• We measured the effects of cytokine exposure of CF and non-CF well-differentiated main human being airway epithelial cells on TJ properties including transepithelial resistance paracellular permeability to hydrophilic solutes and the TJ proteins occludin claudin-1 claudin-4 junctional adhesion molecule and ZO-1. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Airway epithelial cells can dynamically regulate paracellular permeability in response to both physiologic and pathologic stimuli [6] , [11] . (plos.org)
  • AQP5 can regulate paracellular permeability in primary airway epithelial cells [6] . (plos.org)
  • In airway epithelial cells, altered AQP5 abundance is associated with changes in actin organization and in desmoplakin localization, which could contribute to the changes in paracellular permeability. (plos.org)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
  • The lysosomal accumulation of cystine leads to severe dysfunction of the epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule of the kidney, causing defective endocytosis and massive losses of solutes in the urine. (uzh.ch)
  • The latter destabilizes tight junctions and activates an abnormal YBX3 (Y box binding protein 3) transcriptional program driving a loss of differentiation and defective apical endocytosis in cystinosis cells. (uzh.ch)
  • Structure and assembly of desmosome junctions: biosynthesis, processing, and transport of the major protein and glycoprotein components in cultured epithelial cells. (rupress.org)
  • Extracts of metabolically labeled cultured epithelial cells have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE, using antisera to the major high molecular mass proteins and glycoproteins (greater than 100 kD) from desmosomes of bovine muzzle epidermis. (rupress.org)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • Background/Aims: In the current study we examined if the adipocytokine, visfatin, alters connexin-mediated intercellular communication in proximal tubule-derived epithelial cells. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • The loss in gap-junction associated proteins was mirrored by a loss in functional conductance between coupled cells. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • These data suggest that visfatin reduces connexin-mediated intercellular communication in proximal tubule-derived epithelial cells via a TGF-β dependent pathway. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Epithelial polarity is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial cells feature distinct 'apical', 'lateral' and 'basal' plasma membrane domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epithelial cells connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form epithelial sheets that line cavities and surfaces throughout the animal body. (wikipedia.org)
  • How epithelial cells generate and maintain polarity remains unclear, but certain molecules have been found to play a key role. (wikipedia.org)
  • How epithelial cells polarize is still not fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
  • In similar models, researchers have shown that epithelial cells can self-assemble into a rich set of robust biological shapes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some epithelial cells, PIP2 is apically localised while PIP3 is basolaterally localised. (wikipedia.org)
  • INTRODUCTION Tight junctions (TJs) are characteristically located at the apicolateral borders of adjacent epithelial cells and are responsible for the selective regulation AG-1024 of the passage of ions and neutral molecules through the paracellular space. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Tight junctions (TJ) are multi-protein complexes that hold epithelial cells together and form structural and functional barriers for maintaining proper biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Barrier functions of TJ were examined in wild-type or DUSP3-deficient lung epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normal epithelial cells, particularly in simple epithelium, have apical and basal-lateral polarity and form barrier against environmental challenges. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During oncogenesis, cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lose their polarity, and gain higher migratory and invasive abilities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In these processes, cancer cells usually have dysfunctional cell-cell junctions, especially in AJ and TJ [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During EMT, the strong AJs formed by E-cadherin are replaced by weak N-cadherin interaction, allowing epithelial cells to escape from the homotypic interactions that tie them to adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that LKB1 can induce complete polarity in intestinal epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Using RNA-Seq, we identified a total of 163 and 568 differentially expressed genes in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that were exposed to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, respectively. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we utilized primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells that are cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI) to mimic the in vivo airway characteristics 30 . (nature.com)
  • DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. (nature.com)
  • Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. (nature.com)
  • Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells ( Dnmt3a ΔIEC ) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have evolved to build a complex physiological barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying mucosal tissue. (nature.com)
  • In children diagnosed with IBD, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of purified intestinal epithelial cells clearly distinguishes between healthy individuals and the IBD group 8 . (nature.com)
  • Our experiments were designed to establish a model of anti-damage which LGR-1 was used to protect bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) from inflammatory damage and cell destruction caused by T. pyogenes. (preprints.org)
  • In this study, the protective effect of a fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) against LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 porcine intestinal epithelial cells was studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Medullary epithelial cells (mTEC), in conjunction with dendritic cells, then take over control of developing thymocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • We demonstrated for the first time the group size-dependent directional migratory response in several types of epithelial cells. (ca.gov)
  • Our study thus identifies a novel mechanism--E-cadherin dependence and coordinated traction forces of leading cells in collective directional migration of large epithelial sheets. (ca.gov)
  • For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
  • In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Cells in the epithelium of the stomach are bound by tight junctions that repel harsh fluids that may injure the stomach lining. (wikipedia.org)
  • A special mucus covering, derived from mucus secreted by surface epithelial cells and Foveolar cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • Bicarbonate ions, secreted by the surface epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Freeze-fracture replica electron microscopic image of intestinal epithelial cells. (pharmacology2000.com)
  • In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)
  • In polarized epithelium, adhesion between adjacent cells is mediated by intercellular junctions, namely, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes [14] . (plos.org)
  • Thymoma is a neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic cells and macrophages found in large quantities at the corticomedullary junction arise from mesodermal tissues (bone marrow). (medscape.com)
  • The epithelial cells and these other stromal tissues of the thymus influence the selection and maturation of the T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • In the normal thymus, bone marrow-derived precursor cells destined to become thymocytes (or T lymphocytes) enter the thymus at the corticomedullary junction and differentiate as they pass through the thymus. (medscape.com)
  • From the corticomedullary junction, the cells enter the medulla or circulate in the periphery to other lymphoid structures (ie, lymph nodes). (medscape.com)
  • The lymphocytes' selection process and developmental progression are influenced by direct contact between the TCR-CD3 complex on the thymocyte and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complex on thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Epithelial cells remove excess hydrogen ions (H+) via membrane transport systems and have tight junctions, which prevent back diffusion of H+ ions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Also, because NSAIDs are weak acids and are nonionized at gastric pH, they diffuse freely across the mucus barrier into gastric epithelial cells, where H+ ions are liberated, leading to cellular damage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that IL-1β causes an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability both in in vivo animal and in vitro cell culture model systems. (psu.edu)
  • The IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability has been postulated to be an important pathogenic mechanism contributing to intestinal inflammation. (psu.edu)
  • These studies provide novel insight into the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability. (psu.edu)
  • Septate junctions (SJs) are occluding cell-cell junctions that have roles in paracellular permeability and barrier function in the epithelia of invertebrates. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Knockdown of mesh during adulthood did not disrupt tubule epithelial and sSJ integrity but decreased the transepithelial potential, diminished transepithelial fluid and ion transport, and decreased paracellular permeability to 4-kDa dextran. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The apical-most epithelial intercellular junction, i.e., the tight junction, regulates paracellular solute and ion permeability. (jove.com)
  • Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)
  • Dynamic changes in airway epithelial paracellular permeability allow for receptor-ligand access across the airway epithelium, and thereby regulate cell signaling [11] . (plos.org)
  • Thus, we examined epithelial polarity establishment during early Drosophila development. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, Baz acts upstream of AJs during epithelial polarity establishment. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, although epithelial polarity develops in the absence of AJs, AJs play specific roles in maintaining epithelial architecture and segregating basolateral cues. (rupress.org)
  • In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
  • Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
  • AJs localize to the boundary between the apical and basolateral domains, and are thought to be critical landmarks for establishing epithelial polarity ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • A variety of molecules are located at the apical membrane, but only a few key molecules act as determinants that are required to maintain the identity of the apical membrane and, thus, epithelial polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of these two complexes, the aPKC complex is the most important for epithelial polarity, being required even when the Crumbs complex is not. (wikipedia.org)
  • These three proteins all localize to the basolateral domain and are essential for basolateral identity and for epithelial polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In at least one cultured cell line, the MDCK cell, this system is required for epithelial polarity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
  • We have now constructed intestinal epithelial cell lines in which inducible STRAD activates LKB1. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, CD97 increases the structural integrity of enterocytic adherens junctions by increasing and stabilizing junctional beta-catenin, thereby regulating intestinal epithelial strength and attenuating experimental colitis. (nih.gov)
  • Under conditions of homeostasis, dynamic changes in the length of individual adherens junctions (AJs) provide epithelia with the fluidity required to maintain tissue integrity in the face of intrinsic and extrinsic forces. (unige.ch)
  • Rao, MV & Zaidel-Bar, R 2015, ' Actin Polymerization by the Formin Fmnl3 Supports Epithelial Cell-Cell Junction Integrity during Collective Cell Migration ', Molecular Biology of the Cell , vol. 26. (tau.ac.il)
  • Furthermore, LPS-triggered partial disruption of epithelial integrity was reduced after FWGE application. (hindawi.com)
  • Our findings suggest a cascade that links lysosomal disease, defective autophagy and epithelial dysfunction, providing new perspectives for cystinosis and lysosomal storage disorders. (uzh.ch)
  • Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS. (karger.com)
  • In Tg murine and normal human colonic enterocytes as well as in colorectal cell lines CD97 was localized preferentially in E-cadherin-based adherens junctions. (nih.gov)
  • The principal function of this basolateral membrane is to take up metabolic waste products into the epithelial cell for disposal into the lumen where it is transported out of the body as urine. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, cell-cell junctions do not always negatively regulate cancer development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the regulation of cell-cell junctions is a dynamic process during cancer progression, and the regulatory mechanisms are warranted for further studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several functional components of the epithelium contribute to this unique role, among them the secretion of a mucus layer and life-long regeneration of the different epithelial cell types from a stem cell compartment, allowing for quick repair of barrier defects 2 . (nature.com)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we cover how the non-epithelial compartment of thymic stroma represent essential cell populations in regulating thymus function. (frontiersin.org)
  • JAM3 expression in cell-cell junctions decreased with the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts. (bioone.org)
  • In wound healing and development, large epithelial sheets migrate collectively, in defined directions, and maintain tight cell-cell adhesion. (ca.gov)
  • Pretreatment with C-BF prevented LPS induced intestinal tight junction disruption and epithelial cell apoptosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In vitro studies in resistive human lung epithelial cell monolayers grown at an air-liquid interface have supported these in vivo observations. (ersjournals.com)
  • A compact epithelial cell lining. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each tight-junction strand within a plasma membrane associates laterally with another tight-junction strand in the apposed membrane of an adjacent cell to form a paired tight-junction strand, obliterating the intercellular space (kissing point). (pharmacology2000.com)
  • Hydropic epithelial cell degenerations and moderate tubular dilatation were observed in some proximal and distal tubules. (fluoridealert.org)
  • There were markedly focal mononuclear cell infiltrations and hemorrhage at some areas of the interstitium, especially at the corticomedullar junction. (fluoridealert.org)
  • A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET) and Its Impact in the Development and Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (lu.se)
  • Epithelial restricted junctions (TJs) provide an important route for passive electrolyte transport across airway epithelium and provide a barrier to the migration of harmful materials from your lumen to the interstitium. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
  • Impaired epithelial barrier function is regarded as a key feature of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 3 . (nature.com)
  • We find that neighbor exchange events are driven by stochastic fluctuations in junction length, regulated in part by junctional actomyosin. (unige.ch)
  • However, the signalling pathways and the molecular processes that mediate the IL-1β modulation of intestinal epithelial TJ barrier remain unclear. (psu.edu)
  • Schatzki ring is a benign, thin, circular mucosal and submucosal membrane seen at the squamocolumnar junction of the distal esophagus that does not contain muscularis propria. (medscape.com)
  • Here, a protocol for the preparation of mucosal sheets and assessment of the ion selectivity of tight junctions using Ussing chamber technique is described. (jove.com)
  • Mucosal blood flow removes excess acid that has diffused across the epithelial layer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Each plasma membrane domain has a distinct protein composition, giving them distinct properties and allowing directional transport of molecules across the epithelial sheet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dnmt3a ΔIEC mice suffer from increased susceptibility to experimental colitis, characterized by reduced epithelial regeneration. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we further demonstrated that butyrate treatment could enhance the extracellular tight junction protein complex as effective as the treatments with SL and FSP to the Apc Min/+ mice. (edu.hk)
  • Our study revealed that DUSP3 is an important TJ regulatory protein and its decrease may be involved in progression of epithelial cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • therefore, abnormalities of TJ are frequently observed in epithelial cancers [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms linking lysosomal defect and epithelial dysfunction were unknown, preventing the development of disease-modifying therapies. (uzh.ch)
  • Here we demonstrated the role of DUSP3 in regulation of epithelial TJ. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) play key roles in establishing and maintaining epithelial structure ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • Tubules of flies with developmental mesh knockdown revealed defects in epithelial architecture, sSJ molecular and structural organization, and lack of urine production in basal and kinin-stimulated conditions, resulting in edema and early adult lethality. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The activated Elk-1 translocated to the nucleus and binds to the cis-binding motif on myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) promoter region, triggering MLCK gene activation, MLCK mRNA transcription and MLCK protein synthesis and MLCK catalysed opening of the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier. (psu.edu)
  • Transepithelial resistance was not altered in Tg and Ko mice, indicating that tight junctions were not affected. (nih.gov)
  • After 12 days of exposure, all mice had foci of peribronchiolar fibrosis and bronchiolar epithelial mucous metaplasia. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulmonary inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and lymph node translocation after multi-walled carbon nanotube inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • In lung, the principal changes were 1) inflammation centered around the bronchioloalveolar junction, 2) vasculitis, and 3) bronchiolar epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia. (cdc.gov)
  • These data demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3A in orchestrating intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue damage and suggest an involvement of impaired epithelial DNMT3A function in the etiology of IBD. (nature.com)
  • Correction of the primary lysosomal defect, neutralization of mitochondrial oxidative stress, or blockage of tight junction-associated YBX3 signaling rescue epithelial function and endocytic uptake. (uzh.ch)
  • We propose a model in which the local variance in tension between junctions determines whether actomyosin-based forces will inhibit or drive the topological transitions that either refine or deform a tissue. (unige.ch)
  • Using dilution potentials, you can measure the permselectivity and get an understanding of tight junctions in a tissue. (jove.com)