• Macrophage inflammatory protein-2: chromosomal regulation in rat intestinal epithelial cells. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
  • Transporting epithelial cells, like those that line the intestinal tract, are specialized for solute processing and uptake. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Intestinal wall is made up of tight-fitting single layer of epithelial cell where drug is transported by active transport or passive transport. (omicsonline.org)
  • In vitro permeation assay techniques such as Caco-2, MDCK cell lines, PAMPA, tissue based assays like the intestinal everted sac, intestinal single pass perfusion, Thiry-Vella loops are being used [ 6 - 17 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • AMT-101 is an oral, gut selective, fusion protein of IL-10 and a carrier protein that mediates transcytosis through intestinal enterocytes into the lamina propria (LP). Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that AMT-101 efficiently transits the epithelial cell barrier, targets mucosal immune cells in the LP, and results in improved colitis disease severity without systemic exposure. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • We treated non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells with LTD4 and found that this led to increased expression of COX-2. (lu.se)
  • 16-membered) on MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression and secretion from human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
  • The present study demonstrates that AZM and MDM suppress the synthesis of mucin and TNF-α from human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
  • Kim YD, Cho JS, Kim HS, Song SH: Effect of macrolide on the interleukin-1 β-mediated MUC2/5AC genes expression and mucin secretion in human airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
  • Shimizu T, Shimizu S: Azithromycin inhibits mucus hypersecretion from airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
  • Cigana C, Assael BM, Melotti P: Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (karger.com)
  • We previously reported that importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β family of nuclear import proteins, regulates nuclear import of the glucocorticoid receptor in airway epithelial cells, IPO13 serves as a potential marker for corneal epithelial progenitor cells, and IPO13 is associated with corneal cell proliferation. (molvis.org)
  • We hypothesized that ENG mediates TGF-β pathobiology in CF airway epithelia. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of the core is to provide primary cells and cultured airway epithelial cell preparations from human, mouse and other species for the study of epithelial cells, lung biology and lung diseases. (wustl.edu)
  • Core procedures and capabilities: The airway epithelial cell core provides investigators with primary culture preparations of mouse and human airway epithelial cells differentiated at air-liquid interface to provide a model of normal airways including ciliated and secretory cells. (wustl.edu)
  • The core can also culture airway cells obtained by lung biopsies, brushings, as well as nasal and sinus biopsy, brush, scrape or polyps. (wustl.edu)
  • Normal human airway epithelial cells can be obtained as de-identified tissues and exempted from specific human research. (wustl.edu)
  • The core also has experience with the culture of airway epithelial cells from rats and pigs. (wustl.edu)
  • Manipulation and genetic modification of primary cells: The core has extensive experience with the manipulation of airway cells using growth factors, cytokines and specific culture conditions, as well as genetic manipulation using recombinant viral vectors. (wustl.edu)
  • Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)
  • Rhamnaceae) on cisplatin-induced damage to kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and apoptosis pathways. (mdpi.com)
  • Despite the importance of the developmental pathways followed by these small groups of progenitor cells and their impact on the physiology of the organism, we still know little about the set of developmental strategies that progenitor cells deploy in vivo to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment as they travel to the site of terminal differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Alcohol-mediated activation of inflammation signaling pathways can increase tumorigenesis in mice[ 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.com)
  • My laboratory studies signal transduction pathways that regulate growth and programmed cell death in epithelial cancer cells, with a focus on breast and ovarian cancer. (cancer.gov)
  • Silencing Txnip prompted TLR2-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production whereas the blockage of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase with dorsomorphin effectively reduced such effects. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcriptional mechanisms and protein kinase signaling mediate organic dust induction of IL-8 expression in lung epithelial and THP-1 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor CI-1040 in nude mice bearing human heterotransplants. (rndsystems.com)
  • Central role for protein kinase C in oxyt. (rndsystems.com)
  • miR-155 induced transcriptome changes in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line leads to enhanced mitogen activated protein kinase signaling. (rndsystems.com)
  • Human epithelial malignancies frequently display deregulated tyrosine kinase activity. (cancer.gov)
  • We are investigating the function of Cbl proteins, a family of proteins that regulate tyrosine kinase activity. (cancer.gov)
  • Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
  • The hedgehog pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, differentiation, proliferation and survival during development. (rti.org)
  • Polarization of the macrophages regulates the production of proinflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators (LMs) to mediate acute inflammation and its resolution in a time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Other lung cell types: Assistance with the isolation of lung fibroblasts and other cell types may be obtained with special planning through the core. (wustl.edu)
  • Using real-time, quantitative PCR, laser capture microdissection, and immunohistochemistry, distinctive patterns of expression of the hedgehog pathway members patched 1 (PTCH1), smoothened, GLI1, GLI2 and the 3 hedgehog ligands were identified for epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts in benign breast and breast cancer. (rti.org)
  • However, cyclopamine reduced viability of cancer epithelial cell lines, including MDA-MB-435, but did not specifically affect fibroblasts or epithelial cells from benign breast, including MCF10AT. (rti.org)
  • The neutralizing antibody response to PC-positive DBs was superior to that of PC-negative DBs, as tested on fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells and for both animal species used. (asm.org)
  • Human CMV grows only in human cells and replicates best in human fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Koontongkaew S, Monthanapisut P, Saensuk T: Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism decreases tumor cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression. (karger.com)
  • The reduction of Txnip protein facilitates tumor progression, whereas the overexpression of Txnip results in the inhibition of metastasis or further triggers cells undergoing apoptosis ( 9 , 14 , 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Inhibition of autophagy via bafilomycin A1 aggravated H 2 O 2 -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In human bronchial epithelial cell lines (16HBE), we used CFTR siRNA knockdown and functional inhibition (CFTR INH -172) to connect loss of CFTR to ENG synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Pre-treatment of cells with the novel Gq/11 inhibitor YM-254890 and Gq/11 siRNA caused a similar pattern of inhibition and also reduced PAR-2-mediated NFκB transcriptional activity. (strath.ac.uk)
  • We could show that inhibition of COX-2 causes increased apoptosis, mediated through activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. (lu.se)
  • This pulmonary exposure to alcohol can damage the bronchial epithelial layer of the lung [ 6 , 7 ], while impairing the lung's ability to repair epithelial wounding via inhibition of the PKA pathway [ 8 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-human preparations: The core has special expertise in the culture and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTEC). (wustl.edu)
  • Protocols and training: Protocols for cell isolation, culture and differentiation are available. (wustl.edu)
  • The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to allow a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • These early progenitor cells often travel long distances from their induction site to the site of terminal differentiation, making them vulnerable to environmental cues and movement of neighbouring tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • During differentiation, upon exit from stem-cell-containing crypts, enterocytes build thousands of microvilli, each supported by a parallel bundle of actin filaments several microns in length. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.com)
  • So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • ONC201 kills breast cancer cells in vitro by targeting mitochondria. (cancer.gov)
  • To analyze alpha-integrin mediated adhesion of human corneal epithelial cells to placental and EHS laminin isoforms. (nih.gov)
  • Using the human corneal epithelial cell line HCE-T, adhesion to laminin isoforms and fibronectin was determined using a colorimetric adhesion assay. (nih.gov)
  • alpha-integrin sub-unit modulation of corneal epithelial cell interaction with laminin isoforms was analyzed using immunofluorescence microscopy and adhesion assays incorporating functional blocking antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • These studies demonstrate that human corneal epithelial cells are capable of rapid adhesion to, and enhanced spreading on, laminin isoforms not characteristically resident in the adult corneal basement membrane. (nih.gov)
  • Our results indicate that activation of TFEB mediated autophagy alleviates H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage by reducing ROS accumulation and inhibiting caspase-dependent apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because apoptosis of bovine mammary epithelial cells is modulated by cellular redox state [ 11 ], developing potential strategies for maintaining redox balance is particularly important in terms of preventing oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) We investigate induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TRAIL receptor agonists. (cancer.gov)
  • Cancer cells avoid apoptosis by a variety of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. (cancer.gov)
  • In a second project we are investigating the induction of apoptosis by activation of death receptors for the ligand TRAIL in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • Our goal is to selectively trigger apoptosis in the cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • We have shown that most breast and ovarian cancer cell lines are resistant to the induction of apoptosis by TRAIL, the ligand for the death receptors DR4 and DR5. (cancer.gov)
  • We have demonstrated that resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis can be overcome by co-incubation of the cells with chemotherapeutic agents, semi-synthetic retinoids (such as 4HPR), or molecularly targeted agents (such as anti-ErbB-2 antibodies). (cancer.gov)
  • Additionally, the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was elevated prompting us to study the effect of LTD4 on survival and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Several embryonic tissues and organs originate from small sets of progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Studies have shown that both primitive T lymphocytes and lymphoid progenitor cells can express CD21, and EBV can also infect primitive T cells and lymphoid progenitor cells by attaching to T lymphocytes through CD21. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The double infection of T lymphocytes and NK cells in patients with chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) has been reported in the literature, further supporting that EBV may infect the common progenitor cells of T cells and NK cells. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. (abcam.com)
  • Studies have shown that EBV-infected T/NK lymphocytes often express cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin, granzyme B, and T cell intracytoplasmic antigen (TIA-1). (selfgrowth.com)
  • The anti-EBV antigen polymer IgA can mediate the invasion of EBV into pharyngeal epithelial cells through endocytosis, and EBV bound to IgA can invade pharyngeal epithelial cells through endocytosis mediated by secretory corpuscle (SC). (selfgrowth.com)
  • Elevated levels of anti-EBV-specific antigen IgA were found in mucosal secretions of NPC patients, and this EBV-IgA-SC-mediated endocytosis may represent a physiological pathway for EBV to invade nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in vivo. (selfgrowth.com)
  • During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
  • The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. (cshlpress.com)
  • Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. (hindawi.com)
  • We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.com)
  • Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). (cshlpress.com)
  • This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • This timely and thoughtful compendium beautifully summarizes the mechanisms governing cell polarity in discrete and thorough reviews. (cshlpress.com)
  • It is clear that each chapter was carefully chosen and that this volume represents an essential read for any researcher working on cell polarity. (cshlpress.com)
  • Chapters concisely review the vast literature describing every aspect of cell polarity and present the information in a wonderfully digestible form for both experts in the field and novice researchers. (cshlpress.com)
  • Differential behavior of E-cadherin and occludin in their colocalization with ZO-1 during the institution of epithelial apartment polarity. (daubnet.com)
  • Bovine mammary epithelial cells after calving undergo serious metabolic challenges and oxidative stress both of which could compromise autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, effects of TFEB-mediated autophagy on the oxidative stress of bovine mammary epithelial cells remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate the role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells experiencing oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • H 2 O 2 challenge of the bovine mammary epithelial cell MAC-T increased protein abundance of LC3-II, increased number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes while decreased protein abundance of p62. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bovine mammary epithelial cell undergoes serious metabolic challenges and excessive ROS production during the transition period. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, TFEB-mediated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells might play a positive role in response to oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ectopic expression of AUF1 also promoted stemness in mammary epithelial cells, and thereby increased the proportion of cancer stem cells. (nature.com)
  • These data prompted us to ask whether AUF1 upregulation could promote EMT as well as stemness in mammary epithelial cells. (nature.com)
  • The adaptin family of proteins is composed of four classes of molecules named alpha, beta-, beta prime- and gamma- adaptins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleocytoplasmic transport is an essential phenomenon in eukaryotic cells controlled by the family of proteins called importins and exportins. (molvis.org)
  • The tea extracts and components displayed various degrees of antibacterial activity that may involve damage to the bacterial cell membrane and the chelation of iron. (nature.com)
  • Reductions of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were evaluated by SDS-PAGE. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • For example, shank proteins are located further away from the membrane in the cytosolic faces of the PSDs, facing the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • The rationale of this organization may be related to important roles of these proteins as "exchange hubs" for the signaling proteins for their migration from the subcortical cytosol to the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, the hypothesis is forwarded that nNOS delivered to subcortical cytoskeleton requires interactions with scaffolding proteins prior to docking at the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • A thesis is proposed here, based on rational argument that depletion of the cytoskeletal organizer protein shank3 may result in defective nNOS membrane localization, resulting in defective nitric oxide synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Central to the integrated function of multicellular organisms is cell contact mediated signaling and the spatial organizations of specialized membrane-surface domains. (yale.edu)
  • 3) After primary infection, EBV spreads directly across the lateral membrane to adjacent epithelial cells. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been recently reported that motor proteins like myosin Va play important role in transcytosis of nNOS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Processes such as transcytosis, exocyst-mediated vesicle trafficking, and endosomal sorting are covered in detail. (cshlpress.com)
  • Endothelial and epithelial barriers determine the different stages of leukocyte migration in its journey towards the inflammatory focus in complex tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Although all diabetic cells are exposed to elevated levels of plasma glucose, hyperglycemic damage is limited to those cell types that are unable to down regulate glucose transport into the cell (e.g., endothelial cells), leading to intra-cellular hyperglycemia ( Brownlee, 2001 ). (scialert.net)
  • Transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy is an important cytoprotective mechanism against oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is an adaptive catabolic process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are targeted to lysosomes for degradation [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon nutrient deprivation, autophagy is often up-regulated in response to metabolic stress and excessive organelle damage to facilitate aggregated protein removal and provide energy for cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the last two decades, as scientists have uncovered the array of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cascades and ion channels that underlie taste signaling, they have also discovered, to their surprise, that the expression of these receptors and channels is not limited to taste buds. (the-scientist.com)
  • Despite the difference in the qualities detected by the two families of taste receptors, both utilize similar, if not identical, downstream signaling effectors, including the taste receptor-associated G protein a-gustducin, one of the first identified proteins of a GPCR taste transduction cascade. (the-scientist.com)
  • Taste receptor-like cells in the rat gut identified by expression of alpha-gustducin," PNAS , 93:6631-34, 1996. (the-scientist.com)
  • TRPM5, a taste-signaling transient receptor potential ion-channel, is a ubiquitous signaling component in chemosensory cells," BMC Neurosci , 8:49, 2007. (the-scientist.com)
  • 1) We study Cbl proteins, a family of ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. (cancer.gov)
  • SARS-CoV-2 gains entry to the target host cell by binding its receptor binding domain (RBD) within the viral spike protein S1 subunit to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • Specifically, we have investigated the dynamics of normal cell:cell interactions in terms of intercellular adhesion and migration, and have used a simplified rule to represent the concepts of juxtacrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and subsequent effect on cell proliferation. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Viral glycoproteins including gp350, gHgL, gB and gp42 mediate the preferential binding of EBV to B cells by interacting with the complement receptor CR2 (CD21) on the surface of B cells, and then the envelope glycoprotein gp42 and gp85/gp25 form a fusion protein triple molecule Complex. (selfgrowth.com)
  • EBV-infected B cells can activate NK cells to acquire CD21 molecules through synaptic transfer, and the ectopic receptor leads to the binding of EBV to NK cells. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) promotes internalization of AT1R and selectively inhibits pathological AT1R signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cell-free media from MWCNT-polarized macrophages induced the migration of neutrophilic cells (differentiated from HL-60), which was blocked by Acebilustat, a specific leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, or LY239111, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, but not NS-398, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, revealing LTB4 as a major mediator of neutrophil chemotaxis from MWCNT-polarized macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • These effects of LTD4 were shown to be mediated through the G-protein coupled receptor, CysLT1 and this strongly indicates that inflammatory mediators such as LTD4 may have large impacts on the state of cell survival regulation. (lu.se)
  • Activation of protein synthesis in mouse uterine epithelial cells by OE-17β is mediated by a PKC-ERK1/2-mTOR signaling pathway. (rndsystems.com)
  • Hedgehog-mediated transcription, as indicated by a reporter of GLI-dependent promoter activity and by expression of GLI1 transcripts, was reduced by the hedgehog pathway inhibitor cyclopamine in both MDA-MB-435 cancer epithelial cells and MCF10AT epithelial cells, a cell line derived from benign breast. (rti.org)
  • Overall these novel data demonstrate an IKK2-dependent, predominantly G-protein-independent pathway involved in PAR-2 regulation of NFκB phosphorylation in keratinocytes. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Here we investigated the role of IPO13 in the pathogenesis of pterygium and the underlying mechanism including interaction with other cell proliferation-related factors: keratin 17 (K17), a lesional protein and a member of the type I keratins, and c-Jun, a protein of the activator protein-1 complex. (molvis.org)
  • Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) to modulate inflammatory responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our findings reveal that TLR2/NADPH oxidase-mediated Txnip proteasomal degradation facilitates pro-inflammatory cytokine production during GAS infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recognition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the most important pathogen recognition receptors expressed on innate immune cells, with pathogen-associated molecular patterns can rapidly initiate the coordinated activation of transcriptional factors and result in the effective expression of pro-inflammatory mediators ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a vitamin D 3 -upregulated protein in 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25[OH] 2 D 3 )-treated HL-60 cells ( 7 ), acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx), which is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including the response to oxidative stress, cancer development, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory processes ( 8 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to causing direct injury to the gut cells, SARS-CoV-2 likely produces gut injury through this inflammatory environment. (news-medical.net)
  • In addition, this may allow gut bacteria to cross over into the systemic circulation, thereby contributing to systemic immune-mediated inflammatory damage. (news-medical.net)
  • Following injury and in areas adjacent to inflammatory cell infiltrates, SOX9-positive cells were increased in number. (lu.se)
  • A few of these inflammatory responses, such as inflammatory cell recruitment, can be modulated by alcohol exposure [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • In third mechanism of drug transport where drug is permeated transcellularly due to its lipophilicity straightaway crosswise at epithelial cell's apical and basolateral membranes. (omicsonline.org)
  • Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. (elifesciences.org)
  • In passive mechanism, diffusion of drug through close junctions of epithelial cells occurs depending on its size and charge while in active transport, uptake of drug is mediated by carrier i.e. active proteins [ 3 - 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Epithelial cells do not express CR2, and the mechanism of how EBV invades and releases from epithelial cells is not yet clear. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, its mechanism of action, and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin's recognition by the immune system and cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Confluent NCI-H292 human mucoepidermoid airways epithelial cells were pretreated with AZM or MDM for 2 h and then stimulated with 200 nmol/l phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 8 h. (karger.com)
  • We found ENG protein to be increased more than fivefold both in human CF bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and human CF lung homogenates. (nih.gov)
  • and epidermal growth factor stimulated cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human myometrial cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Our studies on the erythrocyte focus on a molecular understanding of how specific proteins that cause human disease. (yale.edu)
  • Subcutaneous use of recombinant human IL-10 treatment in patients with Crohn's Disease led to symptomatic and endoscopic improvement, but dose limiting systemic toxicity including anemia and thrombocytopenia was observed and appeared to be mediated by induction of gamma-interferon. (ecco-ibd.eu)
  • We have shown that all mammalian Cbl proteins mediate ubiquitination and degradation of the activated EGFR as well as other components of the signaling complex. (cancer.gov)
  • The AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which can both stabilize and destabilize the transcripts of several cancer-related genes. (nature.com)
  • however, PTCH1, also a transcriptional target of hedgehog signaling in many cell types, was not increased. (rti.org)
  • The resulting disruption of the gut epithelial barrier perturbs intracellular ion balance, thus causing colitis and inflamed gut walls. (news-medical.net)
  • For example, the pancreatic release of insulin in response to glucose is partially mediated by the binding of glucose to sweet-taste receptors on cells of the intestine and subsequent activation of the signaling cascade. (the-scientist.com)
  • Parallel experiments showed that in both cell types, p65 NFκB phosphorylation is mediated through the selective activation of IKK2. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, stimulation of cells through a novel PAR-2 mutant PAR-234-43, delayed p65 phosphorylation but was without effect on the kinetics of ERK activation. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in its recognition by the immune system and in cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Importin 13 (IPO13), a member of the importin-β superfamily, was originally identified in the fetal rat lung and differentially expressed in cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin. (molvis.org)
  • AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1G1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-adaptin protein and it belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunits family. (wikipedia.org)
  • AZM and MDM attenuated PMA-induced MUC5AC and MUC2 gene and protein expression in NCI-H292 cells. (karger.com)
  • Assistance with lentivirus- and adenovirus-mediated gene expression or RNAi is available. (wustl.edu)
  • Cell function and gene expression analysis: Protocols and assistance with routine collection for protein and RNA are available. (wustl.edu)
  • Core users can be instructed on all methods for culture, manipulation and evaluation of protein and gene expression. (wustl.edu)
  • The plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance has a strong ability to spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and sensitive recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) method for plasmid-mediated polymyxin-resistant gene mcr-1 detection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cbl proteins belong to the RING finger class of ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) and function as E3s for activated tyrosine kinases. (cancer.gov)
  • However, in short-term assays alpha3 integrin plays a major role, and alpha2 integrin a minor role, in mediating HCE-T adhesion to laminin. (nih.gov)
  • alpha6 integrin does not appear to mediate adhesion to either substrate. (nih.gov)
  • E-cadherin is a protein expressed on the surface of normal epithelial cells that plays a key role in mediating intercellular adhesion via calcium-dependent homotypic interactions. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Particular attention has been paid to elucidating how leukocytes can migrate through the stroma, the way these cells remodel their morphology and sense cues that guide them towards dysfunctional tissue areas. (hindawi.com)
  • Compared to the endothelium, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of infiltrated or tissue-resident immune cells with parenchymal barriers have not been so extensively studied. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, chronic diagnostic test for follow-up of patients cy and for biochemical determination inflammation associated with the infec- with H. pylori gastritis and were able of tissue COX-2 activity using COX tion leads to damage in proteins, the to predict the risk of development of Activity Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical production of reactive oxygen species stomach cancer. (who.int)
  • A serious concern for IBD patients is the increased risk of developing colorectal cancer and since there seems to be a general connection between inflammation and cancer we hypothesised that LTD4 induced signalling events could be involved in increasing the tumourgenic potential of cells. (lu.se)
  • Knockdown of TFEB by siRNA reversed the effect of H 2 O 2 on protein abundance of LC3-II and p62 as well as the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CFTR knockdown in 16HBE cells tripled ENG transcription and doubled protein levels with corresponding increases in TGF-β signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, AUF1 knockdown sensitized breast cancer cells to the killing effect of cisplatin. (nature.com)
  • Effects on brush border growth were rescued by treatment with the G-actin sequestering drug, latrunculin A. G-actin binding protein, profilin-1, colocalized in the terminal web with G-actin, and knockdown of this factor compromised brush border growth in a concentration-dependent manner. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The well-known function of AUF1 is the destabilization of mRNAs by forming complexes with other proteins. (nature.com)
  • Plasmid overexpression of ENG alone nearly doubled TGF-β1 mRNA and increased TGF-β signaling in 16HBE cells. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment of murine macrophages (J774A.1) with Mitsui-7 MWCNTsincreased the expression of Alox5 mRNA and protein in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • In the current study we found that trypsin and the selective PAR-2 activating peptide, 2f-LIGKV-OH, stimulated large and sustained increases in the serine 536 phosphorylation of p65/RelA in a transfected skin epithelial cell line and primary keratinocytes. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Suppresses FGF-mediated angiogenesis in vivo and decreases VEGF expression. (rndsystems.com)
  • At present, tumors related to EBV infections include epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngealcarcinoma(NPC), gastric carcinoma (GC), lymphatic hematopoietic malignant tumors such as Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), BL, pyropogy-related lymphoma (PAL) and NK/T cell lymphoma and other rare tumors (such as EBV-related smooth fibroids, neuromuscular endocrine cancer). (selfgrowth.com)
  • These were examined the genome of dividing gastric epithelial 20% [12]. (who.int)
  • Ongoing work is focused on understanding the biochemical and physiologic functions of the three mammalian Cbl proteins in epithelial cells and elucidating the differences in their specificity and/or function. (cancer.gov)
  • Lead-time of one month should be provided to allow for scheduling and the necessary period for cell growth. (wustl.edu)
  • Understanding the mechanisms that regulate signaling by these kinases should uncover new ways to inhibit cancer cell growth. (cancer.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to apply an agent-based simulation paradigm in order to examine the emergent growth properties of mixed populations consisting of normal and E-cadherin defective cells in monolayer cell culture. (hud.ac.uk)
  • 1 Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology USA Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells," PNAS , 99:2392-97, 2002. (the-scientist.com)
  • Pterygium epithelial cells (PECs) were cultured in keratinocyte serum-free defined medium to examine the expression of IPO13 and K17. (molvis.org)
  • The expression of microtubule-associated protein LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 in the colon tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. (hindawi.com)
  • SOX9 expression was found to colocalize with a proportion of so-called scattered tubular cells in the uninjured kidney, a cell population previously shown to be involved in kidney injury and regeneration. (lu.se)
  • Our current work utilizes biochemical and genetic approaches to identify mechanisms that regulate the induction of death by TRAIL ligand in breast and ovarian cancer cells. (cancer.gov)
  • This arises following the detection of infected cells by innate immune cells, which subsequently triggers a hyperinflammatory immune response. (news-medical.net)
  • Polarized epithelial barriers establish two types of interactions. (hindawi.com)
  • The characteristics of biological tissues are determined by the interactions of large numbers of autonomous cells. (hud.ac.uk)
  • These interactions can be mediated remotely by diffusive biochemical factors, or by direct cell-cell contact. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy reveals that alpha-integrin protein localization patterns are not significantly different in HCE-T interacting with EHS or placental laminin. (nih.gov)
  • Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. (asm.org)
  • Infection of naive B cells present in Waldeyer's ring of tonsils. (selfgrowth.com)
  • EBV can also be transmitted from EBV-infected B cells or epithelial cells to T/NK lymphocytes by cell-to-cell infection. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Induction of SRY box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) has been shown to occur in response to kidney injury in rodents, where SOX9-positive cells proliferate and regenerate the proximal tubules of injured kidneys. (lu.se)
  • These results demonstrate modulation of GLI-mediated transcription in both cancer and benign-derived epithelial cells by cyclopamine and sonic hedgehog, and further suggest that hedgehog signaling contributes to the survival of only the cancer epithelial cells. (rti.org)