Epithelial dense mucins. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, the dense arrays of O-glycans also create large protease-resistant regions that provide binding sites for commensal microbes and pathogens, thus preventing them from binding epithelial cells 8 , 9 . (nature.com)

Although some mucins are membrane-bound due to the presence of a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain that favors retention in the plasma membrane, most mucins are secreted as principal components of mucus by mucous membranes or are secreted to become a component of saliva. (wikipedia.org)
The interactions between commensal microbiota and host mucins drive intestinal colonization, while at the same time, the microbiota can utilize the glycans on mucins and affect the colonic mucus properties. (bvsalud.org)
The most abundant mucus protein in the mucosal layer is mucin 2 (MUC2). (layerorigin.com)
Alongside the mucus layer, the epithelial cell layer makes up the physical barrier within the gut [iv] . (layerorigin.com)
Mucus depends on mucins, biopolymers with a protein backbone and an attached forest of sugar molecules. (mit.edu)
Mucus doesn't kill them, but it prevents them from doing bad things, for example, colonizing your epithelial surfaces and expressing certain virulence factors. (mit.edu)
Comparison of penetration data with cryogenic scanning EM images of mucus and the applied model systems suggested particularly high rigidity of the mucin scaffold and a broad pore size distribution in mucus as reasons for the observed particle immobilization. (omicsdi.org)
Mucins - the proteins that make up the protective layer of mucus in the large intestine and the glycocalyx layer in the small intestine - are similar in shape to bottle brushes. (akademiliv.se)
If we can make good progress toward creating a good artificial system with human cells and artificial mucus that resembles the native mucus in our bodies, this would provide better conditions for studying the interactions between epithelial cells and bacteria," adds Thaher. (akademiliv.se)
The brush-like layer consists of protective molecules that keep sticky mucus from reaching the cilia and epithelial cells, thus ensuring the normal flow of mucus. (forteana.org)
Ribbeck and her colleagues study compounds called mucins in mucus. (forteana.org)
Mucus has for too long been considered bad in general public, but also in medicine,' said Gunnar C. Hansson, who studies mucin compounds at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and was not a member of the team behind the new work. (forteana.org)
Mucus and mucins are extremely complex to study and has been lagging almost all other types of biomedical research. (forteana.org)
The identification of the genes associated with increased airway mucin production in humans should be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of airway mucus hypersecretion and identifying therapeutic targets. (biomedcentral.com)
This novel strategy enabled identification of a 73 "MUC5AC-associated core gene" list with 9 categories, which control a series of processes from mucin biosynthesis to mucus secretion. (biomedcentral.com)

Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins that serve a variety of roles in organisms from lubrication to cell-signaling to defense 7 . (nature.com)
Additionally, there is concomitant production of mucins, immunoglobulins (secretory IgA and IgG), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and β-defensins, and other antimicrobial proteins, which all together provide a formidable first line of defense against infection. (frontiersin.org)
Mucins (/ˈmjuːsɪn/) are a family of high molecular weight, heavily glycosylated proteins (glycoconjugates) produced by epithelial tissues in most animals. (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of the mucin proteins, especially MUC1, is associated with many types of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
In the mouth, mucins can also recruit anti-microbial proteins such as statherins and histatine 1, which further reduces risk of infection. (wikipedia.org)
Mucins are secreted as massive aggregates of proteins with molecular masses of roughly 1 to 10 million Da. (wikipedia.org)
Some microbiota members are known to encode multiple proteins that are predicted to bind and/or cleave mucin glycans. (bvsalud.org)
Along the epithelial layer are mucin proteins that help to form a gel across the top. (layerorigin.com)
The next layer is the epithelial layer, a single, continuous layer of intestinal epithelial cells or IECs that are tightly attached to one another at junction proteins. (layerorigin.com)
Intestinal differentiation marker proteins Villin, Mucin 2 and glycocalyx were expressed and distributed on the apical side of the colon. (daxiangbio.com)
Sando and colleagues demonstrated that a principal milk fat globule membrane protein is the milk mucin named MUC-1, which is densely decorated with a variety of sugars that also resemble the sugar structures on proteins present on the surface of gut cells [10]. (milkgenomics.org)

Upon stimulation, MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate) protein coordinates the secretion of mucin from mucin-filled vesicles within the specialized epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Associated features like degeneration, necrosis, or mucin secretion could additional improve the confusion connected with diagnosing of malignancy. (biopaqc.com)
Little is known about the gene networks associated with the synthesis and secretion of mucins in the human small airway epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)

High estrogen states, as seen during puberty and pregnancy, promote the preservation of a homeostatic (eubiotic) vaginal microenvironment by stimulating the maturation and proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the accumulation of glycogen. (frontiersin.org)
At puberty and during pregnancy, elevated levels of estrogen promote the maturation of and deposition of glycogen in vaginal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Glycogen from exfoliated and lysed epithelial cells is catabolized by α-amylase in the vaginal lumen to smaller polymers that are subsequently metabolized to lactic acid by Lactobacillus spp. (frontiersin.org)
Lactic acid and cytolysin produced by Lactobacilli stimulate the dissolution of epithelial cells by lysis and enhance the availability of glycogen. (frontiersin.org)
This is reinforced by Lactobacilli through the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), bacteriocins and biosurfactants, as well as the inhibition of the physical attachment of pathogens to the epithelium by competitive exclusion and the promotion of the engulfment and degradation of infected epithelial cells (autophagy). (frontiersin.org)
DSRCT is composed of small cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and a dense fibrous or spindle cell stroma. (medscape.com)
Eleven mucins are expressed by the eye surface epithelia, goblet cells and associated glands, even though most of them are expressed at very low levels. (wikipedia.org)
That's because the bacteria can thrive on the mucins produced by the cells in your gut even if there are no nutrients available. (layerorigin.com)
For example, epithelial cells are strongly associated with innate immunity. (layerorigin.com)
On the traditional Transwell, the cells only maintain a dense cobblestone structure. (daxiangbio.com)
However, with the support of dynamic fluid, intestinal epithelial cells can now form a more complex 3D structure that closely resembles the human body. (daxiangbio.com)
That study determined that WUPyV was present in epithelial cells from a bronchoalveolar lavage from a lung transplant recipient with Job syndrome. (cdc.gov)
PCB develop from the epithelial cells that line the outer surfaces of ducts leading from exocrine glands or organs, blood vessels, or inner surfaces of the cavities in many internal organs. (wikipedia.org)
PCB are carcinomas derived from the epithelial cells of mammary gland ducts. (wikipedia.org)
and 5) the presence of signet ring-shaped cells bearing mucin-containing granules. (wikipedia.org)
The microscopic histopathology of typical PDCIS lesions (refer to adjacent high-power photomicrograph) prepared with a hematoxylin and eosin stain consists of mammary ducts that have papillary fronds (i.e. thin, finger-like or leaf-like structures) lined with one or several layers of neoplastic, columnar-shaped epithelial cells (i.e. tall, narrow cells with their nuclei close to the site of their ductal attachment). (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial cells lining the fronds' inner surfaces commonly form solid, cribriform (i.e. large nests of cells perforated by many rounded, variably sized spaces), or micro-papillary patterns. (wikipedia.org)
There may be a second population of epithelial cells lining the papillae that have abundant clear cytoplasm in addition to the usual neoplastic epithelial cells which line the papillae. (wikipedia.org)
Yeast cells in mucins remain in the benign form, which the body presumably can tolerate," she says. (mit.edu)
The supervised evaluation took benefit of SCGB1A1 as a distinctive marker for membership cells, KRT5 for BC, DNAI1 (dynein axonemal intermediate string 1) for ciliated cells, and MUC5AC for mucin-secreting cells (5, 7, 22, 23, 26). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
TEM evaluation from the brushed cells included cells with traditional membership cell features, such as 0.3- to 1 1.0-m dense granules and easy endoplasmic reticulum in the apical cytoplasm, and 1:1 to 2 2:1 cytoplasmic to nuclear UMB24 ratio (Figures 1E and 1F). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
Scanning electron microscopy displayed severe loss of normal array of concentric microridges, swelling of microridges, damage in epithelial cells and appearance of vacuoles on the stratified epithelium, while loss of regular pattern of microridges were observed under field condition. (omicsonline.org)
Simple squamous Epithelial Cells. (freezingblue.com)
The EU is investing the equivalent of just over SEK 32 million in recruiting ten doctoral students to various European research groups studying how epithelial cells build up contact surfaces in different organs that handle bacteria. (akademiliv.se)
The network aims to understand how epithelial cells, for example those in the gut, organize themselves to absorb vital nutrients while also keeping out harmful microorganisms such as bacteria. (akademiliv.se)
These diseases are triggered by bacteria coming into direct contact with the epithelial cells of the gut, but the underlying causes and susceptibilities are completely unknown. (akademiliv.se)
The small intestine's glycocalyx consists of long bottle brush-shaped mucins that are anchored to the surface of the cells. (akademiliv.se)
In addition to their action on macrophages and airway epithelial cells, DEP also modulate the functions of dendritic cells (DC). (biomedcentral.com)
DEP exert immunoregulatory functions through their first action on resident cells in the lung including macrophages, airway epithelial cells, and dendritic cells (DC). (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas alveolar macrophages mainly reside in the alveolar region of the lung, immature myeloid DC (mDC) constitute a dense network in close proximity to airway epithelial cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The conjunctiva is dense in mucin-producing glands including goblet cells, Crypts of Henle and glands of Manz. (reviewofoptometry.com)
[ 2 ] The arachnoid cells have several proposed functions, including acting as a structural barrier with cellular wrapping/ensheathing, acting as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage/absorption into dural sinuses/veins (arachnoid villi), epithelial-like/secretory functions, monocytelike functions, trophic support and byproduct detoxification for glial and neuronal cells, and participation in reactive/reparative processes. (medscape.com)
Both non-neoplastic meningothelial cells and meningiomas possess mixed features of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (medscape.com)
carcinoma contains abundant pools of mucin in which are seen a small number of tumor cells, sometimes having signet-ring appearance. (poznayka.org)
McGuckin and colleagues concluded that the sugar structures on gut mucins often resemble the sugar structures present on the surface of gut cells [5]. (milkgenomics.org)
Definition Dental Plaque "is a specific but highly variable structural entity, resulting from sequential colonization of microorganisms on tooth surfaces, restorations & other parts of oral cavity, composed of salivary components like mucin, desquamated epithelial cells, debris & microorganisms, all embedded in extracellular gelatinous matrix. (medicpresents.com)
Natural cleansing mechanism: Gingival crevicular fluid & salivary flow Cleansing effect of mastication and tongue movement Rapid turnover rate of intraoral epithelial cells Host defence mechanisms like langerhans cells. (medicpresents.com)

While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin. (cytojournal.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
Other rare non-epithelial malignancies that may be encountered in effusion cytology include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and metastatic brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
These tumors are subdivided into three main categories: epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and tumor morphology, primary ovarian tumors are subdivided into three categories: epithelial (60%), germ cell (30%), and sex-cord stromal tumors (8%)[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the vast majority of malignant ovarian tumors (80%-85%) are classified as epithelial tumors (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
Ovarian epithelial tumors are subclassified into several categories based on two criteria: 1) the degree of epithelial proliferation and invasion and 2) the histotype of the epithelium composing the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
Benign epithelial tumors (adenoma and cystadenoma) are characterized by the absence of cell proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
These tumors represent 60% of all epithelial tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
They represent 30% of all epithelial tumors and 80%-85% of all ovarian cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
The classification of epithelial tumors of the kidney has in particular undergone substantial progress in the last two decades with major contributions from genetic typing of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). (abdominalkey.com)

Within a case of Evista reversible enzyme inhibition our series, we reported epithelial atypia and suggested urgent mastectomy. (biopaqc.com)

Airway epithelial BC airCliquid user interface (ALI) lifestyle was performed UMB24 using principal purified BC. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
The epithelial compartment can also respond to environmental stimuli with a range of cytokines (including IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, and IL-1alpha) that may trigger and perpetuate airway inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)

By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)

This review will examine this interaction between commensal microbes and intestinal mucins and discuss how this interplay affects health and disease. (bvsalud.org)
And a major one is the intestinal epithelial barrier, also commonly known as the gut lining. (layerorigin.com)
What does the intestinal epithelial barrier look like? (layerorigin.com)
The intestinal epithelial barrier also has in important role in implementing an immune response with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), through the initiation of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals [vi] . (layerorigin.com)
Additionally, the intestinal epithelial monolayer TEER gradually increases over time and remains stable after 10 days of operation. (daxiangbio.com)

Lactobacilli and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products along with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier provide an effective first line defense against invading pathogens including bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. (frontiersin.org)
The dense "sugar coating" of mucins gives them considerable water-holding capacity and also makes them resistant to proteolysis, which may be important in maintaining mucosal barriers. (wikipedia.org)

Apart from being an acidic medium containing an assortment of antimicrobial molecules including antibodies (IgA and IgG), mucins, β-defensins, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), surfactant protein etc. (frontiersin.org)

Here, we focus on the salivary mucin-7 gene ( MUC7 ) to study the evolution and functional impact of subexonic repeats. (nature.com)
MUC7 provides an opportunity to assess the broader implications of subexonic repeat variation within the context of the functional evolution of the mucin functional group and primate salivary adaptation. (nature.com)

Mucin genes encode mucin monomers that are synthesized as rod-shaped apomucin cores that are post-translationally modified by exceptionally abundant glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
In five cases (19.2%), the presence of abundant relatively loose cell clusters suggests fibroadenoma with epithelial hyperplasia. (biopaqc.com)

Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)
Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary are thought to arise either directly or indirectly from the ovarian surface epithelium according to incessant ovulation theory[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This is followed by coverage of neoplasms in the more traditional categories of epithelial, mesenchymal, and other categories. (abdominalkey.com)

The most overexpressed genes included Fc Fragment of IgG Binding Protein ( FCGBP , logFC = 3.01, pFDR = 0.015), Mucin 2 ( MUC2 , logFC = 2.78, pFDR = 0.015), and Alpha 1B Defensin ( DEFA1B , logFC = 2.73, pFDR = 0.024). (biomedcentral.com)

Katharina Ribbeck, the Eugene Bell Career Development Professor of Tissue Engineering at MIT, diagrams the molecular structure of mucin, which has a protein backbone and a brushlike array of attached sugars, or glycans. (mit.edu)
Mucins are long polymers, or molecular chains, densely studded with sugars. (forteana.org)
We report herein the newly described molecular abnormalities in epithelial ovarian cancers (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
The molecular structure of mucin is like a bottle brush flower with its stem representing the mucin protein and the red flowers representing the dense array of sugars attached to the protein (see illustration). (milkgenomics.org)

We are asking how microbes change their behavior when they get exposed to the mucins," Ribbeck says. (mit.edu)
Bit by bit, with genetic perturbations of the microbes, and biochemical dissection of the mucins, we can begin to understand the mechanisms of interaction between the mucins and the microbes. (mit.edu)

Distinguished from dense regular connective tissue by the distinct lacunae (arrow). (freezingblue.com)

Artificial tear fluid is only one type of material that could take advantage of mucins, or mucin-like polymers. (mit.edu)

This dense inner layer, under normal circumstances is impenetrable to bacteria. (layerorigin.com)
Microvilli are covered with a dense layer of glycocalyx, which is produced to protect the small intestine against the bacteria that can be seen as round balls in the image. (akademiliv.se)

Direct immunofluorescence microscopy performed on epithelial biopsy specimen obtained from a patient with pemphigus vulgaris detects immunoglobulin G deposits at the epithelial cell surfaces. (medscape.com)

Artificial tear fluids contain the salt, but they lack the mucins, and that lubrication is not so easy to reconstitute with synthetic components," Ribbeck says. (mit.edu)

These repeats can be particularly well studied in this gene because the repeats are relatively short and few in number compared to other mucins. (nature.com)

A few radiologists hypothesize ITGA7 that tubular adenoma of breast can be diagnosed on mammography, based on dense punctuate or irregular micro-calcifications without cast-like or branching forms that are tightly grouped within a mass. (biopaqc.com)

Synovial sarcomas encompass both biphasic (epithelial and spindle cell components) and monophasic (purely spindle cell) variants. (medscape.com)

The cysteine residues participate in establishing disulfide linkages within and among mucin monomers. (wikipedia.org)

Human mucins include genes with the HUGO symbol MUC 1 through 22. (wikipedia.org)

Mucins have been found to have important functions in defense against bacterial and fungal infections. (wikipedia.org)

Mucins are characterized by a core protein heavily decorated by many sugar structures [5, 9, 10]. (milkgenomics.org)

They were able to see a dense meshwork of human bronchial epithelial cell cultures. (forteana.org)

N-linked oligosaccharides are also found on mucins, but in less abundance than O-linked sugars. (wikipedia.org)

Similar effects of MUC5B and other mucins have been demonstrated with other pathogens, such as Candida albicans, Helicobacter pylori, and even HIV. (wikipedia.org)

Of these mucins, the following classes have been defined by localization: Secreted mucins in humans, with their chromosomal location, repeat size in amino acids (aa), whether they are gel-forming (Y) or not (N), and their tissue expression. (wikipedia.org)

We're dissecting the mechanisms now by which the mucins do that, to then build synthetic molecules that can do the same job. (mit.edu)

Investigations led by Sando, Gaiani, and their colleagues demonstrate that milk also contains a mucin, MUC-1, that takes the fine art of deception and diversion to another level [1, 9, 10]. (milkgenomics.org)

Mature mammalian mucins are composed of two distinct regions: The amino- and carboxy-terminal regions are very lightly glycosylated, but rich in cysteines. (wikipedia.org)

The mucin layer is the innermost layer of the tear film and is made up of glycoproteins. (reviewofoptometry.com)
On the ocular surface, hydrophilic mucins are responsible for adherence of the tear film to the ocular surface, decreasing surface tension and ensuring the overlying aqueous can spread evenly across the front of the eye. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Thaher is one of the research leaders within the Mucin Biology Groups, which conducts internationally recognized research on the protective layer of mucins in the large intestine and the airways. (akademiliv.se)
Electron microscopic -reveals a thin, amorphous, electron-dense layer immediately adjacent to the hard surface- thickness from 1 to 2 nm. (medicpresents.com)

MUC5B, the predominant mucin in the mouth and female genital tract, has been shown to significantly reduce attachment and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium with the potential to form cavities. (wikipedia.org)

This disorder of the vulva is marked by epithelial thickening, expansion of the stratum granulosum, significant surface hyperkeratosis and pronounced leukocytic infiltrate. (brainscape.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes2

Information Science2

Binding epithelial cells1

Mucus15

Proteins11

Secretion3

Cells38

Tumors12

Atypia1

Airway2

Carcinoma1

Intestinal5

Mucosal2

Secretory1

Salivary2

Abundant2

Neoplasms4

MUC21

Molecular4

Microbes2

Connective tissue1

Polymers1

Bacteria2

Surfaces1

Ribbeck1

Repeats1

Adenoma1

Synovial1

Disulfide1

Genes1

Defense1

Protein1

Cell1

Sugars1

Pathogens1

Humans1

Molecules1

Colleagues1

Distinct1

Tear2

Layer2

Form1

Surface1