Epstein barr virus encoded rna polymerase iii. Medical search. Frequent questions

Fig. 3: EBER expression levels vary after infection with different EBV strains. (nature.com)
Richard Ambinder pioneered the application of EBER in situ hybridisation to the detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in clinical specimens in 1990. (wikipedia.org)
EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
We collected clinical data from 31 patients with histologically confirmed NPC and evaluated their samples for EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) expression using the chromosomal in situ hybridization (CISH) technique. (biomedpress.org)
Pathology of his appendix by immunostaining revealed anaplastic cells strongly positive for CD3, CD56 together with strong focal EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) staining (Figures 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 ). (biomedcentral.com)

POLR3C plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses.POLR3C acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. (thermofisher.com)
These two RNAs are transcribed by the host's RNA polymerase III during latent infection of EBV. (wikipedia.org)
Demonstration of Epstein-Barr virus infection by in situ hybridization within tumor cell remains critical for the diagnosis. (allenpress.com)
The mechanism for Epstein-Barr virus infection of progenitor cells and neoplastic transformation has been an area of interest and conjecture. (allenpress.com)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, malaria, immunodeficiency and spontaneous, somatic mutation can all contribute to the origin and maintenance of this cancer and their mechanisms are the subject of this review. (bmj.com)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in Viet Nam, and its pathogenesis is closely associated with Epstein?Barr virus (EBV) infection. (biomedpress.org)
Remarkably, EBV-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in latently-infected cells and serve important function in viral infection and pathogenesis. (ijbs.com)
to determine the average age of ms onset vs the age at which epstein-barr infection has previously occurred and stratify this analysis by sex and the blood level of epstein-barr nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1) antibody. (liverpool.ac.uk)
It is debated whether multiple sclerosis (MS) might result from an immunopathological response toward an active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection brought into the central nervous system (CNS) by immigrating B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A negative result does not exclude infection, and this test may be affected by cross-reactions with other pathogens, such as adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and measles viruses. (medscape.com)
Virus infection is initiated by the interaction between S protein and host cell surface receptors. (newvita.com)
HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)

These observations provide a mechanistic molecular link between M81 virus replication-a central viral function and a cancer risk factor-and the production of a chemokine involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
Plants and invertebrates employ their miRNA in defense against viruses by targeting and degrading viral products. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we show that for several of the 135 known viral miRNAs in human viruses, the human genes targeted by the viral miRNA are enriched for specific host pathways whose targeting is likely beneficial to the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Given that viral miRNAs continue to be discovered as technologies evolve, we extended the investigation to 6809 putative miRNAs encoded by 23 human viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
c) Virus encoded miRNAs target viral genes to mediate immune evasion or maintenance of latency. (biomedcentral.com)
It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
The term "killed" is applied to certain viral vaccines, thus implying an official conviction that viruses live. (medcraveonline.com)
Replication of the viral RNA takes place inside the nucleus. (biologydiscussion.com)
Moreover, recent research has shown that even viruses which were hitherto believed not to persist after an acute infectious episode are capable of long-term viral persistence. (investinme.org)
Nora Chapman et al from the Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, have shown that human enteroviruses Coxsackie B can naturally delete sequence from the 5' end of the RNA genome and that this deletional mechanism results in long-term viral persistence, which has substantially altered the previously held view (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2440640/?tool=pubmed). (investinme.org)
For example, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68)-encoded miRNAs are located downstream of viral tRNAs and transcribed by RNA Pol III [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
HCMV infections, all accepted antiviral medications presently, such as for example ganciclovir, valganciclovir, cidofovir, and foscarnet inhibit viral DNA replication by concentrating on the viral DNA polymerase pUL54 [2]. (niepokorny.org)
As released by our group lately, substitute initiation of translation at codons M1, M74, and M175 leads to the appearance of three pUL97 isoforms, with partially specific properties with regards to legislation of viral MBV and replication susceptibility [32,33,34]. (niepokorny.org)

The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway. (thermofisher.com)
The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) are small non-coding RNAs localized in the nucleus of human cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (wikipedia.org)
First discovered in 1981, EBERs are the most abundant RNAs present in infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent development of in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques to detect EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) facilitated the detection of EBV in cancer tissues ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Lerner, M. R., Andrews, N. C., Miller, G. & Steitz, J. A. Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus and complexed with protein are precipitated by antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (nature.com)
E(spl) region transcript m4 ) m4 and malpha are structurally related, whilst m2 encodes a novel protein. (sdbonline.org)
Commonly composed of either DNA or RNA cores with protein coverings, and having no inherent reproductive ability, viruses depend upon the host for replication. (medcraveonline.com)
OFR2 encodes a protein of ~14 kDa, which is involved in virion assembly due to the presence of predicted N-terminal coiled-coil domain 1 . (nature.com)
We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
They are usually generated from either exons or introns of both protein-coding and non-coding transcripts that are processed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2. (elifesciences.org)
The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit and is a type I membrane protein. (cancer-genetics.org)
The use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. (cancer-genetics.org)
We have previously shown that the MHV68 M2 protein is important for virus reactivation from B cells and, when expressed alone in primary murine B cells, can drive B cell differentiation towards a pre-plasma cell phenotype. (prelekara.sk)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that have been termed "master regulators of the genome" given their significance in post-transcriptional gene regulation, and roles in a multitude of normal and disease processes. (amegroups.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, typically 21-23 nucleotides long, that function in post-transcriptional gene regulation typically through translation inhibition and/or mRNA degradation ( 1 ). (amegroups.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are regulatory genes that target and repress other RNA molecules via sequence-specific binding. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ~22nt non-coding regulatory genes that target other RNA molecules via sequence-specific hybridization, which results either in translation inhibition (an imperfect target miRNA sequence match) or in cleavage and degradation of the targeted RNA (a perfect target miRNA sequence match) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expression and that are frequently dysregulated in tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Wang Y, Ding H, Qian L. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs as regulators in host immune responses. (ijbs.com)
EBV is the first human virus that has the capability to encode microRNAs (miRNAs). (ijbs.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of small non-coding RNAs with a length of 21-23 nucleotides (nt) [ 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that generally regulate gene expression by binding to the 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR) of their targets, resulting in silencing [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Advances in miRNA profiling techniques have highlighted the significance of both EBV- and human genome-encoded miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NPC. (amegroups.org)
Viruses also encode miRNAs and there is evidence to suggest that virus-encoded miRNAs target specific host genes and pathways that may be beneficial for their infectivity and/or proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, many of the same pathways are also targeted in mice by miRNAs encoded by murine viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
There are known instances of viruses using their endogenous miRNAs to target their own genes to evade host immune system's surveillance and maintain latency (Figure 1c ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Exceptionally, a minority of miRNAs are derived from RNA Pol III transcripts. (ijbs.com)

These effects were strictly dependent on a functional Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a sensor of single-stranded RNA located in the endosome of these cells. (nature.com)
and, a second hemi-duplex polynucleotide comprising a third polynucleotide strand hybridized to a fourth polynucleotide strand to form a duplex portion, each polynucleotide strand having a 5′ end and a 3′ end, the 3′ end of the third polynucleotide strand forming a single stranded portion having a region of complementarity to the duplex portion of the second polynucleotide strand of the first hemi-duplex polynucleotide and comprising a second label. (justia.com)
In some embodiments, a single stranded portion of a first hemi-duplex polynucleotide is at least three nucleotides longer than the GC clamp of the first hemi-duplex polynucleotide. (justia.com)
SARS-CoV-2 is a spherical, enveloped, single-stranded positive RNA virus with a diameter of 80 nm-160 nm and a genome size of 29.9 kb [ 8 ]. (newvita.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

In Drosophila, the majority of Notch target genes known so far is located in the Enhancer of split complex , encoding small basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins that presumably act as transcriptional repressors. (sdbonline.org)
RNA, lipids, and proteins. (who.int)
They must utilize the nucleic acids of living cells they infect to reproduce their proteins (i.e., trick the host into producing them), which are then assembled into new viruses like cars on an assembly line. (medcraveonline.com)
The dsDNA encodes the early proteins and capsid proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)
The rRNA precursor (47S) can be synthesized from the genes by RNA polymerase I and assembled with ribosomal proteins to form Nepicastat HCl supplier the 90S pre-ribosome. (bioinbrief.com)
It is estimated that 200 proteins are involved in assembling the mature ribosomes [3]. (bioinbrief.com)
Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
4) indicates integrated in Table 4 for the clinical three proteins. (scoutconnection.com)
ADOS Proteins kinases are putative goals of brand-new herpesviral drugs because of their important function in the legislation of HCMV replication [3,4,5,6,7,8]. (niepokorny.org)

Spontaneous lytic replication and epitheliotropism define an Epstein-Barr virus strain found in carcinomas. (nature.com)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
This previously unknown and unsuspected aspect of enterovirus replication provides an explanation for reports of enteroviral RNA detected in diseased tissue in the apparent absence of virus particles" (Journal of IiME 2009:3:1). (investinme.org)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Rubella Virus Replication and Links to TeratogenicityJIA-YEE LEE* ANDD. (vdocuments.net)
Along with CDK1 and -2, CDK7 and -9 are necessary for effective HCMV replication and had been discovered upregulated in HCMV-infected cells [3,12,13,14,15]. (niepokorny.org)

The ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are central towards the ribosome framework and function [2]. (bioinbrief.com)
A radiolabeled DNA probe detects M pneumoniae ribosomal RNA in respiratory secretions with 90% sensitivity. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, in transcripts of both Brd and m4 there are three common regulatory sequence motifs within the 3' UTR. (sdbonline.org)

This paper reviews the clinicopathologic features of this uncommon neoplasm with detailed discussion of the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis. (allenpress.com)
This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19. (newvita.com)
In this review, we summarized the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, virus structure and targeting strategies of COVID-19, with emphasis on the re-purposing of clinically approved drugs and Chinese herbal medicines that may be used to treat COVID-19 and provide new ideas for the discovery of small molecular compounds with potential therapeutic effects on COVID-19. (newvita.com)

Our analysis further suggests that human viruses have evolved their miRNA repertoire to target specific human pathways, such as cell growth, axon guidance, and cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our results suggest that viruses may have evolved their miRNA repertoire to target specific host pathways as a means for their survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 1 depicts all possible miRNA-mediated interactions between a virus and the host. (biomedcentral.com)
We compared the genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of whole blood-derived RNA samples between patients with arecoline-induced cancer and healthy volunteers using the raw data in the NCBI GEO databases ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ). (biomedcentral.com)

As in m4 , the sequence motif of the Brd box is found twice in the 3'-UTR of malpha mRNA at similar positions but without a GY box. (sdbonline.org)
Polyadenylation (addition of poly A) takes place at 3′ end of mRNA which is not coded by the mRNAs. (biologydiscussion.com)
Pre-mRNA splicing requires the bridging of the 5' and 3' ends of the intron. (embl.de)

RNA viruses are limited in genomic size due in part to error prone RNA polymerases. (biomedcentral.com)
lymphoblastoid cell lines (lcls) transformed by epstein-barr virus (ebv) serve as an unlimited resource of human genomic dna. (liverpool.ac.uk)

understanding epstein-barr virus life cycle with proteomics: a temporal analysis of ubiquitination during virus reactivation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Reactivation of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) from latently infected B cells has been linked to plasma cell differentiation. (prelekara.sk)
In the context of previous findings, the data presented here provides insights into how M2 facilitates plasma cell differentiation and subsequent virus reactivation. (prelekara.sk)

POLR3C is a specific core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. (thermofisher.com)
Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that these accumulated lymphocytes mainly comprised small- to medium-sized T cells expressing CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, and CD103, but lacking CD8, CD56, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs. (springeropen.com)
Although the principal mode by which people are infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is through exposure to respiratory droplets and very small particles carrying infectious virus, contaminated surfaces might play a role in transmission. (cdc.gov)

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of endogenous banana streak virus in the B genome of Musa spp. (nature.com)
Presence of the integrated endogenous banana streak virus (eBSV) in the B genome of plantain (AAB) is a major challenge for breeding and dissemination of hybrids. (nature.com)
It is an unenveloped, non-covalently closed, bacilliform double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus with a monopartite genome of ~7.2-7.8 kb encoding three open-reading frames (ORFs). (nature.com)
It also restricts germplasm movement of genotypes with the B genome worldwide due to this potential activation of eBSV into the episomal infectious form of virus. (nature.com)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

Virus enters the cell and migrates to the nucleus where it replicates. (biologydiscussion.com)
Virus enters the cell and directly migrates to the nucleus. (biologydiscussion.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

Pathology of the appendix showed large cells positive for CD3, CD56 and Epstein Barr Virus-encoded RNA staining, and negative for CD20 and CD30. (biomedcentral.com)

All three genes depend on Su(H) for initiation and/or maintenance of transcription. (sdbonline.org)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
Four latency types (0, I, II, III) are defined depending on the expression pattern of EBV latent genes, and at the same time are linked to a particular tumor type [ 6 , 7 ]. (ijbs.com)

EBV was the first virus to be associated with human malignancy, which was discovered from a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line in 1964 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the human herpesvirus family, was initially identified in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in 1964 [ 1 , 2 ]. (ijbs.com)

Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoprotein 110 inhibits NF-κB activation by interacting with NF-κB subunit p65. (nih.gov)

Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of the diseasecommonly known as German measles. (vdocuments.net)

S V40 is an oncogenic virus. (biologydiscussion.com)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that infects over 90% of the world's adult population. (ijbs.com)

Human herpesvirus 8, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus , mens from patients who had had mediastinal or cervical lymph and Coxsackie B) (2). (cdc.gov)
Similarly, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be detected in the presence of other known bacterial pathogens. (medscape.com)

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor is an uncommon neoplasm associated with immunodeficiency. (allenpress.com)
It has been described in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, in the posttransplant setting, and in those with congenital immunodeficiency. (allenpress.com)
1 Subsequently, Chadwick et al 2 reported SMT in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and asserted the association between HIV and these rare neoplasms. (allenpress.com)
and (3) congenital immunodeficiency disorder-associated SMT. (allenpress.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus-SMT, which accounts for the majority of the reported cases so far, is most frequently encountered in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and liver, skin, and larynx/lungs/pharynx. (allenpress.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)

The Epstein-Barr virus M81 strain, isolated from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma, induces potent spontaneous virus production in infected B cells. (nature.com)
Thus, M81 induced chronic inflammation in its target cells and this resulted in increased virus production. (nature.com)
The uniformity of the numbers of terminal repeats (TRs) among EBV positive carcinoma cells reflects the clonal origin of a tumor and suggests that EBV is a causative virus for gastric carcinoma ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Viruses depend upon the molecular machinery of the cells they infect. (biomedcentral.com)
I believe that the main reason (ME)CFS patients are symptomatic is due to continuing inflammatory response toward viruses living within the cells, enteroviruses in most of the cases I see. (investinme.org)
A virus is a microscopic organism that lives within the cells of another living organism. (investinme.org)
Viruses cause disease at the most basic level, by damaging the cells of living things. (investinme.org)
The process starts by immunizing mice with a synthesized peptide from human c-Jun, followed by extraction of spleen cells' RNA under aseptic conditions. (cusabio.com)
3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
Intranuclear inclusions often exist in cells infected with DNA viruses. (medscape.com)
Cytoplasmic inclusions usually are present in cells infected with RNA viruses. (medscape.com)
Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
RELA tunes innate-like interferon I/III responses in human T cells. (nih.gov)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)

Papovaviruses are one of the four important dsDNA viruses (e.g. papovaviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses) which produce tumour in many animals. (biologydiscussion.com)

It is found twice in the 3'-UTR of malpha and once each in the 3' UTRs of m2 and m6 (Wurmbach, 1999). (sdbonline.org)

We performed polymerase chain reaction analysis, for Mycobacterium species 16S rRNA, rpoB , and IS 6110 sequences, on 25 tissue specimens from patients with sarcoidosis and on 25 control tissue speci- mens consisting of mediastinal or cervical lymph nodes and lung biopsies. (cdc.gov)
In three specimens, the sequences resembled Mycobacterium species other than M. tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus 4, is a gamma-herpes virus that consists of double-stranded DNA of ~170 kb in length. (spandidos-publications.com)
In relation to "CFS", the most-studied viruses have been the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and the Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6). (investinme.org)
HHV-1, also known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, causes primary herpetic gingivostomatitis, or oral herpes. (medscape.com)

Shortly afterwards, the original experimental protocol was replicated and optimized by several laboratories, confirming that iPSCs share the gene expression profile, epigenetic modifications, and proliferation rates as well as the pluripotency of ESCs [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

RNA Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequently, bacteriologists all over the world began filtering for viruses, and a new area of biology was born-virology. (medcraveonline.com)

The term papova is derived from the first two letters of the three prototypes, papilloma virus, polyoma virus and simian vacuolating virus-40 (SV40). (biologydiscussion.com)

We found that the M81 non-coding Epstein-Barr-encoded RNA EBER2, which carries polymorphisms that are mainly restricted to viruses found in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinomas, markedly stimulated this process. (nature.com)
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) can be classified into three forms which differ in geographic distribution and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association: endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL) and HIV-associated BL ( table 1 ). (bmj.com)

A temperature sensitive mutation in yEMG1 could be suppressed by the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) [6] or deletion from the snR57 gene encoding a snoRNA necessary for 2′-O-ribose-methylation of G1570 in the 18S rRNA [7]. (bioinbrief.com)

Polyclonal serum antibodies bound multiple clusters but showed cluster-specific blockade activity in a surrogate virus neutralization assay. (cdc.gov)

Diagnosing unexplained hepatitis remains a challenge, as exemplified by 74 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology reported in children in the United Kingdom, 3 cases in Spain, and up to 5 possible cases in Ireland ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
We report a case of Epstein Barr Virus-positive, T-cell lymphoma in a renal transplant patient, presenting unusually as acute appendicitis. (biomedcentral.com)
We report a rare case of post-renal transplant large T-cell lymphoma, with an unusual presentation of acute appendicitis and Epstein Barr Virus-positivity, which responded well to chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Adeno-associated virus type 2 in US children with acute severe hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Acute leukemias induced by MLL chimeric oncoproteins are among the subset of cancers distinguished by a paradoxical dependence on GSK-3 kinase activity for sustained proliferation. (stanford.edu)

EBER1 and EBER2 are short, 167 and 172 nucleotides in length respectively, nuclear-enriched non-coding RNAs. (wikipedia.org)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique head and neck cancer that is frequently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (amegroups.org)

For inclusion in this study, the following criteria was used lary angiomatosis ( Bartonella henselae) (3) and Whipple's for patients with sarcoidosis: 1) clinical features had to be con- disease ( Tropheryma whippelii) (4). (cdc.gov)

In 1898 a Dutch botanist, Martinus Willem Beijerinck, repeating the experiment, also recognized that there was an invisible cause and named the infectious agent "tobacco mosaic virus. (medcraveonline.com)
He affirmed that these crystals could easily infect plants, and concluded that a virus was not a living organism, since it could be crystallized like salt and yet remain infectious. (medcraveonline.com)
Mailing address: Research and MolecularDevelopment Division, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Lab-oratory, Locked Bag 815, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia.Phone: 61-3-9342 2604. (vdocuments.net)

First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
Previous studies have found human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in the blood from patients in Europe and the USA(3-7), although it is unclear whether this virus is causative. (cdc.gov)
EBV infects more than 90% of the human population [ 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a human γ-herpesvirus associated with cancer, including burkitt lymphoma, nasopharyngeal, and gastric carcinoma. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Of the 260 swab samples collected, 6 (2.3%) samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (cdc.gov)
The cDNA synthesized by RNA reverse transcription is then used as a template for PCR amplification of the JUN antibody gene. (cusabio.com)
Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)

Over the past decade, developments in diagnostic techniques have led to a significant improvement in the ability to detect viruses in the respiratory tract. (medscape.com)

This review integrates most experimental studies and clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. (frontiersin.org)

DNA viruses have utilized several mechanisms to evade host defenses [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In 1990, Burke et al ( 3 ), first reported the association between EBV and gastric carcinoma with characteristic lymphoepithelioma-like histology based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, T cell receptor β gene rearrangement was detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis. (springeropen.com)
The tissue tested positive for T-cell receptor gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA polymerase and DNA ligase are required for the complementary chain. (biologydiscussion.com)
Optimized serodiagnosis of M pneumoniae using a new set of antigens has shown comparable sensitivity to positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. (medscape.com)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been shown to accurately diagnose atypical pneumonia and is becoming the criterion standard confirmatory test for M pneumoniae . (medscape.com)

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the seventh most common malignancy worldwide ( 3 ). (amegroups.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms32

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes74

Information Science4

Health Care2

EBER5

Infection14

Viral14

EBERs4

Protein10

MicroRNAs9

MiRNAs5

Single-stranded6

Proteins9

Replication7

Ribosomal2

Transcripts1

Pathogenesis3

MiRNA4

MRNA3

Genomic2

Reactivation3

Small3

Genome7

Nucleus3

CD561

Genes3

Burkitt's2

Subunit1

Measles1

Oncogenic virus2

Cytomegalovirus2

Immunodeficiency6

Cells14

DsDNA1

19991

Specimens2

Herpes3

Gene expression1

Prone1

Biology2

Simian va1

Endemic2

RRNA1

Antibodies1

Acute5

Nucleotides1

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma1

Clinical features1

Infectious3

Human4

Reverse3

Respiratory1

Diagnosis and treatment1

Mechanisms1

Chain6

Cancers1