Epitopes adjuvants carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most antigens have the potential to be bound by multiple antibodies, each of which is specific to one of the antigen's epitopes. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin-binding protein - Proteins such as protein A, protein G, and protein L that are capable of binding to antibodies at positions outside of the antigen-binding site. (wikipedia.org)
While antigens are the "target" of antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins "attack" antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
The AFFITOPE® formulation, the basis of SAIT, is administered to patients via a subcutaneous injection, which stimulates the generation of antibodies against the target proteins. (affiris.com)
The most promising approaches are based on antibodies specific for the relatively conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 and the intersubunit region of hemagglutinin. (cdc.gov)
While antibodies to the immunodominant, but highly variable, regions of HA and NA can provide potent virus strain-specific protection, the existence of weaker and more broadly protective immune activities directed to less variable regions of viral proteins has long been known ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
VLPs are highly immunogenic and can induce elevated titers of neutralizing antibodies, even without adjuvants, thanks to the maintenance of the native conformation of viral proteins presenting repetitive epitopes to the host immune system cells. (nature.com)
Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)

Classical conjugate vaccines require a target specific B cell epitope and a carrier protein providing T cell help to induce an efficient immune response. (tridem.at)
To ensure sufficient immunogenicity, adjuvants are added to conventional conjugate vaccines, which are then administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or subcutaneously (s.c. (tridem.at)
In contrast, the WISIT technology delivers peptide-based neoglucoconjugate vaccines specifically designed to target skin-derived dendritic cells (DCs) thereby avoiding the use of adjuvants required for vaccine efficacy. (tridem.at)
We defined six T-cell peptides found in Candida albicans cell wall proteins and conjugated each peptide, originally intended to act as a carrier to the fungal cell wall β-1,2- trisaccharide [β-(Man) 3 ] to create glycopeptide conjugate vaccines. (lsuhsc.edu)
Three of the peptide carriers also turned out to be excellent vaccines by themselves in that they induced protection against candidiasis. (lsuhsc.edu)
Actually, Kiessling have uncovered that polymeric multivalent ligands induce BCR clustering to activate B cell replies.39 The need for the lipid moiety for the self-adjuvating property was also recommended predicated on the adjuvant effects in a number of TACA-based vaccines.33,40C42 Intracellular TLR ligands and various other innate immune system ligands have already been also used in self-adjuvanting vaccines. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Both peptide and cell-based vaccines possess 193620-69-8 used several strategies: (1) epitopes together with carrier protein to improve immunogenicity, (2) adoptive T-cell transfer and (3) DCs pulsed with peptides. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Although the assembled VLPs do not have S protein spikes, they could be developed as formulations that can improve the immunogenicity of vaccines including S antigens, and further could be used as platforms that can carry S antigens of concern for various mutations. (nature.com)
Over one hundred vaccines using varied approaches including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated virus, attenuated virus, and virus like particles (VLPs) platforms are in clinical trials. (nature.com)
These protein subunits can assemble into virus particles without viral RNA genome in mammalian cells to study virus-cell entry 2 and to develop vaccines 3 . (nature.com)
This comprises of inactivated viruses, messenger RNA (mRNA), DNA vaccines, protein subunits, nonreplicating and replicating vector viral-like particles (VLP), and live attenuated vaccines. (springeropen.com)
The rapid emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus necessitated the development of vaccines targeting the spike protein in an unprecedented timeframe [ 20 ]. (springeropen.com)
It gives a full rundown of the current NP-based vaccines, their potential as adjuvants, and the ways they can be delivered to cells. (researchgate.net)
Compared to a clinically relevant prime-boost regimen with soluble vaccines formulated with CpG/alum or 3M-052/alum adjuvants, PNP hydrogel vaccines more rapidly generated higher, broader, and more durable antibody responses. (uw.edu)

Epitope - the distinct surface features of an antigen, its antigenic determinant. (wikipedia.org)
Using the "lock and key" metaphor, the antigen can be seen as a string of keys (epitopes) each of which matches a different lock (antibody). (wikipedia.org)
To investigate the use of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles in respirable sizes as carriers for Antigen 85B (Ag85B), a secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the ultimate goal of employing them in pulmonary delivery of tuberculosis vaccine. (rti.org)
Strategies, which have been designed to overcome this lack of immunogenicity in infants, include the linking of the polysaccharide to large immunogenic proteins, which provide bystander T-cell help and which induce immunological memory against the polysaccharide antigen to which it is conjugated. (allindianpatents.com)
Conjugation with Th epitopes can stimulate T cell-dependent immune system responses, such as for example antigen-specific B cell IgG and activation class switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Despite widespread uses of tetanus toxoid (TT) as a vaccine, model antigen and protein carrier, TT epitopes have been poorly characterized. (listlabs.com)
They are a mixture of immunoglobulin molecules secreted against a specific antigen , each recognising a different epitope . (wikidoc.org)
Most adjuvants provide for an injection site, antigen depot which allows for a slow release of antigen into draining lymph nodes. (wikidoc.org)
The present invention relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to a glycan on the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
The present invention also relates to antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment conjugated to a radioisotope or cytotoxin, and wherein said antigen-binding proteins, or antigen-binding fragment is internalised into a cell upon binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
Compositions comprising a physiologically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, therapeutic use of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof, methods for detecting cancer as well as kits when used in such methods are also provided. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that competes with the antigen binding protein as defined herein for binding to AXL receptor tyrosine kinase. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, as defined herein, comprising a radioisotope or a cytotoxin conjugated thereto. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided a composition comprising a physiologically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding protein, or antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined herein. (justia.com)
In one aspect, there is provided a use of an antigen-binding protein, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof as defined herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating cancer. (justia.com)
co-administration of StxB-antigen recombinant protein with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) will increase the efficiency of antigen supply during StxB-mediated internalization. (laaz.org)
George-Chandy A., Eriksson K., Lebens M., Nordstrom I., Schon E., Holmgren J. Cholera toxin B subunit as a carrier molecule promotes antigen presentation and will increase CD40 and CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells. (laaz.org)
This work has led to deciphering an alternative mode of antigen presentation, termed 'cross-dressing' and unravelling mechanisms contributing to epitope selection and CD8 T-cell immunodominance. (isv-online.org)
Injectable polymer-nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels are leveraged as a depot technology for the sustained delivery of a nanoparticle antigen (RND-NP) displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and potent adjuvants including CpG and 3M-052. (uw.edu)

The immunoprotective test in mice showed that the antibody levels of Pasteurella multocida inactivated vaccine, OmpH, ghost (aluminum glue adjuvant) and ghost (Freund's adjuvant) on day 9 after immunization were significantly different from those of the PBS control group (P (bvsalud.org)
Significantly, the co-administration of Freund's adjuvants with vaccine 1 was suggested to cause splenomegaly, containing increased variety of myeloid cells, which can include immature MDSCs or monocytes, to suppress expansion/differentiation into effector T cells and B cells (Fig. TACAs used in scientific trials are little T cell-independent antigens, they display poor immunogenicity and cannot induce immunoglobulin (Ig) course switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Immunization of mice with purified f88-M2e2-16 phages in the presence of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, induced robust M2e-specific serum IgG and protected BALB/c mice against challenge with human and avian influenza A viruses. (uu.nl)

Immunization strategies against this morbillivirus using recombinant adenoviruses expressing PPRV-F or -H proteins can protect PPRV-challenged animals and permit differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest that autoimmunity to insulin can occur infrequently via cross-reactivity to food proteins, but this form of IAA immunization does not appear to be associated with progression to diabetes. (shengsci.com)

T cell responses typically are directed against a relatively few immunodominant epitopes, although in some cases (e.g., infection with the malaria pathogen Plasmodium spp. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this diverse range of epitopes, individual responses were associated with only a few immunodominant epitopes, with each donor responding on average to 3 epitopes. (listlabs.com)

Our results demonstrated that the Y-5A15 remarkably enhanced the Aβ epitope immunogenicity and elicited high antibody titers against Aβ in AD mice. (mdpi.com)

WISIT constructs are unique as the vaccine backbone itself is the DC targeting/stimulating adjuvant (β-glucan), which is fused to variable, proprietary T helper and disease specific B cell peptide epitopes. (tridem.at)
However, the MAPs-4 system, in which four copies of the same peptide epitope are synthesized on a lysine-based core, does not require a carrier protein, as the dense packing of multiple copies of an epitope in combination with a high-molar ratio produces a robust immunological response. (lifetein.com)

1. Antigens derived from viral proteins: Viral proteins are produced inside the tumor cells. (lifetein.com)
Here, we demonstrate that non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 VLPs can be successfully assembled by co-expressing three important viral proteins membrane (M), envelop (E) and nucleocapsid (N) in plants. (nature.com)
RdRp is involved in viral genome replication and structural protein translation [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
His research group pioneered the development of a universal influenza A vaccine candidate based on the viral matrix protein 2 and elucidated it's mechanism of protection. (isv-online.org)

An immunogenic composition comprising 2 S. pneumoniae recombinant proteins wherein one of the proteins is selected from the Poly Histidine Triad family (PhtX) at a dose of between 1-100 µg and optionally comprising an adjuvant. (allindianpatents.com)

The data obtained in the present study confirm that the Cry1Ac protoxin is a potent immunogen able to induce a specific immune response in the mucosal tissue, which has not been observed in response to most other proteins. (scielo.br)
Adjuvants are generally used with soluble protein antigens to increase antibody titers and induce a prolonged response with accompanying memory. (wikidoc.org)
Most complex protein antigens induce multiple B-cell clones during the immune response, thus, the response is polyclonal. (wikidoc.org)

Forty-seven epitopes were identified following in vitro TT stimulation, with 28 epitopes accounting for 90% of the total response. (listlabs.com)

Here, we describe DCFHP, a ferritin-based, protein-nanoparticle vaccine candidate that, when formulated with aluminum hydroxide as the sole adjuvant (DCFHP-alum), elicits potent and durable neutralizing antisera in non-human primates against known VOCs, including Omicron BQ.1, as well as against SARS-CoV-1. (stanford.edu)

From the abstract: 'Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)

SARS-CoV-2 is composed of four essential structural proteins: the spike (S) glycoprotein, membrane (M) protein, envelope (E) protein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, as well as multiple accessory and non-structural proteins 1 . (nature.com)
Matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus is a tetrameric type III membrane protein that functions as a proton-selective channel. (uu.nl)
While small heat shock proteins of plants are targeted to virtually every membrane-enclosed compartment, this is the first example of mammalian small heat shock proteins to have an organelle-localization. (uantwerpen.be)
Based on these S-layer proteins, supramolecular assemblies can be constructed which are envisaged for label-free detection systems, as affinity matrix, as anti-allergic immuno-therapeutics, as membrane protein-based screening devices, and as drug targeting and delivery systems. (2medicalcare.com)
As such as proteins, lipids, glycans, nucleic acids, and isoporous ultrafiltration membrane they can apparently combination of that. (2medicalcare.com)
In this study, the possible antigenic determinants of the spike (S1-1, S1-2, S1-3, and S1-4), membrane (ME1 and ME2), and envelope (E) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were predicted, and recombinant L. plantarum strains surface-displaying these epitopes were constructed. (biomedcentral.com)

The efficacy of a newly generated Vibrio cholerae ghost (rVCG)-based subunit vaccine harboring the N-terminal portion of the Cab Pmp18D protein (rVCG-Pmp18.3) in preventing Cab-induced abortion or neonatal mortality was evaluated in pregnant mice. (bvsalud.org)
AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
Sun J.B., Czerkinsky C., Holmgren J. Mucosally induced immunological tolerance, regulatory T cells and the adjuvant effect by cholera toxin B subunit. (laaz.org)

The use of probiotic lactic acid bacteria as a mucosal vaccine vector is considered a promising alternative compared to the use of other microorganisms because of its "Generally Regarded as Safe" status, its potential adjuvant properties, and its tolerogenicity to the host. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aimed to determine the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum expressing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes as a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. (biomedcentral.com)
This study suggests that L. plantarum is a potential vector that can effectively deliver SARS-CoV-2 epitopes to intestinal mucosal sites and could serve as a novel approach for SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine development. (biomedcentral.com)

Herein we defined the human CD4+ T cell epitope repertoire by reevaluation of previously described epitopes and evaluation of those derived from prediction of HLA Class II binding. (listlabs.com)
Clustered Iridoviridae subfamilies possess host-specific characteristics, which can be considered as exclusive features for in-silico prediction of effective epitopes for vaccine development. (biomedcentral.com)
Host-specific characteristics are important features and constraints for effective epitope prediction. (biomedcentral.com)

Adjuvants are used to improve or enhance an immune response to antigens. (wikidoc.org)
Immune responses to non-protein antigens are generally poorly or enhanced by adjuvants and there is no system memory. (wikidoc.org)

The experimental results showed that four conserved epitopes among the Iridovirideae family, one exclusive epitope for invertebrate subfamily and two exclusive epitopes for vertebrate family were predicted. (biomedcentral.com)

Cry proteins can be found in nature in three major forms: crystalline, soluble protoxin and soluble toxin. (scielo.br)
Clinical significance of serum soluble IL-2R levels in patients with adult T cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 carriers. (shengsci.com)
The levels of soluble IL-2Ralpha (sIL-2Ralpha) in serum were measured in HTLV-1 carriers and ATL patients in order to evaluate their possible correlation with clinical status. (shengsci.com)

By increasing the target immunogen on the carrier (if possible) you may get a better response. (bio.net)

With these epitopes, we created a TT epitope pool, which allowed us to characterize TT responses directly ex vivo using a cytokine-independent Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assay. (listlabs.com)
We also show that recombinant adenovirus vaccination induced T cell responses to the same epitopes, and led to memory T cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)

The present invention relates to a combination of 2 or more S. pneumoniae proteins, their manufacture and use in medicine as a vaccine. (allindianpatents.com)

Optionally the vaccine additionally comprises an adjuvant, which is preferably an inducer of a TH1 response. (allindianpatents.com)
A composition comprising a plurality of types of carriers, wherein each carrier comprises a single-cell lethal amount of a therapeutic agent and a unique barcode identifying that agent and wherein the composition comprises equal numbers of each carrier type, equal concentrations of the agent and equal concentrations of each barcode is also provided. (justia.com)

AFFiRiS is a clinical-stage biotechnology company located in Vienna, Austria, with a vision of using the immune system to identify and target human proteins central to the development and progression of chronic diseases, based on its proprietary patented AFFITOME® technology. (affiris.com)
In the self-adjuvanting vaccine technique, T-helper (Th) cell epitopes and innate immune system ligands are often conjugated as immunoenhancers. (lavoixdesrroms.org)

In this study, AT04 was demonstrated to be well-tolerated, safe and elicited a humoral immune response against the PCSK9 target epitope. (affiris.com)

Since S-layers rapidly growing scientific and engineering discipline that are composed of a single protein or glycoprotein species crosses the boundaries of numerous existing fields. (2medicalcare.com)

Most surface-displayed epitopes induced pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-6] and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7, with the highest anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory cytokine ratio in the S1-1 and S1-2 groups, followed by that in the S1-3 group. (biomedcentral.com)

method for evaluation of mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative tuberculin in experimentally infected cattle. (liverpool.ac.uk)
incubation of mycobacterium bovis-sensitized bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin a or m. bovis purified protein derivative and indomethacin caused a consistent, statistically significant increase in [3h] thymidine uptake as compared to cultures without indomethacin. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, and 11-desoxycortisol (compound S) were added to cultures of human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and purified protein derivative (PPD). (shengsci.com)

Using its AFFITOME technology, AFFiRiS develops amino acid sequences that mimic the epitopes of self-proteins, which are modified by mutating the original amino acid sequence. (affiris.com)
These amino acid sequences, termed AFFITOPEs®, are coupled to a carrier protein and are formulated with an adjuvant to further enhance the immune response. (affiris.com)
Surface (S)-layer proteins and S-layer fusion proteins incorporating functional sequences, self-assemble into monomolecular lattices on solid supports and on various lipid structures. (2medicalcare.com)
In general, immunobiologists have developed an integrated method for vaccine development based on analyzing protein sequences and structures of target viruses [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

none were inhibited by the milk proteins bovine serum albumin or lactoglobulins. (shengsci.com)

During sporulation, bacterial cells synthesize insecticidal inclusion bodies consisting of proteins (Cry proteins) active against larvae of invertebrates species (1). (scielo.br)
Nanomechanical mass spectrometry allows characterization of analytes with broad mass range, from small proteins to bacterial cells, and with unprecedented mass sensitivity. (tno.nl)

This formulation demonstrated extended epitope presentation. (rti.org)

Finally, the co-chaperone BAG3 forms a protein scaffold which binds both small heat proteins and Hsp70. (uantwerpen.be)

Here, we describe further development of an in vivo library selection platform based on self-assembling protein nanoparticles encapsulating their own mRNA genomes (synthetic nucleocapsids or synNCs). (uw.edu)
[ 12 ] This mutation alters the polyadenylation site of the gene and results in increased mRNA synthesis, with a subsequent increase in protein expression. (medscape.com)

A companion research in anaplastic gliomas, researched regular monthly vaccination with glioma cell lines augmented using the adjuvant Bacillus CalmetteCGurin (BCG), but also didn't show a success advantage.35 Interestingly, this research had a 20% rate of dementia that was postulated could possibly be autoimmune in etiology, although further investigation was limited. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Like pertussis , influenza is also sustained to a degree by silent carriers created by vaccination with non-specific effects. (greenmedinfo.com)

In yet another related aspect is a method for making the vaccine of the invention by selecting and isolating 2 different S. pneumoniae proteins and mixing both proteins with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. (allindianpatents.com)

Some viruses possess an outer envelope, and the outer capsid is composed of major capsid protein (MCP), which appears to be highly conserved among the family and possesses surface binding sites interacting with the surfaces of host's cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

DB-1 cells recognize the Ag85B(97-112) epitope presented in the context of MHC class II and secrete IL-2 as the cytokine marker. (rti.org)

More recently, his team proposed a new human respiratory syncytial vaccine candidate that is based on the small hydrophobic protein of this virus. (isv-online.org)

Our research goal is to further develop the first "universal" multi-epitope vaccine protects against all the medically significant Candida species in addition to C. albicans, as well as address the fundamental question concerning vaccine induced immunity in high-risk immunocompromised populations. (lsuhsc.edu)

Thus, replication competent filamentous bacteriophages can be used as efficient and economical carriers to display conserved B cell epitopes of influenza A. (uu.nl)

The few studies concerning the immunological properties of Cry protein have been limited to protoxin. (scielo.br)

The virus uses the spike protein to target epithelial cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor on the host cells. (springeropen.com)
However, the appearance of an Omicron variant with 32 mutations in its spike protein raises questions about the vaccine's efficacy. (springeropen.com)
The problem is made even worse by the Omicron variant, which has 32 mutations in its spike protein. (springeropen.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is 97.4% similar to RaTG13. (springeropen.com)
When orally administered of recombinant L. plantarum expressing SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in mice, all epitopes most increased the expression of IL-4, along with induced levels of TNF-α, interferon-gamma, and IL-10, specifically in spike protein groups. (biomedcentral.com)

Many aspects regarding the molecular mechanisms of small heat shock proteins, both in health and disease, remain to be unraveled. (uantwerpen.be)

Generation of Toxoplasma gondii GRA1 protein and DNA vaccine loaded chitosan particles: preparation, characterization, and preliminary in vivo studies. (zju.edu.cn)

Then, another breakthrough is that the addition of tetanus toxoid to glycopeptide conjugate resulted in a glycopeptide-TT vaccine induced dual (double) antibody-dependent protective immunity without the need for adjuvant, which is feasible for human use. (lsuhsc.edu)

The present paper describes important features of the immune response induced by the Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis in mice. (scielo.br)

This includes adjuvant selection, routes and sites of administration, injection volumes per site and number of sites per animal. (wikidoc.org)
The present disclosure relates generally to the selection of DNA aptamers that prevent aggregation, or fibrilization of alpha-synuclein protein. (justia.com)

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