• During this differentiation process, keratinocytes permanently withdraw from the cell cycle, initiate expression of epidermal differentiation markers, and move suprabasally as they become part of the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and eventually corneocytes in the stratum corneum. (wikipedia.org)
  • This discovery builds on the team's 2006 identification of mouse mammary stem cells (MaSCs) and progenitor subpopulations, which enhanced the prospect of investigating the genetic control of their lineage specification and differentiation. (genengnews.com)
  • The signaling network in the niche establishes the baseline for self-renewal, fate determination, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • The peculiarity of the gastrointestinal epithelium is the presence of a proliferative compartment, where are located multipotent stem cells and progenitors which proliferate and are engaged in differentiation toward multiple lineages. (unica.it)
  • Several signaling pathways are involved in the control of the perpetual cell proliferation and differentiation of the stem and progenitor cells. (unica.it)
  • performed in vivo lineage tracing studies to determine that expression of the keratin 15 promoter distinguishes a distinct basal stem cell population that is capable of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation into squamous-lineage cells. (jci.org)
  • Moreover, the molecular signatures of tracheal embryonic E18.5 preBCs and adult TrBCs were generated through high-throughput profiling, which provided hints about the genetic regulation of airway BC maturation process and generated potential molecular landmarks for the in vitro ES/iPS cell differentiation towards airway BCs. (columbia.edu)
  • According to my results, the Su(var)3-9 overexpression drives the stem cells against the differentiation of enterocytes. (helsinki.fi)
  • The hallmarks of development during pregnancy are the formation of tertiary branches, which terminate in alveolar buds, and the rapid proliferation of the luminal epithelium accompanied by differentiation and commitment to the secretory alveolar lineage. (biologists.com)
  • Organoid-based studies using parasite-derived excretory/secretory products reveal that Hpb -mediated revSC generation occurs independent of host-derived immune signals and inhibits type 2 cytokine-driven differentiation of secretory epithelial lineages that promote their expulsion. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • Reciprocally, type 2 cytokine signals limit revSC differentiation and, consequently, Hpb fitness indicating that helminths compete with their host for control of the intestinal stem cell niche to promote continuation of their life cycle. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), moreover, is necessary for the maturation of hiPSC-derived conjunctival epithelium-particularly the goblet cells-indicating key complementary roles of EGF and KGF in directing the differentiation and maturation, respectively, of the human conjunctival epithelium. (listlabs.com)
  • 2008). Lgr5 deficiency leads to premature Paneth cell differentiation in the small intestine without detectable effects on the differentiation of other cell lineages, or on proliferation or migration (Garcia, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of oval cells is probably strongly influenced by paracrine signalling from liver stellate cells. (aku.edu)
  • These cells show multipotent differentiation capability as evaluated by evaluation of mobile phenotype within clones of LacZ-tagged cells. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Epidermal stem cells possess two essential features common to all stem cells: self-renewal and differentiation. (chinagene.cn)
  • Disturbing the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of epidermal stem cell often causes tumors or other skin diseases. (chinagene.cn)
  • This review primarily concentrates on the following points of the epidermal stem cells: the existing evidences, the self-renewal and differentiation, the division pattern, the signal pathways regulating self-renewal and differentiation, and the microenvironment (niche) and macroenvironment maintaining the homeostasis of stem cells. (chinagene.cn)
  • Classical models of such cellular hierarchies propose that commitment and differentiation occur unidirectionally, with the arrows 'pointing away' from the stem cell. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • Controlling the expansion and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro is an important goal in regenerative medicine and for the development of patient-based, disease-relevant cellular models. (gatech.edu)
  • Next, I will describe some work on the differentiation of neural precursor cells isolated from human olfactory epithelium (OE). (gatech.edu)
  • Moreover, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) deficiency was involved in the differentiation of hair follicle stem cell (HFSc), but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation of epithelial cells is the key process of epidermal wound repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study reported that about 70 miRNAs play a role in controlling the development and differentiation of skin stem cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More importantly, miR-214 is implicated in self-renewal of skin tissues and found to be significantly downregulated in proliferation and differentiation of HFSc into transit-amplifying cells [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The formation of microcomedones corresponds to a change in the differentiation program of sebaceous stem cells located in the isthmus epithelium: in homeostasis, these stem cells are able, through their lineage, to generate both the sebaceous gland itself (sebaceous differentiation) and the epithelia of the sebaceous duct and isthmus (duct epithelial differentiation). (farmaimpresa.com)
  • Homeostasis in the sebaceous stem cell differentiation program has been identified as a key step in comedogenesis and should be a goal for the treatment of acne-prone skin. (farmaimpresa.com)
  • FGF-10 immunostaining could be related to cell proliferation in epithelium and cell differentiation in epithelium and ectomesenchyme. (bvsalud.org)
  • These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
  • Human adult olfactory epithelium contains neural progenitors (hONPs) which replace damaged cellular components throughout life. (scirp.org)
  • Transcription factors (nurr1, pitx3 and lmx1a) that promote embryonic mouse or chicken dopaminergic development were employed to determine if they would modulate lineage restriction of these adult human progenitors. (scirp.org)
  • The use of olfactory progenitors as a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) would allow harvest without invasive surgery, provide an autologous cell population, eliminate need for immunosuppression and avoid the ethical concerns associated with embryonic tissues. (scirp.org)
  • This study suggests that specific transcription factors and treatment with morphogens can restrict human adult olfactory-derived progenitors to a dopaminergic neuronal lineage. (scirp.org)
  • This has been studied mainly in the small intestine, where different cell types such as enterocyte progenitors 4 , more differentiated secretory Bmi1 + cells 3 , or even fully differentiated Paneth cells can repopulate crypts upon injury. (nature.com)
  • Stem cells are the progenitors of specialized cell types in the body and have the ability to self-renew. (cshlpress.com)
  • These findings indicate that keratin 15 + progenitors give rise to a population of squamous epithelial cells that are critical to recovery from injury and disease. (jci.org)
  • This thesis work showed the newly identified p63+ airway progenitors before E10.5 are multipotent for all lung epithelial lineages and this multipotency gets restricted to proximal fate at E10.5. (columbia.edu)
  • Adipose tissue residing progenitors (adipocyte lineage progenitors and adipose derived stem cells (ADSC). (mainehealth.org)
  • 2005). Furthermore, in secretory cell lineages, Gfi1 functions to select goblet/Paneth versus enteroendocrine progenitors (Shroyer, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • At the beginning of intestinal development, proliferating progenitors that express ISC markers are ubiquitously distributed throughout the epithelium. (researchsquare.com)
  • LIM homeobox 2 promotes interaction between human iPS-derived hepatic progenitors and iPS-derived hepatic stellate-like cells. (ca.gov)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] Furthermore, experiments have demonstrated that epidermal progenitors in the touch domes are capable of producing Merkel cell lines and that epithelial progenitor populations in adults have the capacity to give rise to both neuroendocrine and squamous lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Other suggested cells of origin include the neural crest‒derived cell of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, dermal fibroblasts, pre or pro B cells, residual epidermal stem cells, and epithelial, non-Merkel cell progenitors. (medscape.com)
  • Those stem cells and their differentiated progeny are organized into columns named epidermal proliferation units. (wikipedia.org)
  • Broadly, tissue regeneration is achieved in two ways: by proliferation of common differentiated cells and/or by deployment of specialized stem/progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, data have shown that TRα1 controls the epithelial progenitor proliferation via the regulation of key genes of the Wnt, BMP and Notch pathways, all involved in progenitor/stem cell physiopathology. (unica.it)
  • Depletion of Krt15 -derived cells resulted in decreased proliferation, thereby leading to atrophy of the esophageal epithelium. (jci.org)
  • It is believed that stomach neoplasia represents the end result of a multistep journey that starts with derangement of the cellular proliferation and commitment program of the epithelium. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Thus, the presence of active mature parietal cells is necessary to maintain the normal cellular proliferation and commitment program in the gastric epithelium. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • However, in some cases of extreme hepatotoxicity hepatocyte proliferation is restricted or even abolished, and instead biliary epithelial cells, commonly referred to as ductular oval cells, migrate into the periportal and midzonal parenchyma. (aku.edu)
  • 11] Horsley V, Aliprantis AO, Polak L, Glimcher LH, Fuchs E. NFATc1 balances quiescence and proliferation of skin stem cells. (chinagene.cn)
  • Moreover, in adults, Merkel cells undergo slow turnover and are replaced by cells originating from epidermal stem cells, not through the proliferation of differentiated Merkel cells. (medscape.com)
  • Keratinocytes differentiate from epidermal stem cells in the lower part of the epidermis and migrate towards the surface, finally becoming corneocytes and eventually be shed off, which happens every 40 to 56 days in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of the transit amplifying cells continue to proliferate then commit to differentiate and migrate towards the surface of the epidermis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated cells proliferate and migrate widely to occupy heavily injured areas depleted of mature lineages, at which point they differentiate towards mature epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • In response to morphogens, the hONPs differentiate along several neural lineages. (scirp.org)
  • The crypts generate a constant stream of new cells that differentiate and migrate upward into the villi. (wjgnet.com)
  • The stratified organization of the epithelium restricts proliferative cells to the basal layer, and these cells must migrate toward the lumen as they differentiate. (jci.org)
  • The esophageal lumen is lined by a stratified squamous epithelium comprised of proliferative basal cells that differentiate while migrating toward the luminal surface and eventually desquamate. (jci.org)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into hepatocyte lineages, although the phenotype of the differentiated cells is immature compared to adult hepatocytes. (ca.gov)
  • In the early stage of skin trauma, the basal cells at the edge of the wound begin to proliferate and form a single layer of epithelium, which covers the surface of the granulation tissues of the wound and then differentiate into squamous epithelium [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our preliminary studies show that, in addition to known secretory (OVGP1+) and ciliated (FOXJ1+, CD24+) epithelial cells, there are several epithelial cell populations characterized by preferential expression ofstem/progenitor cell markers, such as SLC1A3, CD49f (ITGA6), and KLF6. (cornell.edu)
  • We identify two populations of cells with active Wnt signaling: highly proliferative Lgr5 + /Axin2 + cells, as well as secretory Lgr5 − /Axin2 + cells. (nature.com)
  • Lgr5 is a well-established marker of these basal stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract 1 and lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that Lgr5 + cells give rise to clonal cell populations establishing entire colonic crypts 2 . (nature.com)
  • Cambuli FM, Rezza A, Nadjar J, Plateroti M (2013) Musashi1-eGFP mice, a new tool for differential isolation of the intestinal stem cell populations. (unica.it)
  • 14 16 Bronchial airways harbor a minimum of two distinct progenitor cell populations also. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Both basal and nonciliated secretory cell varieties of bronchial airways have already been shown to show proliferative capability.8 9 11 12 20 21 47 Nevertheless the relative contribution of secretory basal progenitor cell populations to epithelial maintenance and regeneration following injury continues to be controversial. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely conducted to determine heterogeneity and diversity of cell populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to unitarian theory, proposed in 70s, all four cell lineages within the gastrointestinal epithelium are clonal populations derived from a slowly cycling clonogenic stem cells (SC) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
  • Our findings indicate that distinct stem/progenitor cell pools repopulate injured tissue depending on the extent of the injury, and the outcomes of regeneration or fibrosis may depend in part on the dynamics of LNEP Notch signalling. (nih.gov)
  • Cells in a transient state (CD24med CD49f+) form spheres in consecutive rounds of sphere dissociation regeneration and express KRT5. (cornell.edu)
  • To test this hypothesis we propose (1) to establish the role of specific cell states during homeostatic and posttraumatic regeneration, (2) to determine the impact of epithelial damage on cancer susceptibility of epithelial states and (3) to identify and characterize epithelial and stromal cell lineage dynamics during early stages of TE malignant transformation. (cornell.edu)
  • The regeneration of these two epithelial lineages and their homeostasis at the transition zone are controlled by opposing Wnt signals from the underlying stromal compartments. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Signals that regulate epithelial regeneration upon stem cell injury are largely unknown. (nature.com)
  • Upon Lgr5 + cell depletion, these cells are recruited to contribute to crypt regeneration. (nature.com)
  • Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
  • Regeneration requires stromal Rspo3, which is present at increased levels upon injury and reprograms Lgr5 − but Lgr4 + differentiated cells. (nature.com)
  • Thus, we find that endogenous Rspo3 signaling is a critical determinant of cellular fate within the crypt and stimulates rapid recruitment of differentiated cells for epithelial wound healing and crypt regeneration through induction of Wnt signaling. (nature.com)
  • The esophageal epithelium experiences a high rate of cellular renewal that supports rapid tissue regeneration in response to injury. (jci.org)
  • Although wild-type mice displayed normal morphology 15 days after injury, tissue regeneration remained incomplete in mice lacking keratin 15 + cells. (jci.org)
  • Further, Krt15 + cells were radioresistant and contributed to esophageal epithelial regeneration following radiation-induced injury. (jci.org)
  • Oval cells thus constitute an important reserve compartment for hepatocytes when hepatocyte regeneration is compromised. (aku.edu)
  • Tissue homeostasis and regeneration are fueled by resident stem cells that have the capacity to self-renew, and to generate all the differentiated cell types that characterize a particular tissue. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • In this review, we discuss recent examples of such plasticity in selected mammalian epithelia, highlighting the different modes of regeneration and their implications for our understanding of cellular hierarchy and tissue self-renewal. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • The regeneration is maintained by adult stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk characteristic of hair follicle stem cells (HFSc) from embryonic development to adulthood can be found during normal hair follicle growth and cyclic regeneration [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intestinal stem cells (ISCs) adapt in response to environmental factors and continually proliferate to renew the mammalian intestinal epithelium due to its rapid turnover. (helsinki.fi)
  • The adult mammalian intestinal epithelium is unique for its rapidly self renewing property. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Image of human cervix tissue and organoids derived from ectocervical stratified squamous (green) and endocervical columnar (red) epithelial stem cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Ectocervix can only give raise to stratified organoids, however endocervix contains two stem cells that can give raise to columnar and metaplastic stratified organoids. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In results published in the journal Nature Cell Biology , the researchers used the organoids to identify stem cells of the healthy cervix and the changes that arise during metaplasia, an early stage of carcinogenesis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Stem cell- and tissue- derived organoids have more complex 3D tissue-like architecture and structure. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cytotoxic effects of five compounds (flavopiridol, loperamide, paracetamol, ketoprofen and alosetron) on human colon organoids using the CellTiter-Glo ® 3D Cell Viability Reagent. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Here we demonstrate the use of highly-characterized human iPS cell-derived colon organoids as an alternative cell model for traditional Caco-2 cell drug toxicity assays for drug screening applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Many chapters illustrate how single-cell profiling, stem-cell-derived organoids, intravital microscopy, lineage tracing, quantitative modeling, and other modern approaches have offered important insights. (cshlpress.com)
  • The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Long-term clonal culturing of organoids from Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Based on these combined insights, we have established Lgr5/R-spondin-based culture systems that allow the outgrowth of single mouse or human Lgr5 stem cells into ever-expanding organoids. (hubrecht.eu)
  • These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Inhibition of H3K27 trimethylation suppressed crypt formation and Paneth cell maturation on organoids derived from ileum of early second postnatal mouse. (researchsquare.com)
  • Recent advances in isolating epithelial progenitor cells and stromal cells, as well as defining niche factors important for lung development, have led to the establishment of an in vitro 3D lung culture system: pulmonary (lung) organoids. (stemcell.com)
  • Recent progress isolating lung epithelial progenitor and stromal cells, as well as defining stem cell niche factors that are important for lung development, has led to the establishment of an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture system: lung organoids 2 , also known as airway organoids or pulmonary organoids. (stemcell.com)
  • These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
  • We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
  • However, the embryonic origin of these adult stem cells remains elusive. (columbia.edu)
  • Previous reports showed that p63+ cells appear early during airway development, but these do not express markers of adult BCs, raising the question whether these cells represent BC precursors. (columbia.edu)
  • However, as development proceeds, they underwent two sequential lineage segregation events to finally generate two regionally distinct adult stem cell pools. (columbia.edu)
  • In addition, single cell RNA-sequencing analyses revealed heterogeneity of adult BCs in the tracheal and esophageal epithelia. (columbia.edu)
  • Our previous study showed that the absorptive cells of the jejunum and ileum change rapidly and dramatically from suckling to adult type during the weaning period (Fujita, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2007). It has been suggested that the intestinal transcription factor Blimp-1 is a critical driver of the postnatal epithelial phenotype, whose expression loss in the third postnatal week is a likely requirement for the maturation of the neonatal epithelium to adult epithelium (Harper, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a potential unlimited source of adult cell types with numerous applications in regenerative medicine. (ca.gov)
  • 13] Ghazizadeh S, Taichman LB. Multiple classes of stem cells in cutaneous epithelium: a lineage analysis of adult mouse skin. (chinagene.cn)
  • We used adult bone marrow erythropoiesis (red blood cell development) as a model system since it depends on the sequential action of stem cell factor (SCF), an early-acting cytokine and erythropoietin (EPO), a late-acting cytokine. (gatech.edu)
  • Because sebaceous stem cells are located in the isthmus epithelium, closer to the surface, they are more accessible to topical products than the sebaceous gland itself. (farmaimpresa.com)
  • Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are evolutionarily conserved gastrointestinal secretory cells that show scattered distribution in the intestinal epithelium. (bioone.org)
  • Expression of Lgr5 is controlled by Wnt signaling, which plays a critical role for stem cell turnover in the gastrointestinal tract 2 . (nature.com)
  • However, the signaling pathways directly involved in the biology of the physiological and cancer stem cells, i.e. self-renewal and multi-potency, have not been identified yet. (unica.it)
  • A surprising recent discovery has been that mammary epithelial cells commit to differentiated lineages using the same signalling pathways that regulate lineage determination in T helper cells. (biologists.com)
  • Although an increasing number of interventions show promise for rejuvenation2, their effectiveness on disparate cell types across the body and the molecular pathways susceptible to rejuvenation remain largely unexplored. (stanford.edu)
  • Even as the nature of the exact cell in which Merkel cell carcinoma oncogenesis occurs is controversial, there is strong support for the notion that Merkel cell carcinoma results from of one of two distinct pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular pathways potentially involved in sebaceous stem cell lineage determination and comedo change have been identified. (farmaimpresa.com)
  • The cervix consists of two regions covered by different types of epithelial cells: multilayered squamous and single-layered columnar epithelia that merge at transition zones. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • They discovered that the stratified and columnar epithelia at the cervical transition zone arise from two distinct stem cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The researchers also showed how quiescent stem cells are activated, that eventually develop into squamous metaplasia replacing resident columnar epithelium. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • In the most proximal regions of the conducting zone, including the nasal passage, trachea, and bronchi, the airway epithelium exhibits a columnar, pseudostratified morphology. (stemcell.com)
  • The flat mucosal surface is lined by an absorptive and secretory epithelium (simple columnar) interspersed with deep crypts projecting deep into the underlying submucosa called crypts of Lieberkuhn. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three main epithelial cell lineages comprise a crypt: the columnar cells or colonocytes, the mucin-secreting cells or goblet cells, and the enteroendocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LNEPs require Notch signalling to activate the ΔNp63 and cytokeratin 5 program, and subsequent Notch blockade promotes an alveolar cell fate. (nih.gov)
  • Surprisingly, lineage analysis showed that early in development these cells were able to generate all epithelial cell types of the airways and alveolar compartment. (columbia.edu)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that BC-like p63+ Krt5+ cell clusters ("Krt5+ pods") are ectopically present in the areas of severe alveolar injury by H1N1 viral infection. (columbia.edu)
  • The alveolar epithelium is lined with type I and II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). (stemcell.com)
  • In these patients, SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelium of the upper and lower airways with diffuse alveolar damage as the predominant pulmonary pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • The colonic epithelial turnover is driven by crypt-base stem cells that express the R-spondin receptor Lgr5. (nature.com)
  • While Lgr5 + cells are long-lived and act as stem cells during homeostatic conditions, experimental models have demonstrated that Lgr5 + stem cells per se are not essential for maintaining epithelial integrity 3 . (nature.com)
  • In the colon, this process has not been investigated in detail, but recent studies demonstrated the ability of Atoh1 + secretory cells to partially restore depleted Lgr5 + cells 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
  • Rspo proteins are secreted and can stabilize the effects of Wnt ligands by preventing ubiquitination and turnover of the Wnt receptor frizzled 9 , thereby dictating the size of the Lgr5 + stem cell pool by regulating self-renewal of Lgr5 + cells 10 . (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that while Rspo3 from myofibroblasts maintains colonic Lgr5 + cells during homeostasis, during injury its main function is not to maintain Lgr5 + cells but to interact with more differentiated cells that express Lgr4 but not Lgr5 and are able to regain expression of Wnt target genes and generate new crypts. (nature.com)
  • Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
  • The cells also represent the cells-of-origin of adenomas in the gut (25) and within adenomas Lgr5 stem cells act as adenoma stem cells (36). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Lgr5 crypt stem cells behave in unanticipated ways: Against common belief, they divide constantly and in a symmetric fashion. (hubrecht.eu)
  • In addition, Paneth cells provide a niche for leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-expressing stem cells in crypts (Sato, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • We also show that individual conjunctival cells can be sorted and reconstituted by cultivation into a functional conjunctival epithelium that includes mucin-producing goblet cells. (listlabs.com)
  • 2005). Mucus-secreting goblet cells migrate toward the villi tip, whereas antimicrobial peptide-secreting Paneth cells move to the base of the crypts. (researchsquare.com)
  • The major cell types of the large airway epithelium are goblet cells that produce and secrete mucus, ciliated cells that promote mucus motility through coordinated movement of their apical cilia, and basal cells that line the basement membrane and do not contact the apical surface of the epithelium. (stemcell.com)
  • The upper one-third of the colonic crypt consists of differentiated cells (colonocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells) and lower two-third is predominantly composed of transit-amplifying cells (TA cells). (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of these became the well-known BCs that populate extrapulmonary airways through an undescribed maturation process from the perinatal stage to adulthood, and the other was identified as a rare stem cell pool in the pseudostratified epithelium of intrapulmonary airways which maintained immature and quiescent throughout lifetime. (columbia.edu)
  • It influences stem cell maturation, lineage specification, and many other cellular processes. (helsinki.fi)
  • However, it remains unclear whether the formation of the crypt is related to the maturation of Paneth cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • The morphological and functional maturation of Paneth cells occurred in the first 2 weeks and was accompanied by histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Overall, our data show that post-transcriptional modification of histones, particularly H3K27 trimethylation, leads to the structural and functional maturation of Paneth cells during postnatal development. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2009). However, the relation between the localization of Paneth cells at the bottom of the crypt and their maturation remains to be elucidated. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, we identify genes regulating the generation and maturation of liver cells from iPSCs. (ca.gov)
  • Hepatocytic maturation in iPS-HPCs was significantly increased in direct co-culture with iPS-HSCs overexpressing LHX2, but not in co-culture with a human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) overexpressing LHX2. (ca.gov)
  • In conclusion, this study provides an evidence that LHX2 upregulation in iPS-HSCs promotes hepatocytic maturation of iPS-HPCs, and indicates that genetically modified iPS-HSCs will be of value for research into cell-cell interactions. (ca.gov)
  • Lineage tracing revealed scant contribution of pre-existing mature epithelial cells in such repair, whereas orthotopic transplantation of LNEPs, isolated by a definitive surface profile identified through single-cell sequencing, directly demonstrated the proliferative capacity and multipotency of this population. (nih.gov)
  • This week in the JCI , a study led by Anil Rustgi at the University of Pennsylvania identifies keratin 15 as a marker for a subpopulation of proliferative stem cells in the esophagus that are indispensible for maintaining homeostasis as well as regenerating tissue following injury. (jci.org)
  • Rapid epithelial renewal occurs, but the specific cell of origin that supports this high proliferative demand remains unknown. (jci.org)
  • Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, identification of the tissue-specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. (stanford.edu)
  • Genetic in vivo lineage tracing revealed that the Krt15 promoter marks a long-lived basal cell population able to self-renew, proliferate, and generate differentiated cells, consistent with a progenitor/stem cell population. (jci.org)
  • The goal of this thesis is to address these gaps of knowledge using a variety of technologies, including functional and lineage tracing analysis in vivo in mouse genetic models, injury modeling, high-throughput profiling and gene regulation approaches. (columbia.edu)
  • Recent studies, all based on genetic lineage tracing, describe various strategies employed by epithelial stem cell hierarchies to replace damaged or lost cells. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • This can also be achieved by directly modulating the activity of signaling enzymes or transcription factors using genetic engineering strategies or by delivering bioactive molecules in the cell cytosol or nucleus. (gatech.edu)
  • The animation illustrates large amounts of research data to show how the chikungunya virus infects our cells and uses its specialized machinery to release its genetic material into the cell and seed future infections. (nih.gov)
  • At 53 seconds, the viral protein shell, or capsid (green), which contains the virus' genetic instructions, is released back out into the cell where it will ultimately go on to make more virus. (nih.gov)
  • In a study in the journal Nature Communications [1] last year, Lee's team used cryo-ET to reveal how the chikungunya virus invades and delivers its genetic cargo into human cells to initiate a new infection. (nih.gov)
  • We have shown that in the stomach, stem cell homeostasis is regulated by Wnt and Rspo secreted by stromal myofibroblasts 11 . (nature.com)
  • Wang Z, Qu YJ, Cui M. Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair. (wjgnet.com)
  • The contributors describe how the first cell lineages arise in the mammalian embryo, stem cell dynamics during the development and homeostasis of specific tissues (e.g., epithelia and brain), and what happens when stem cell integrity is compromised (e.g., by DNA mutations). (cshlpress.com)
  • Mammalian skin epidermis contains different epidermal stem cell pools which contribute to the homeostasis and repair of skin epithelium. (chinagene.cn)
  • 2] Blanpain C, Fuchs E. Epidermal homeostasis: a balancing act of stem cells in the skin. (chinagene.cn)
  • Loss of homeostasis in acne skin results in the expansion of the epithelium, which underlies the microcomedone. (farmaimpresa.com)
  • Recent studies have provided new insights into the origin, specification and fate of mammary stem and progenitor cells and into how the differentiated lineages that comprise the functional mammary gland are determined. (biologists.com)
  • Enteric helminths form intimate physical connections with the intestinal epithelium, yet their ability to directly alter epithelial stem cell fate has not been resolved. (ircm.qc.ca)
  • 10] Rochat A, Kobayashi K, Barrandon Y. Location of stem cells of human hair follicles by clonal analysis. (chinagene.cn)
  • By contrast, here we define the regenerative role of previously uncharacterized, rare lineage-negative epithelial stem/progenitor (LNEP) cells present within normal distal lung. (nih.gov)
  • The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
  • Given their plasticity and regenerative abilities, stem cells provide opportunities for treating human diseases such as diabetes. (cshlpress.com)
  • This volume is therefore an indispensable reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as anyone wishing to explore the possibilities of stem cells in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. (cshlpress.com)
  • Liver parenchymal cells (hepatocytes) have a low rate of turnover, but can nevertheless mount a rapid and efficient regenerative response. (aku.edu)
  • The significant regenerative capability of bronchial epithelial cells was. (bioinbrief.com)
  • In addition, the authors consider the potential of stem-cell-based therapies in the clinic (e.g., for treating retinal diseases and skin disorders) and the innovations that are facilitating the development of those therapies, including various lineage reprogramming strategies and new biomaterials that modulate stem cell properties. (cshlpress.com)
  • These pericryptal myofibroblasts produce the Wnt signalling ligands which bind to Frizzled receptors as well as morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists gremlin 1(GREM1), gremlin 2 (GREM2) on basal epithelial stem cells and also can modulate notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional profiling demonstrated that Krt15 + basal cells are molecularly distinct from Krt15 - basal cells. (jci.org)
  • Lrig1 expression defines a distinct mul-tipotent stem cell population in mammalian epidermis. (chinagene.cn)
  • Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These findings may help to generate mature liver cells for drug toxicity studies and ultimately for liver transplantation. (ca.gov)
  • Lgr6 marks multipotent skin stem cells (29). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Basal cells (BCs) are multipotent tissue-specific stem cells of a variety of organs including the skin, digestive and respiratory tract. (columbia.edu)
  • We conclude that basal cells stand for an alternative solution multipotent progenitor cell human population of bronchial airways which progenitor cell selection can be dictated by the type WK23 of airway injury. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Antigen labeling was detected in neurons in the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem and in glia cells throughout the brain ( Figure , panel B). Rare Purkinje cells and neurons in peripheral ganglia (e.g., of the gizzard) as well as cardiac myofibers and renal tubular epithelial cells were positive for viral antigen. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite a growing appreciation of mechanisms contributing to branching morphogenesis and lineage specification in the developing lung it is still unclear how a complex epithelium such as that present in the conducting airway is established and maintained through adulthood. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Pivotal roles for eomesodermin during axis formation, epithelium-to-mesenchyme transition and endoderm specification in the mouse. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Marker analysis as well as fate-mapping and chimera studies demonstrate for the first time that Eomes is required for specification of the definitive endoderm lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In humans, they constitute 90% of epidermal skin cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidermal stem cells reside in the lower part of the epidermis (stratum basale) and are attached to the basement membrane through hemidesmosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epidermal stem cells divide in a random manner yielding either more stem cells or transit amplifying cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These factors include: The transcription factor p63, which prevents epidermal stem cells from differentiating into keratinocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transcriptome of p63 mutant keratinocytes deviated from the normal epidermal cell identity. (wikipedia.org)
  • WNT, R-spondin, epidermal growth factor, and mammalian target of rapamycin are secreted by Paneth cells or mesenchymal cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • Our data indicate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) drives the generation of cells with a conjunctival epithelial lineage. (listlabs.com)
  • Epidermal stem cell niches provide a special microenvironment that maintains a balance of stem cell quiescence and activity. (chinagene.cn)
  • Progress in epidermal stem cells[J]. HEREDITAS, 2010, 32(3): 198-204. (chinagene.cn)
  • 1] Blanpain C, Fuchs E. Epidermal stem cells of the skin. (chinagene.cn)
  • Separation of human epidermal stem cells from transit amplifying cells on the basis of differences in in-tegrin function and expression. (chinagene.cn)
  • Within skin, Merkel cells have also been shown to cluster in the basal layers of the interfollicular epidermis in specialized epithelial structures called touch domes, where they are juxtaposed with epidermal keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. (stanford.edu)
  • This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues, and tissue-specific variation in gene expression. (stanford.edu)
  • Cell type-specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual. (stanford.edu)
  • He predicted that cancers occur upon activation of dormant embryonic-like cancerous cells present in mature tissues but not spontaneously [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Protein controls number of stem cell number and instructs them to produce luminal cells, says study in Cell Stem Cell . (genengnews.com)
  • The researchers discovered that the Notch protein controls breast stem cell number during development and instructs stem cells to produce luminal cells. (genengnews.com)
  • These luminal cells may be the cells that give rise to breast cancer, according to the scientists. (genengnews.com)
  • Conversely, Notch was found to be preferentially activated in the ductal luminal epithelium in vivo and promoted commitment of MaSCs exclusively along the luminal lineage. (genengnews.com)
  • The Notch signaling targeted luminal progenitor cells for expansion, which led to hyperplasia and tumorigenesis, the researchers report. (genengnews.com)
  • There are two main types of epithelium in the mammary gland: luminal and basal. (biologists.com)
  • The luminal epithelium forms the ducts and the secretory alveoli, whereas the basal epithelium consists essentially of myoepithelial cells. (biologists.com)
  • At the crypt base, in the vicinity of basal lamina, stem cells are surrounded by mesenchymal cells that are of myofibroblast lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basal cells in the basal layer (stratum basale) of the skin are sometimes referred to as basal keratinocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • Both exogenous (inflammation, chemoradiotherapy, and diet) and endogenous factors (mitochondrial dysfunction, extracellular matrix, and enteric nervous system) have vital effects on stem cell fate modulation. (wjgnet.com)
  • In this seminar, I will first describe our investigation of the mechanisms responsible for the combinatorial cytokine dependence of stem/progenitor cell fate decisions. (gatech.edu)
  • We hypothesized that combinatorial cytokine dependence arises in cell subsets in unique transitional stages where cell fate decision can be regulated by combinations of early- and late-acting factors. (gatech.edu)
  • We have identified a subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells which fate decisions depend on both the SCF and EPO signals. (gatech.edu)
  • In these experiments, ATP-competitive (6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime and CHIR99021) and substrate-competitive (TAT-eIF2B) inhibitors were used in order to eliminate potential confounding effects on cell fate due to off-target kinase inhibition. (gatech.edu)
  • Therefore, in the last part of the seminar, I will explain how single-cell CE and mass spectrometry (MS) can be combined to examine the fate of enzyme activity reporters and inhibitors in single mammalian cells with a resolution at the single amino acid level. (gatech.edu)
  • Innate immune cells play a decisive role in host fate by enabling high bacterial loads and minimizing the immunological impact of this burden in the gastric mucosa. (nimml.org)
  • Introduction, Transmission Dynamics, and Fate of Early SARS-CoV-2 Lineages in Santa Clara County, California. (cdc.gov)
  • The Wnt and Notch signaling exhibit high activity in the stem cell niche. (wjgnet.com)
  • Stem cells numbers remain fixed because stem cells compete 'neutrally' for niche space (30). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Daughters of the small intestinal stem cells, the Paneth cells, serve as crypt niche cells by providing Wnt, Notch and EGF signals (33). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Metastatic-niche labelling reveals parenchymal cells with stem features. (nature.com)
  • They also explore specialized niches in which stem cells reside (e.g., in the testis and lung) and how the extracellular cues in those microenvironments regulate stem cell behavior. (cshlpress.com)
  • They can regulate stem cell functions by modulating effects of Wnt signalling on ephrin B1 (EFNB1) and its receptors EPHB2, EPHB3 in the stem cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During this process, the cells migrate along the crypt wall towards the surface where they are shed into the lumen. (nature.com)
  • they include undifferentiated stem cells that undergo frequent asymmetric mitosis to reproduce themselves and give rise to two partially committed precursors: 1) prepit-cell precursors, which become prepit cells in the isthmus and then migrate outward into the pit and mature into pit cells, and 2) preneck cell precursors, which become preneck cells in the isthmus and then migrate inward to the neck region and transform into neck cells. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The stem cells, as well as the prepit and preneck cell precursors, share in the production of preparietal cells that, in the isthmus, mature into parietal cells and then migrate outward into the pit or inward into the neck and base. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • These Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells reside at the bottom of the crypts and are wedged between Paneth cells, which protect and nurture stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • Besides, Paneth cells provide essential Notch signals to stem cells by expressing Notch ligands. (wjgnet.com)
  • Paneth cells are antimicrobial peptide-secreting epithelial cells located at the bottom of the intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn. (researchsquare.com)
  • Crypts begin to form around day 7 of postnatal mice (P7), and Paneth cells usually appear within the first 2 weeks. (researchsquare.com)
  • Paneth cell dysfunction has been reported to correlate with Crohn's disease-like inflammation, showing narrow crypts or loss of crypt architecture in mice. (researchsquare.com)
  • The morphology of dysfunctional Paneth cells is similar to that of a Paneth/goblet intermediate cell. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1997). Within 14 days of postnatal development, Paneth cells mature and express cryptdin proteins as a specific marker (Bry, et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • A fourth category Paneth cell is occasionally present in ascending colon or in certain disease condition [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The epithelium is normally made up of a single layer of cells that invaginates to form numerous short pits continuous with long tubular glands divisible into isthmus, neck, and base regions. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Anderson, L. and Caldwell, M.A. (2007) Human neural progenitor cell transplants into the subthalamic nucleus lead to functional recovery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. (scirp.org)
  • However, generating mature and functional cell types from iPSCs is still challenging. (ca.gov)
  • Previously, he was the Principal Investigator and lead of his lab at The Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) . (lifeboat.com)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines recent progress in our understanding of stem cell biology and how the properties of stem cells can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes, emphasizing the roles that cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary approaches have played in this work. (cshlpress.com)
  • Sirakov M, Skah M, Nadjar J, Plateroti M (2013) Thyroid hormone's action on progenitor/stem cell biology: new challenge for a classic hormone? (unica.it)
  • These results establish the presence of a long-lived and indispensable Krt15 + progenitor cell population that provides additional perspective on esophageal epithelial biology and the widely prevalent diseases that afflict this epithelium. (jci.org)
  • Molecular characterization of cell types using single-cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. (stanford.edu)
  • Trends in Cell Biology , 25 (2), 100-108. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • Tests by Evans and co-workers12 involving damage geared to ciliated cells indicated that nonciliated secretory cells represent the most well-liked progenitor cell kind of the bronchial epithelium. (bioinbrief.com)
  • This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • In humans, it is estimated that keratinocytes turn over from stem cells to desquamation every 40-56 days, whereas in mice the estimated turnover time is 8-10 days. (wikipedia.org)
  • The colon epithelium is characterized by high turnover kinetics. (nature.com)
  • Above the stem cell zone is the lineage-committed progenitor cells, also known as the transit amplifying zone, divided to fuel the rapid epithelial cell turnover. (wjgnet.com)
  • Under normal circumstances, turnover of epithelial cell lineages occurs constantly in every 2-7 days but this process become faster during tissue repair and wound healing [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Monocle cell-lineage trajectory prediction analysis of our single-cell transcriptomic data identified a population of SLC1A3+ stem/progenitor cells that give rise to both secretory and ciliated cells by progressing through transient intermediates, including aKRT5+ cell population. (cornell.edu)
  • Current models in the lung posit that epithelial repair can be attributed to cells expressing mature lineage markers. (nih.gov)
  • We exposed healthy mouse lung tissue to radiation before the induction of metastasis and observed a strong enhancement of cancer cell growth. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: Notch is activated in the lung epithelium and enhances spontaneous metastasis. (nature.com)
  • These studies revealed a previously unrecognized broader role of embryonic p63+ cells in the establishment of the stem cell pools of the lung pre and postnatally. (columbia.edu)
  • Commitment from the pulmonary epithelium to bronchial and bronchiolar airway lineages occurs through the changeover from pseudoglandular to cannalicular stages of lung advancement suggesting that regional variations exist with regards to the identification of stem and progenitor cells that donate to epithelial maintenance in adulthood. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Conducting airways of the lung are lined by a highly specialized epithelium whose composition and function varies along the proximal to distal axis. (bioinbrief.com)
  • Studies in the developing rat lung indicate that lineage restriction occurs during the transition from the pseudoglandular to cannalicular phases of lung development. (bioinbrief.com)