Epithelium cell polarity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Planar Cell Polarity (PCP), the polarization within the plane of an epithelium, is perpendicular to apical-basal polarity and established by the non-canonical Wnt/Fz-PCP signaling pathway. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) genes strongly affect neurulation, leading to a complete failure of neural tube closure and craniorachischisis, the most severe form of neural tube defects. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Fz1 is required for Wnt-independent planar cell polarity in the wing epithelium. (bvsalud.org)
In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. (lu.se)

Fibrin hydrogels as a xenofree and rapidly degradable support for transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium monolayers. (mayo.edu)
Here we report that hiPSC can, in a highly autonomous manner, recapitulate spatiotemporally each of the main steps of retinal development observed in vivo and form three-dimensional retinal cups that contain all major retinal cell types arranged in their proper layers. (nature.com)
I thus became specifically interested in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), as many of the mutations that cause RP are associated with defects in cell polarity and affect both retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. (arvo.org)
I love that I learn new things almost daily and that my studies not only expand our scientific understanding of retinal cell biology, but may also lead to treatment development and thus may have a direct effect on patients' lives. (arvo.org)
They may lead to treatment protecting corneal epithelial cells in dry eye patients and for better and safer gene therapy delivery for retinal degeneration patients. (arvo.org)
The establishment of the Restorative Retinal Research Lab at the Sheba Medical Center, where we grow patients' induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal models with rare mutations for which they are no good animal models and use these models for drug screening. (arvo.org)
SFRP5 is highly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium, and moderately expressed in the pancreas. (innov-research.com)
The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium. (ophthalmosurgery.ru)

Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
Non-motile primary cilia are solitary sensor organelles playing a critical role in cell cycle control, proliferation, polarity and differentiation, particularly of ciliated cells possessing motile cilia [ 3 , 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Over-expression of miR-183-5p or miR-492 triggers invasion and proliferation and loss of polarity in non-neoplastic breast epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Reconstitution of eroded or injured EPITHELIUM by proliferation and migration of EPITHELIAL CELLS from below or adjacent to the damaged site. (bvsalud.org)

The virus lifecycle and how it uses components of vesicular pathways while shuttling to the cell surface, turned Simons' attention toward vesicular transport pathways and cell polarization. (wikipedia.org)
Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.com)
The worm benefits from many of the advantages of yeast as a genetically tractable organism for these kinds of studies while offering the unique opportunity to probe how these pathways have been extended and modified in the context of a multicellular animal undergoing development to produce diverse cell types such as muscles, nerves, and polarized epithelia. (wormbook.org)
This review summarizes recent work elucidating endocytic pathways, primarily in the worm germ line and coelomocytes, and also touches on diverse studies of secretion, especially in ectodermal cells of epithelial character. (wormbook.org)
These conserved families of secreted morphogens/signals, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg)/Wnt, Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp - a BMP homolog), act away from their sources and, upon binding to receptors, activate gene regulatory pathways to induce functions in recipient cells 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)

This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.com)
Human Fibrinogen for Maintenance and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Two Dimensions and Three Dimensions. (mayo.edu)
The CCBE1 protein is involved in the maturation (differentiation) and movement (migration) of immature cells called lymphangioblasts that will eventually form the lining (epithelium) of lymphatic vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
Primary cilia may be crucial in determining outcomes during airway epithelial cell differentiation thus we hypothesised that primary cilia are present in adult epithelial cells and may play a key role in airway plasticity. (ersjournals.com)
Although those were primarily "basic science" studies, I started to work with patients' schwannoma cells and was intrigued by the interplay between epithelial cells and nerve cells and what happens when genetic mutations lead to aberrant cell polarity and differentiation. (arvo.org)
The polarity of the epidermis is, for example, reflected in controlled changes in cell shape that accompany differentiation, oriented cell division, and the planar orientation of hair follicles and cilia. (uni-koeln.de)
In this study, the NTERA2-D1 (NT2) cells were induced towards differentiation (NT2-RA) with 10-5 M retinoic acid (RA) for three days and then subjected to various amounts of vitreous humor (VH). (bvsalud.org)
Mouse=== *'''Mouse''': Do you recommend propagating the Wnt10a GO:0014033 "neural crest cell differentiation" IDA from PMID 17286598 (MGI 3712614) to the rest of the Wnt10a's? (geneontology.org)

Both of the two types of endometrial glands are lined with pseudostratified columnar or cubic-storey epithelium. (fuyanpills.com)
There are actually 2 other ones that are special transitional epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium. (powershow.com)

In normal breast epithelium, Wnt-5a is important for cell-ECM adhesion and activation of the collagen receptor DDR1. (lu.se)

The CCBE1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is found in the lattice of proteins and other molecules outside the cell (extracellular matrix). (medlineplus.gov)
Endocytosis is the vesicle-mediated process used by all cells to internalize extracellular macromolecules, plasma membrane lipids, and plasma membrane proteins ( Figure 1 ). (wormbook.org)
The establishment and maintenance of polarity is organized by a diverse set of polarity proteins that include transmembrane adhesion proteins, cytoskeletal scaffold proteins, and kinases. (uni-koeln.de)
Although polarity proteins have been extensively studied in cell culture and in vivo in simple epithelia of lower organisms, their role in mammalian tissue biology is only slowly evolving. (uni-koeln.de)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)

This study of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and epithelial cell polarity in vitro reveals that environmental conditions can have a profound effect on the epithelial phenotype, cell shape, and polarity as expressed by the presence of apical and basal surfaces. (rupress.org)
Using a 3D in vitro polarity model, scientists have demonstrated full polarity inversion in renal cells deprived of Rab35, whereby the apical domain switches places with the basolateral domain. (pasteur.fr)
Photo : spheroid of renal cells cultivated in vitro. (pasteur.fr)
Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
To study Salmonella and H. pylori we have developed a human organoid model to study their interactions with human gut epithelium in vitro. (stanford.edu)
So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
Curator answer:'''The paper talks about how Wnt7a alter the ratio between asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions of satellite stem cells in vitro. (geneontology.org)

Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
More than 80% of tumours arise from epithelial tissues and one of their hallmarks is that the tumour cells lose their apical-basal polarity. (cam.ac.uk)
As an instructor, she taught histology , which is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues. (asu.edu)
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues distant from the tumour were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for bronchial epithelium analysis. (ersjournals.com)
Our laboratory has developed novel microscopy applications such as quantitative 3D confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, time-lapse imaging, microinjection and micromanipulation to visualize the interaction of pathogens with epithelial cells in culture and in animal and human tissues. (stanford.edu)
Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. (hindawi.com)
These tissues differ in the types and functions of their cells, and the products of those cells and the relative distribution of the two. (powershow.com)
Our work is addressing how epithelial tissues maintain structural integrity, even during the extreme events of cell division. (stowers.org)
Initially, the group did not observe such dire consequences: Gibson says that delaminating cells generally "fall out of the epithelium" and are killed off by apoptosis, a mechanism healthy tissues use to eradicate damaged cells. (stowers.org)

Here we show that coherence is set by spontaneous alignments of cell polarity by designing cellular rings of controlled dimensions. (hal.science)
A tug-of-war between opposite polarities dictates the onset of coherence, as assessed by tracking live cellular shapes and motions in various experimental conditions. (hal.science)
Primary cilia are assembled on different types of human cells depending on their state and activities in response to cellular quiescence where they relay extracellular signals and retract upon cell cycle re-entry [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
We also found that these properties of CagA have consequences for cellular transformation of the epithelium. (stanford.edu)
In CIN2 and CIN3, the cervical epithelial abnormalities extend to the middle third and the upper third of the thickness of the cervical epithelium, respectively, and the cellular abnormalities become progressively more severe. (iarc.fr)
Asymmetric cell divisions, in which cellular components, such as existing adherens junctions, are distributed unequally to daughter cells can result in one daughter cell leaving the epithelium. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, symmetric divisions in epithelia divide cellular components equally, and usually results in both daughter cells remaining in the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
These findings bring along a paradox - not only do signals instruct cells and organize discrete cellular patterns, but cells also control the patterns of signal presentation and reception by organizing the distribution of cytonemes and cytoneme contacts 6 , 9 . (biorxiv.org)
Using mosaic analysis and RNAi in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we show that Dystroglycan is required cell-autonomously for cellular polarity in two different cell types, the epithelial cells (apicobasal polarity) and the oocyte (anteroposterior polarity). (lu.se)
Nowhere is that clearer on a cellular level than in the case of epithelial sheets, single layers of cells that line every body cavity from the gut to mammary glands. (stowers.org)
As long as epithelial cells pack tightly and adhere to their neighbors, the cellular business of building tissue barriers and constructing ducts goes smoothly. (stowers.org)

Epithelia suspended in collagen gels can lose polarity and express characteristics of migrating mesenchymal cells. (rupress.org)
The cells lose polarity. (fuyanpills.com)

Apicobasal polarity is critical to the specialized functions of these epithelia. (hindawi.com)
Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. (hindawi.com)
We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)

Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). (cshlpress.com)
In blue are the primary cilia ("antennae") leaving the cells via their apical poles. (pasteur.fr)
First, we investigated the presence and localisation of primary cilia in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Studies in zebrafish demonstrated defects in cell migration, cell spreading, and primary cilia assembly in the presence of mutant OCRL1. (medscape.com)

One major line of research on the process of carcinogenesis lies in understanding the mechanisms underpinning the establishment of polarity. (pasteur.fr)
The GTPases Rac and Cdc42 play a pivotal role in the establishment of cell polarity by stimulating biogenesis of tight junctions (TJs). (rupress.org)
I only feel comfortable to annotate it to GO:0030010: "establishment of cell polarity" and GO:0016055 "Wnt receptor signaling pathway" since I don't see any evidence from the paper to say it "activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity", as it states in the definition of GO:0060071. (geneontology.org)
Also in the definition of GO:0001736 "establishment of planar polarity", it particular says epithelium. (geneontology.org)

In addition, such studies could facilitate targeted expression of potentially therapeutic genes to the vestibular system epithelium. (nih.gov)

It is concluded from these experiments that the three-dimensional collagen gel can promote dissociation, migration, and acquisition of secretory organelles by differentiated epithelial cells, and can abolish the apical-basal cell polarity characteristic of the original epithelium. (rupress.org)
However the onset of coherent motion during collective cell migration is still poorly understood. (hal.science)
The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. (cshlpress.com)
Cell growth, cell migration , and gene expression are influenced by the interaction between cells and their extracellular matrix. (asu.edu)
We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
Abl is an essential regulator of cell migration and morphogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. (biologists.com)
The Abelson non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abl) family has been implicated in a broad range of biological processes, such as oncogenesis, cell growth, adhesion, migration, neurite extension and growth cone motility (for a review, see Pendergast, 2002 ). (biologists.com)

In epithelial cells, apical-basal polarity is maintained through the formation of several intercellular adhesion systems consisting of adherens junctions (AJs), desmosomes, and tight junctions (TJs). (rupress.org)
On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
Restitution of Wnt-5a signalling in breast tumour cells confer better adhesion and ability to activate DDR1 as well as a less malignant-looking phenotype. (lu.se)

Kai Simons (born 24 May 1938) is a Finnish professor of biochemistry and cell biology and physician living and working in Germany. (wikipedia.org)
In years 1982-1998 Simons was a coordinator of the Cell Biology Program there. (wikipedia.org)
He was one of the initiators of establishing and building Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden (Germany), where he moved. (wikipedia.org)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.com)
1) Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris, France. (pasteur.fr)
Insights into the biology of stem cells will be gained by confirmation and characterization of candidate MaSC markers identified in this study. (frontiersin.org)
The starting point for this work was the lab's 2011 Current Biology paper showing that when columnar cells packed in an epithelium divided, their upper (apical) end briefly ballooned out to allow the cell's nucleus to move into that region. (stowers.org)
In other words, if you pointed a tiny camera in your gut toward dividing epithelial cells of its lining, you would "see" the mitotic spindle looking like a symmetrical web, exactly like it did in your high school biology textbook. (stowers.org)

In 1974, Hay showed that the extracellular matrix, a collection of structural molecules that surround cells, influences cell behavior. (asu.edu)
Composed almost entirely of sheets of close-packed cells very little extracellular material. (powershow.com)

Work over the past 20 years has defined a conserved set of polarity factors that define the apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells, but how these are related to cancer formation is currently unknown. (cam.ac.uk)

SFRP5 and SFRP1 may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor cells in the retina. (innov-research.com)

By revealing the role of Rab35 in polarity, they have demonstrated how this GTPase could be involved in the tumor process, explaining the oncogenic effect of Rab35 mutations recently detected in some patients. (pasteur.fr)

By systematically varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries and position. (elifesciences.org)

Elongated cells derived from the apical surface develop pseudopodia and filopodia characteristic of migratory cells and acquire a morphology and ultrastructure virtually indistinguishable from that of mesenchymal cells in vivo. (rupress.org)
Directed flows of cells in vivo are essential in morphogenesis. (hal.science)
These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)

A number of different adult and embryonic epithelia were suspended within native collagen gels. (rupress.org)
Epithelial cells from adult and embryonic anterior lens were studied in detail. (rupress.org)
Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
Moreover, it has recently been shown that mouse and human ES cells can develop into a three-dimentional (3D) optic cup in culture that remarkably resembles the embryonic vertebrate eye 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
To understand how B-Raf itself is regulated, we combined mass spectrometry with genetic approaches to map its interactome in MCF-10A cells as well as in B-Raf deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and B-Raf/Raf-1 double deficient DT40 lymphoma cells complemented with wildtype or mutant B-Raf expression vectors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
During development, intercellular communication of morphogens is critical for embryonic cells to determine their positional identity, directionality, and interactions in an organized pattern to sculpt tissue. (biorxiv.org)

In Drosophila , FGF produced in wing-disc cells regulates the development of the disc-associated air-sac-primordium (ASP). (biorxiv.org)
Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion and signaling. (biorxiv.org)

Applying epithelial model cells - MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney), he investigated lipid transport, protein sorting and their role in polarizing cells. (wikipedia.org)
In subsequent years, Simons continued to work on the role of lipid rafts, and more generally lipids, in cell polarization and protein sorting. (wikipedia.org)
They also discovered that the location of the apical domain is dependent on a direct link between Rab35 and another apical protein, Podocalyxin, which is already known to control polarity and is involved in tumor progression. (pasteur.fr)
Research shows that the FAT4 protein may be involved in determining the position of various components within cells (cell polarity). (medlineplus.gov)
The abnormal protein cannot play its role in the formation of the lymphatic vessel epithelium. (medlineplus.gov)
This Human Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 ELISA Kit from Innovative Research is intended for quantitative detection of human SFRP5 in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). (innov-research.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
However, agonist-dependent activation of cell surface receptors is sometimes required to promote interaction with a PDZ protein. (embl.de)
We found that disrupting forces through chemical inhibitors, depletion of an adherens junction protein, or blocking mesoderm invagination disrupted Pins planar polarity and spindle orientation. (elifesciences.org)
In symmetric epithelial cell divisions, spindle orientation also depends on Pins, which is recruited to the lateral cortex by the lateral domain protein, Discs large (Dlg). (elifesciences.org)
Tight junctions are protein complexes that completely encircle a cell and thus connect it to all its neighboring cells and makes it impossible for anything to pass btwn them. (powershow.com)

The cell shows characteristic vacuolation, and the mitotic figures of the cells are very common, without any significant atypia. (fuyanpills.com)

To use the proper terminology, they are organized with an apical pole and basolateral pole ('apical-basal' polarity). (pasteur.fr)

This timely and thoughtful compendium beautifully summarizes the mechanisms governing cell polarity in discrete and thorough reviews. (cshlpress.com)

We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)

On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
The blue arrow points directly at the nucleus of an endothelial cell. (powershow.com)

Overexpression of Cmb causes the formation of a multiple hair cell phenotype (MHC), similar to loss of rok and mwh. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

Cytokine defects have also been reported in mammalian cell lines lacking OCRL1 attributed to dysregulation of actin assembly. (medscape.com)

In this study, we show that the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 (T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis) controls the cell polarity of epidermal keratinocytes. (rupress.org)
This article will address the importance of polarizing processes and their molecular regulators in epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis and discuss how alterations in polarity may contribute to skin disease. (uni-koeln.de)

Yet, whether and how cell geometry and polarity domains compete with each other not only to determine the orientation but also the centering of the mitotic spindle leading to equal or unequal cell divisions (UCDs) remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Retention of labeled DNA strands may be attributed to the ability of stem cells to retain the parental DNA strand during asymmetric cell division ( Cairns, 1975 ) or to quiescence of the stem cell population such that the DNA label is not diluted by frequent cell divisions ( Klein and Simons, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Here, we identify Pins-mediated planar cell polarized divisions in several of the mitotic domains of the early Drosophila embryo. (elifesciences.org)

During my postdoc studies at Cornell with Professor Anthony Bretscher, I studied MERLIN ― a member of the ERM family that is involved in cell polarization and the molecular mechanisms underlying hereditary neurofibromatosis type 2. (arvo.org)
The polarization of cells is essential for the proper functioning of most organs. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The finding that gastrulation-induced forces are required for asymmetric localization of an important and evolutionarily conserved spindle orientation factor, Pins, will be of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)

J Cell Biol (1982) 95 (1): 333-339. (rupress.org)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)
J Cell Biol (2005) 170 (7): 1029-1037. (rupress.org)

The Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, directed at the Institut Pasteur by Arnaud Echard (Institut Pasteur/CNRS UMR 3691), is looking into apical-basal polarity acquisition mechanisms during cell division when organs are being formed. (pasteur.fr)
Epithelia are layers of cells that cover the surface of our bodies and internal organs. (pasteur.fr)
Most of our tissue and organs are composed of cells that adhere to each other to form epithelial sheets and tubes that act as a barriers between our insides and the outside world. (cam.ac.uk)

In Dystroglycan germline clones early oocyte polarity markers fail to be localized to the posterior, and oocyte cortical F-actin organization is abnormal. (lu.se)
Dystroglycan is also required non-cell-autonomously to organize the planar polarity of basal actin in follicle cells, possibly by organizing the Laminin ECM. (lu.se)

Understanding how signals might inform cells of their positional identity, directionality, and interactions and organize these functions in diverse tissue-specific patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. (biorxiv.org)

Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)

COPD is characterised by airway epithelium remodelling, a hallmark of dysregulated airway epithelium plasticity [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Wnt-5a signalling is thus involved in the activation of DDR1 as well as in hampering NFAT activity, both of which affect the migratory capacity of tumour cells. (lu.se)

Disrupting Pins polarity via overexpression of a myristoylated version of Pins caused randomized division angles. (elifesciences.org)
Loss of Dystroglycan function in follicle and disc epithelia results in expansion of apical markers to the basal side of cells and overexpression results in a reduced apical localization of these same markers. (lu.se)

Compared to the endothelium, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of infiltrated or tissue-resident immune cells with parenchymal barriers have not been so extensively studied. (hindawi.com)

Together with mucus-secreting goblet cells within the stratified epithelium, melanocytic cells are found in the basal layer of the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)

These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Subsequent un-anchoring of FGFR-bound-FGF from the source cell membrane dissociates cytoneme contacts and delivers FGF target-specifically to ASP cytonemes for paracrine functions. (biorxiv.org)
However, no one cell can carry out all the necessary bodily functions by itself. (powershow.com)

For instance, we showed that H. pylori affect the activity and state of epithelial stem cells in the stomach by colonizing the epithelial surface deep in the gastric glands. (stanford.edu)

Stem Cells Transl Med. (mayo.edu)
Disease modeling studies using induced pluripotent stem cells: are we using enough controls? (mayo.edu)
Hay also discovered a phenomenon later called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, a process that occurs during normal embryo and adult development in which epithelial cells, cells that line external and internal surfaces of the body, transform into mesenchymal stem cells , connective tissue cells that are capable of turning into other cell types. (asu.edu)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential for the modelling of these diseases or as potential therapeutic agents. (nature.com)
However, the paper uses satellite stem cells. (geneontology.org)

Premalignant squamous lesions of the oral cavity are areas of altered epithelium that are at an increased risk for progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (medscape.com)
The tissue diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in situ. (medscape.com)
The tissue diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma, minimally invasive. (medscape.com)
The major risk factors for oral squamous dysplasia-and for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-are tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in Western societies, with other important factors, including the use of areca nut/betel quid in other societies, particularly within India and Southeast Asia, associated with an extremely high oral cancer incidence in these countries (see below). (medscape.com)
Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate that reduced FEV 1 increases squamous cell carcinoma risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence intervals: 1.21-1.88), while reduced FEV 1 /FVC increases the risk of adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.17, 1.01-1.35) and lung cancer in never smokers (OR = 1.56, 1.05-2.30). (nature.com)

The cells are often arranged in a pseudostratified layer because of lack of secretion. (fuyanpills.com)
Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and activates target-specific bidirectional FGF-FGFR signaling through cytonemes. (biorxiv.org)

After total Ca2+ depletion, more severe alterations were found, i.e., contraction of cells and marked dilation of intercellular clefts. (nih.gov)

They shape living matter in phenomena involving cell mechanics and regulations of the acto-myosin cytoskeleton. (hal.science)

Most tumors originate in the epithelial tissue and loss of polarity is a common occurrence in tumor progression. (pasteur.fr)
In addition, the normal systematic arrangement of the different layers of the epithelium is lost (this is called a loss of polarity) as the cells become cancerous. (iarc.fr)
Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. (hindawi.com)

This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. (cshlpress.com)
Their findings provide a new perspective on the roles of cell polarity and shape in the control of spindle positioning, and are of broad interest to cell and developmental biologists. (elifesciences.org)

Most animal cells are polarized, with structurally and functionally distinct regions. (cshlpress.com)
These poles constitute distinct, specialized domains that enable the transport of compounds from the cell interior to the external environment and vice versa. (pasteur.fr)
I will then discuss evidence that suggests that one reason why progress has been slow is because different epithelia polarise by distinct mechanisms. (cam.ac.uk)

I will discuss the canonical model of epithelial polarity and describe a new component of this system that may explain how polarity is disrupted in some cancers. (cam.ac.uk)

Anatomy64

Organisms20

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Planar Cell Pol4

Retinal8

Proliferation6

Pathways5

Differentiation10

Pseudostratified columnar2

Breast epithelium1

Proteins5

Vitro7

Tissues10

Cellular12

Lose polarity2

Apicobasal polarity3

Cilia4

Establishment4

Genes1

Migration7

Adhesion3

Biology8

Extracellular2

Apical and basolateral1

Photoreceptor cells1

Mutations1

Modulate1

Vivo3

Embryonic6

Regulates2

Protein12

Characteristic1

Basolateral1

Mechanisms gove1

Mammary1

Endothelial2

Phenotype1

Defects1

Epidermal2

Divisions3

Polarization2

Asymmetric1

Biol3

Organs3

Actin2

Morphogenesis1

Spindle orientation1

Plasticity1

Tumour cells1

Overexpression2

Extensively studied1

Basal layer1

Functions3

Epithelial stem cells1

Stem cells5

Squamous cell carc5

Secretion2

Alterations1

Cytoskeleton1

Loss3

Developmental biologists2

Distinct3

Canonical1