Erbb 2 mammary tumor epidermal growth receptor erbb 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). (nih.gov)
Endogenous RPTPkappa associated with EGF receptor and HER2, resulting in suppression of basal and ErbB ligand-induced proliferation and receptor phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
The human protein is also frequently referred to as HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) or CD340 (cluster of differentiation 340). (wikipedia.org)
HER2 is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR/ERBB) family. (wikipedia.org)
But contrary to other members of the ERBB family, HER2 does not directly bind ligand. (wikipedia.org)
HER2 activation results from heterodimerization with another ERBB member or by homodimerization when HER2 concentration are high, for instance in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
HER2 is so named because it has a similar structure to human epidermal growth factor receptor, or HER1. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular cloning of the gene showed that HER2, Neu, and ErbB-2 are all encoded by the same orthologs. (wikipedia.org)
HER2 can heterodimerise with any of the other three receptors and is considered to be the preferred dimerisation partner of the other ErbB receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Signaling pathways activated by HER2 include: mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt) phospholipase C γ protein kinase C (PKC) Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) In summary, signaling through the ErbB family of receptors promotes cell proliferation and opposes apoptosis, and therefore must be tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled cell growth from occurring. (wikipedia.org)
To date, molecular classification of breast cancer based on the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 expression status in clinical setting to differentiate a prognosis and guide treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Analizar las diferencias en la presentación de variables clínico-patológicas, de acuerdo con la expresión proteica de GRB7, en tumores HER2 positivos en mujeres colombianas con cáncer de mama invasivo, diagnosticado entre los años 2013 y 2015 en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E (INC). Métodos. (bvsalud.org)
Se evaluó la expresión de los receptores hormonales (receptor de estrógeno (RE) y de progesterona (RP)), HER2, Ki67 y GRB7, mediante inmunohistoquímica (IHQ), y a partir de estos, se clasificaron los tumores en subtipos intrínsecos. (bvsalud.org)
Objective: To analyze differences in the presentation of clinicopathological variables according to GRB7 protein expression in HER2-positive tumors in Colombian patients with invasive ductal breast carcinomas diagnosed between 2013 and 2015 at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Bogotá, Colombia).Methods: A total of 158 breast cancer patients were included with a confirmed diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
A single pathologist evaluated the protein expression of hormone receptors (estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)), HER2, Ki67, and GRB7 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (bvsalud.org)
Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, HER2 and HER3 are over-expressed in 23277-43-2 IC50 a number of tumors, and their expression levels are associated with abnormal growth and poor clinical prognosis. (researchhunt.com)
While this has led to the development of a range of therapeutics targeting the HER2 receptor [15], the use of these drugs can often lead to resistance through a diverse set of mechanisms [16]. (researchhunt.com)
Caco-2 cells with a high expression of both HER2 and FASN were selected for functional characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
Caco-2 cells were transfected with either the FASN specific RNAi plasmid or the negative control RNAi plasmid, followed by the RT-qPCR and western blot to examine the expression of FASN, HER2, PI3K and Akt. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, the authors used DNA microarray to compare and identify genes induced by HER2 in mammary epithelial cell line with ectopic HER2 overexpression and breast cancer cell lines derived from patients with different level of HER2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
PI3K activity was thought to be the mediator of the HER2 control on FASN expression because LY294002, a known PI3K inhibitor, abrogated HER2 induced FASN protein production in the HER2 overexpressing normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
El trastuzumab es un anticuerpo monoclonal dirigido contra el receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano (Her2), el cual se encuentra sobreexpresado en aproximadamente el 20% del cáncer de mama invasivo. (aaoc.org.ar)
Los mecanismos de resistencia al trastuzumab se pueden agrupar en 4 categorías principales: A. Obstáculos para la unión del trastuzumab al dominio extracelular del Her2. (aaoc.org.ar)
In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between changes in Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) each receptor at recurrence, and smoking and the prognosis after recurrence. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that smoking may induce increased HER2 expression in recurrent breast tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
When determining the course of breast cancer treatment, it is important to evaluate the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction Epidermal development element receptor (EGFR) was the 1st discovered from the ErbB category of receptor tyrosine kinases with a total of four users: Erbb1/EGFR, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3 and ErbB4. (bio-biz-navi.com)
In this study, we aimed to determine the pattern of immunohistochemical profiles of IDC using oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) and proliferative index (Ki-67) biomarkers in our tertiary healthcare facility in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria given the dearth of its data in our environment. (bvsalud.org)
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of COX-2 and HER2 and determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters in surgically resected histologically diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer. (bvsalud.org)

ErbB-2 was named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B), the oncogene later found to code for EGFR. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of MAPK is initiated by one of the four ErbB receptors (ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EgfR), ErbB2-4), which leads to signaling through Raf (RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase), Mek (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) and Erk. (biomedcentral.com)
Streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) method was used to quantify protein expression of molecular markers (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)), molecular markers of proliferation (Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecular markers (matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), E-cadherin and downstream N-cadherin). (wjon.org)
No significant difference was observed in the expressions of ER, PR, HER-2, EGFR, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and the recurrence rate between two groups. (wjon.org)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is among the most well-studied signaling pathways in cancer progression. (bio-biz-navi.com)
General, we help with the hypothesis that fundamental adjustments in EGFR signaling between main and metastatic tumors, an activity we term the EGFR paradox, donate to the medically observed inherent level of resistance to EGFRi. (bio-biz-navi.com)
2 Since its finding, EGFR continues to be characterized like a mediator of a multitude of signal transduction occasions that control cell proliferation, migration and success. (bio-biz-navi.com)
3 Aberrant EGFR activation in tumor cells can derive from improved transcriptional manifestation 202825-46-5 manufacture and/or gene amplification. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Herein, we summarized the novel agents in tyrosine kinase inhibitors especially for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy aiming to provide a landscape of emerging agents for NSCLC as well as insights and perspectives for the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Besides estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, novel biomarkers have shown their prognostic and predictive values, complicating our understanding towards to the heterogeneity of such cancers. (jcancer.org)
The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
We performed a cost-minimization analysis to compare the cost of biomarker analysis for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status with immunohistochemistry versus STRAT4. (bvsalud.org)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes cell migration. (nih.gov)
Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Here,we show that mice with Cre-lox mediated deletions of both Erbb4 alleles within the developing mammary gland ( Erbb4 Flox/Flox Wap-Cre ) fail to accumulate lobuloalveoli or successfully engage lactation at parturition owing, in part, to impaired epithelial proliferation. (silverchair.com)
Association of c-erbB-2 protein over-expression with high rate of cell proliferation, increased risk of visceral metastasis and poor long-term survival in breast cancer. (aaoc.org.ar)
Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM. (lookformedical.com)
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma. (lookformedical.com)

Stratification of breast cancer patients according to the estrogen receptor (ER) status revealed that MACC1 was prognostic for both ER-negative and ER-positive patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Back to 1970s, breast cancer was divided into two subtypes according to the status of estrogen receptor (ER). (jcancer.org)
One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. (lookformedical.com)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB1) and related family member HER-2/ neu (ERBB2) are often overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and their overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) was first identified as a transcriptional activator for proto-oncogene c-MET expression, and its overexpression is frequently associated with metastatic progression for multiply tumor types. (biomedcentral.com)
PTEN/MMAC1 overexpression decreases insulin-like growth factor-I-mediated protection from apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. (musc.edu)
erbB-2 overexpression in human mammary epithelial cells confers growth factor independence. (musc.edu)
Overexpression of GAB2 in ovarian cancer cells promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis by upregulating chemokine expression. (musc.edu)

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. (lookformedical.com)
Protein Tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6/BRK) is overexpressed in the majority of human breast tumors and breast tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)

Rat Muc4, a homologue of human MUC4, has been extensively studied in mammary gland tumours and has been shown to play an important role in epithelial growth, cell differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, metastasis, and tumour apoptosis. (bmj.com)
33,34 Furthermore, the acknowledged growth-promoting functions of estrogen in BC are in conjunction with accounts of estrogen-induced apoptosis, termed the estrogen paradox perfectly examined in Jordan and Ford. (bio-biz-navi.com)
A bcl-xS adenovirus selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells compared to normal mammary cells. (musc.edu)

LRIG-1 is believed to negatively regulate the ErbB family of receptors. (novusbio.com)

Our studies were designed to evaluate the effect of ERBB inhibition on tumor cell motility and intravasation in vivo using clinically relevant small-molecule inhibitors. (aacrjournals.org)
ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibition rapidly (within 3 h) inhibits both tumor cell motility and intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
Using gefitinib, ERBB1 inhibition rapidly inhibits tumor cell motility and invasion but not intravasation, whereas ERBB2 inhibition by AG825 rapidly blocks intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibition can rapidly block tumor cell invasive properties. (aacrjournals.org)
These results indicate that ERBB inhibition should be considered for blocking other tumor cell malignant properties besides growth. (aacrjournals.org)
This may include oncomir (oncogenic miRNA) inhibition, or tumor suppressor-miRNA replacement therapies [ 6 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
These cells may be a key factor ultimately mediating the deviation of the antagonistic response between tumor inhibition and tumor promotion. (explorationpub.com)

In addition, 14 of the patients were the normal mammary gland and are also important in the development premenopausal (5 ER and 9 ER ) and 33 were postmenopausal (18 ER and progression of breast carcinoma. (lu.se)
The direct effect of a tobacco component delivered via blood circulation on the mammary gland tissue and subsequent DNA damage have been proposed to explain the association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
One proposed explanation for this link between cigarettes and breast cancer carcinogenesis suggests that a tobacco component is delivered directly to the mammary gland tissue via blood circulation, leading to DNA damage in the mammary gland cells [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, expression of PTK6 has not been extensively examined in the normal human mammary gland. (oncotarget.com)
We detected PTK6 mRNA and protein expression in the immortalized normal MCF-10A human mammary gland epithelial cell line, and examined PTK6 expression and activation in a normal human breast tissue microarray, as well as in human breast tumors. (oncotarget.com)
Similar to findings in the prostate, we detect nuclear and cytoplasmic PTK6 in normal mammary gland epithelial cells, but no phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 342. (oncotarget.com)
PTK6 is expressed in the normal human mammary gland, but does not appear to be active and may have kinase-independent functions that are distinct from its cancer promoting activities at the membrane. (oncotarget.com)

Downstream signaling from these receptors proceeds TSPAN10 via tyrosine phosphorylation. (bio-biz-navi.com)
However, in human breast tumors, striking PTK6 expression and phosphorylation of tyrosine 342 is observed at the plasma membrane. (oncotarget.com)

The epidermal growth factor receptor family (ERBB) is overexpressed in a wide variety of tumor types and is correlated with poor prognosis. (aacrjournals.org)

Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that normally resides in the membranes of cells and is encoded by the ERBB2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
lacks kinase domain), and erbB-4. (wikipedia.org)
Choline kinase (ChoK) is increased in human mammary tumors with high incidence, and this activation is associated with clinical variable indicators of greater malignancy. (aacrjournals.org)
Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion that breast cancer disease can be viewed as a biological process that is driven by overactive human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has led to development of various anti-HER tyrosine kinase agents. (biomedcentral.com)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Erk pathway plays a central role in cell communication: it orchestrates signaling from external receptors to internal transcriptional machinery, which leads to changes in phenotype [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the ErbB receptors integrate a diverse array of signals, both at the cell surface level and through cross-talk with other pathways, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Pi3k) pathway [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins. (univ-amu.fr)
Rapid Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Activity of Membrane Integrated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Using the Yeast Gγ Recruitment System, ACS Synth Biol. (adooq.cn)
Herein, we summarize emerging agents including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and other potential immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell for non-small cell lung cancer attempting to provide insights and perspectives of the future in anticancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor, a well-known biomarker for targeted therapy at present, was first brought up with potential clinical responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in 2004[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Claudia earned her PhD (Dr. rer.nat) at the Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, where she trained in cancer signaling, and identified crucial regulators of growth factor receptor kinase signaling. (stanford.edu)
b) 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (but not tamoxifen), genistein (but not genistin), daidzein, and probably other nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents could up-regulate expression of p27 via receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinosite-dependent kinase (PDK), Akt/PKB and mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)
Met and c-Src cooperate to compensate for loss of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in breast cancer cells. (musc.edu)
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase recruitment by p185erbB-2 and erbB-3 is potently induced by neu differentiation factor/heregulin during mitogenesis and is constitutively elevated in growth factor-independent breast carcinoma cells with c-erbB-2 gene amplification. (musc.edu)

Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of MACC1 expression with the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis classifications as well as the clinical staging in breast cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)
We confirm by western blot that a subset of these targets is highly expressed in ACP primary tumor samples. (biomedcentral.com)

namely, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, and the recently described mucin MUC17, which share a C-terminal structural domain that consists of two or three epithelial growth factor (EGF)-like regions, a transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic tail. (bmj.com)

Using in vivo mouse models of breast cancer, we test the effects of ERBB1 and ERBB2 inhibitors AC480 and lapatinib, ERBB1 inhibitor gefitinib, and ERBB2 inhibitor AG825 on in vivo tumor cell invasive properties in mammary fat pad tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, we differentiate for the first time the contributions of ERBB1 and ERBB2 to the key metastatic properties of in vivo tumor cell invasion and intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)

Analysis of the mammary differentiation factor STAT5 by immunohistochemistry and western blot revealed a complete ablation of STAT5 activation in Erbb4 Flox/Flox Wap-Cre mammary epithelium at parturition. (silverchair.com)
Cells which lack ER expression at diagnosis arise from an ER compart- were harvested at 60 - 80% confluency and used as a reference in all hybrid- ment within the mammary epithelium or represent evolution from an izations. (lu.se)
It is widely expressed, and appears on the surface of prostatic epithelium, endothelial cells, vascular and visceral smooth muscle, mammary epithelium, cardiac muscle, keratinocytes and neurons. (novusbio.com)

Insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor independence in human mammary carcinoma cells with c-erbB-2 gene amplification and progressively elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated p185erbB-2. (wikidata.org)
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST . (lookformedical.com)
The role of Ha-ras oncogenes in growth factor independence in rat mammary carcinoma cells. (musc.edu)
Development of mammary hyperplasia, dysplasia, and invasive ductal carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the 8p11 amplicon oncogene NSD3. (musc.edu)

Clinical studies using ERBB inhibitors have focused on tumor growth effects, but ERBBs can contribute to malignancy independent of their effects on tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
The HER/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases drives critical responses in normal physiology and cancer, and the expression levels of the various HER receptors are critical determinants of clinical outcomes. (researchhunt.com)
While the importance 23277-43-2 IC50 of HER expression levels has been established for clinical prognosis and drug resistance, the mechanistic link between receptor expression, HER activation and downstream consequences is not as clear yet. (researchhunt.com)
However, there were no differences in the parameters of age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, tumor size, histological grade of cancer and clinical pathological features between the two groups. (wjon.org)
Data from epidemiology, clinical studies and non-clinical studies suggested that metformin can help improve the outcome of the treatment of breast cancer [ 2 - 7 ]. (wjon.org)
To obtain an independent test set, the remaining 11 of the 58 tumors were selected from an ongoing clinical trial and used here as a blinded sion via ER,3 however the details of the estrogen effect on down- test set. (lu.se)
Breast cancer is a complex disease encompassing multiple tumor entities, each characterized by distinct morphology, behavior and clinical implications. (jcancer.org)
Different breast tumor subtypes have different risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological features, outcome, and response to systemic therapies [ 3 - 8 ]. (jcancer.org)
As tumors are not conceivable as a single disease, breast cancer with different diagnostic features should differ in the hallmarks controlling their clinical differences. (jcancer.org)
3, 4 Several tumour vaccines directed against MUC1 core protein, oligosaccharides, or MUC1 cDNAs have been shown to stimulate immune reactions in basic clinical trials to confer antitumour activity. (bmj.com)
However, changes in the receptor expression patterns over the course of treatment can present clinical challenges. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)

RNA interference (RNAi) of PTPRK accelerated cell cycle progression, enhanced response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and abrogated TGF-beta-mediated antimitogenesis. (nih.gov)
Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)

Sustaining proliferative signaling' further differentiates cancers with positive hormone receptors. (jcancer.org)
Even with continual advances in drug discovery and delivery technologies that have substantially improved outcomes in systemic cancers, there has been disappointingly little impact on tumors of the brain. (nature.com)
Thus, there is an urgent need to innovate new strategies to safely manage or treat brain cancers and therein a substantial need for a better understanding of how brain tumor dissemination can be limited or controlled. (nature.com)
PTK6 was identified in human metastatic breast cancer [ 2 ], and is overexpressed in the majority of human breast cancers and in most breast tumor cell lines [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
For example, the pancreatic cancers cell series MIA PaCa-2 includes a homozygous deletion of and ectopic appearance of ARID1B significantly inhibited colony development and anchorage unbiased growth from the Rabbit Polyclonal to MAEA cells [84]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Several research indicated that SMARCA4 appearance is normally elevated in pancreatic cancers tissue [83,85,86] (Desk 2). (morainetownshipdems.org)

However, these defects fail to explain the incredible heterogeneity and immune suppression observed in malignant brain tumors, two major hurdles to their treatment, which remains mostly palliative. (stanford.edu)
Cooperative interactions of HER-2 and HPV-16 oncoproteins in the malignant transformation of human mammary epithelial cells. (musc.edu)

Dimerisation results in the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain of the receptors and initiates a variety of signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)
Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)

Given the lack of access, and the dispersed nature of brain tumor cells, we explore the possibility of electric fields inducing directed tumor cell migration. (nature.com)
We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
It is known that brain tumor cells, on the other hand, defy many general principles of neurobiology. (stanford.edu)

Hot spot" peptide Ag-specific T-cells preferentially recognized endogenous tumor derived MUC1, either in MUC1 expressing tumor cell killing assays (p=0.038, compared to non-peptide Ag-specific T-cells) or as MUC1 tumor lysate when pulsed onto restimulatory PBMC (p=0.022 and 0.025, for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, respectively, compared to T-cells directed against peptides from non-hot spot regions). (ndltd.org)

ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene originally isolated from the avian genome. (wikipedia.org)
The Her-2/neu gene and protein in breast cancer 2003: biomarker and target of therapy. (aaoc.org.ar)
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Using mRNA microarray gene expression analysis of 15 ACP patient samples, we have found several pharmaceutical targets that are significantly and consistently overexpressed in our panel of ACP relative to other pediatric brain tumors, pituitary tumors, normal pituitary and normal brain tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimental drugs targeting each of these gene products are currently being tested clinically and pre-clinically for the treatment of other tumor types. (biomedcentral.com)
ARID1B appearance is normally low in PDAC tumors (Desk 2), as well as the gene is normally proposed to truly have a tumor-suppressive function. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Consistent with disrupted STAT5 function, Erbb4 Flox/Flox Wap-Cre mammary glands at parturition failed to express the mammary epithelial differentiation marker NPT2B. (silverchair.com)
Estrogens are important regulators of growth and differentiation in (range, 0 -9 fmol/mg protein, median 0.7). (lu.se)
In general, mucins have the unique function of protecting and lubricating epithelial surfaces, but in recent years they have also been implicated in additional diverse roles, such as growth, fetal development, epithelial renewal and differentiation, epithelial integrity, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. (bmj.com)
Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)

Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) was first identified to be overexpressed in primary and metastatic tumor specimens of colon cancer as compared to normal colon mucosa and was found to be indicative of metastasis as well as poor survival of the patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients who maintained high immunoreactivity for anti-MUC1 antibody had a better prognosis, whereas those with an increase in anti-MUC3 immunoreactivity had a poorer prognosis, as judged by tumour size, serosal invasion, and metastasis. (bmj.com)
In 2005, the first-ever trial combining small molecular targeted agent known as bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, with doublet chemotherapy, had shown superiority of overall survival with this treatment modality in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients without brain metastasis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Although patient survival for breast cancer has been improved in recent decades[ 9 ], the outcome of patients with metastatic breast cancer remains poor with a median overall survival time of 2 to 3 years[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Breast cancer is still one of the most important tumors among women in industrialized countries. (aacrjournals.org)
The present study aimed to review the use of hypoglycemic drugs and clinicopathological data in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate the effect of metformin on the clinicopathological features of breast cancer in patient with T2DM. (wjon.org)
By estimate, about 15% of breast cancer patients are accompanied by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [ 8 ]. (wjon.org)
Evading growth suppressors', 'enabling replicative immortality', 'inducing angiogenesis' and 'tumor-promoting inflammation' have not been involved in breast cancer classification which need more focus in the future biomarker-related research. (jcancer.org)
Pathologic finding from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project: prognostic significance of erbB-2 protein expression in primary breast cancer. (aaoc.org.ar)
Randomized phase II trial of the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab combined with docetaxel in patients with human epidermal growth factor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer administered as first-line treatment: the M77001 study group. (aaoc.org.ar)
Given the potential effects of tobacco components on breast cancer cell traits, we hypothesized that smoking may contribute to these changes in receptor expression in recurrent disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important. (lookformedical.com)
A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. (lookformedical.com)
Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report shows that these agents fairly faithfully up-regulate expression of p27 in mouse epidermal (JB6) and human breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-321, and AU565) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
p38MAPK-activated AKT in HER-2 overexpressing human breast cancer cells acts as an EGF-independent survival signal. (musc.edu)
erbB family receptor expression and growth regulation in a newly isolated human breast cancer cell line. (musc.edu)
Zhang SMHankinson SEHunter DJGiovannucci ELColditz GAWillett WC Folate intake and risk of breast cancer characterized by hormone receptor status. (jamanetwork.com)

We determined unknown model parameters by analyzing HER activation data collected in a panel of human mammary epithelial cells that express different levels of the HER molecules. (researchhunt.com)
The model enables us to quantitatively link HER expression levels to receptor dimerization and activation. (researchhunt.com)
It has been shown that the growth factors, hormones and activation of their receptors increased FASN transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member. (lookformedical.com)
Proper immune development creates a basis for a resilient immune system, which balances immune tolerance and activation, while driving away from the type 2 phenotype and thus lowering allergy risk. (mdpi.com)

We hypothesized that many tumor associated antigens (Ag) are readily susceptible to immune attack, but only in the context of identifying the tumor antigen epitopes that can reliably initiate an immune response, regardless of individual patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype restrictions. (ndltd.org)
We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
Y-box-binding protein 1 confers EGF independence to human mammary epithelial cells. (musc.edu)
however, such operational efficiencies are unlikely, and more laboratories are pursuing human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 analysis as targeted therapies become increasingly available. (bvsalud.org)

These experiments temporally and molecularly separate two key stages in tumor cell entry into blood vessels: invasion and intravasation. (aacrjournals.org)
Neu is so named because it was derived from a rodent glioblastoma cell line, a type of neural tumor. (wikipedia.org)
Author Summary A family of cell surface molecules called the HER receptor family plays important roles in normal physiology and cancer. (researchhunt.com)
These receptors convert signals received from the extracellular environment into cell decisions such as growth and survival C a process termed signal transduction. (researchhunt.com)
The HER receptor expression profile is a critical determinant of cell behavior [6], [7], and outcomes in cancer pathology. (researchhunt.com)
1, 2 Most studies of MUC1 expression in breast carcinomas have shown that increased membrane MUC1 mucin expression on the apical cell surface is associated with a better prognosis (reviewed in Rahn and colleagues 2 ), whereas circumferential staining in tumour cell cytoplasm is associated with a worse prognosis. (bmj.com)
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)
1 ErbB users type homo- and heterodimeric cell-surface receptors with original extracellular domains yielding ligand-binding specificity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, it is necessary to select a tumor cell line suitable for the purpose of the study by considering the cell characteristics. (bslonline.org)
2 × 10 5 cells/mL of each colorectal cancer cell was seeded into a 35 mm cell culture dish. (bslonline.org)
HER-2 signaling, acquisition of growth factor independence, and regulation of biological networks associated with cell transformation. (musc.edu)
BRCA1 protein level is not affected by peptide growth factors in MCF10A cell line. (musc.edu)
T cell homing to tumors detected by 3D-coordinated positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (mdc-berlin.de)
γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)
Likewise, knockdown marketed the growth-factor unbiased growth in regular individual pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) cell series [20]. (morainetownshipdems.org)

BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)
To further understand electrotactic migration of tumor cells, we performed RNA-sequencing for pathway discovery to identify signaling that is differentially affected by the exposure of direct-current electrical fields. (nature.com)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
Preliminary studies using in vivo model of MNU-induced rat mammary cancer and in vitro model of cultured cells had suggested - but not proved - that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents, including moderate dietary restriction, up-regulated the expression of p27 (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
Progress regarding our understanding of the biological drivers of ACP growth has been slowed by the relative rarity of the tumor and the recalcitrance of ACP cells to laboratory growth. (biomedcentral.com)
This study investigated the levels of CXCL10, which were recently been reported to play an important role in the outcome of tumor treatment, secreted by colon cancer cells. (bslonline.org)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)
Similar to αβ T cells, γδ T cells also develop in embryos, and their intra-thymic development shows strict regulation and flexible plasticity [ 2 ]. (explorationpub.com)

Indeed, tumour responses induced by HER1 TKIs are infrequent and transient, with sensitive patients rapidly developing secondary resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

35 Another well-established change in function in BC is usually that of changing development factor-beta (TGF-) where it features as a robust tumor suppressor in main tumors but drives disease development within the metastatic establishing. (bio-biz-navi.com)

Total RNA from tumors the expression of thousands of genes (3) to address complex questions was isolated using two successive rounds of Trizol. (lu.se)
Genes mainly involved in coding adhesion molecules and growth factors have also been found to be upregulated in other types of CAFs, including colon ( 12 ) and pancreatic ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, together with clinicopathological variables such as tumor size, tumor grade, nodal involvement, histologic type, and surgical margins, have been widely used for prognosis, prediction and treatment selection [ 9 , 10 ]. (jcancer.org)
METHODS: Fifty-three paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of colorectal resections and corresponding patient information were retrieved from the archives of the Anatomic and Molecular Pathology Department of Lagos University Teaching Hospital.A 4-micron slide section was obtained from each specimen and immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and HER-2 expression was performed. (bvsalud.org)
Desk 2 Overview of immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation for subunits of ATP-dependent chromatin redecorating complexes in PDAC individual examples. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Likewise, deletion in mice PDAC tumors (mutant and hemizygous deletion in mice with pancreatic appearance of turned on KRAS led to IPMN that advanced to PDAC [49,82]. (morainetownshipdems.org)
Further research showed that lack of SMARCA4 in various other and pancreatic tumors is normally connected with E-cadherin reduction, vimentin upregulation, and AG-99 EMT [98]. (morainetownshipdems.org)

Furthermore, the effect of growth factors, hormones and their receptors on FASN expression involves a complicated downstream signaling and crosstalk between multiple signal transduction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms15

Diseases52

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care3

HER232

EGFR9

Progesterone receptor3

Proliferation7

Estrogen receptor3

Overexpression5

Protein tyrosi2

Apoptosis3

Family of receptors1

Inhibition7

Gland7

Phosphorylation2

Factor receptor family1

Kinase15

Primary tumor2

Transmembrane1

ERBB22

Epithelium3

Carcinoma4

Clinical12

Progression2

Cancers6

Malignant2

Cytoplasmic1

Microenvironment3

Brain tumor cells3

Expressing tumor cell1

Gene6

Differentiation5

Metastasis3

Breast cancer14

Activation5

Human4

Cell18

Cells9

HER11

Suppressor1

Genes2

Immunohistochemistry3

Pancreatic2

Signal Transduction1