficult to study in real time. (authorea.com)

Geologists have traced magma movement beneath Mt. Cameroon volcano, which will help monitoring for future volcanic eruptions. (sciencedaily.com)

Our message to the volcano monitoring teams at Mt. Cameroon is that they should focus on the seismic signals of magma migration from about 20 km depth, as such signals are very likely to precede eruptions at Mt. Cameroon', says Abigail Barker, researcher at the Department of Earth Sciences. (sciencedaily.com)

Murav'ev Ya.D., Frisbie A.J. The 1996 Eruption of Karymsky Volcano and the Composition of its Products, Kamchatka, Russia // AGU Spring Meeting 1997 Abstracts. (kscnet.ru)

Deformation was occurring at rates of up to a centimetre a day since March 4 at continuous GPS sites installed within 12 km from the eruptive site. (scienceblogs.com)
As I write this, deformation reaches out the longest time ahead of all these detection systems to give us warning of an impending eruption. (ldsscientist.com)

Our findings are consistent with en-masse lateral collapse with a volume ≥0.175 km 3 , resolving several ambiguities in previous reconstructions. (nature.com)
A new Klyuchevskoy volcano eruptive cycle encompasses terminal (March 30, 1972 to August 23, 1974) and lateral (August 23, 1974 to December, 1974) eruption stages. (kscnet.ru)
The lateral eruption was accompanied by explosive earthquakes. (kscnet.ru)

Large, explosive eruptions pose little risk to modern inhabitants of the area, Hutchison says. (earthmagazine.org)

Both are more intense than in those previous eruptions. (sciencemediacentre.org)

A previous eruption of Eyjafjallajökull lasted about a year. (science20.com)
Rising to 3,283 meters above sea level, Shiveluch is a stratovolcano composed of layers of hardened lava, compacted ash, and rocks ejected by previous eruptions. (earth.com)
Previous eruptions of the volcano have lasted weeks to months, and have on occasion produced ash fall on Unalaska. (alaska.edu)

It injected large amounts of aerosols into the stratosphere-more than any eruption since that of Krakatoa in 1883. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The eruptions from the study were potentially similar in scale to the deadly 1883 explosion of Krakatoa in Indonesia, which spewed at least 10 cubic kilometers of material. (earthmagazine.org)
Like Krakatoa, these East African eruptions would have blanketed the ground in ash and ejecta, disrupting habitats and water sources, and they would have left massive craters in the rift floor, Hutchison says. (earthmagazine.org)

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