Epithelial cells ligands receptor epidermal growth factor. Medical search. Frequent questions

This protein interacts with the Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to promote the growth of normal epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
This is similar to the phenotypes of EGFR and ERα knockout mice, which also show absence of ductal growth. (wikipedia.org)
Ligands that activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are synthesized as membrane-anchored precursors that appear to be proteolytically released by members of the ADAM family of metalloproteases. (nih.gov)
Because membrane-anchored EGFR ligands are thought to be biologically active, the role of ligand release in the regulation of EGFR signaling is unclear. (nih.gov)
To investigate this question, we used metalloprotease inhibitors to block EGFR ligand release from human mammary epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
These cells express both transforming growth factor alpha and amphiregulin and require autocrine signaling through the EGFR for proliferation and migration. (nih.gov)
Metalloprotease inhibitors also reduced growth of EGF-responsive tumorigenic cell lines and were synergistic with the inhibitory effects of antagonistic EGFR antibodies. (nih.gov)
Blocking release of EGFR ligands also strongly inhibited autocrine activation of the EGFR and reduced both the rate and persistence of cell migration. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that soluble rather than membrane-anchored forms of the ligands mediate most of the biological effects of EGFR ligands. (nih.gov)
This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and amphiregulin (AREG) are high- and low-affinity ligands for EGF receptor (EGFR), respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
EGFR signaling is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the activation of ERK and the induction of an EMT transcription factor, ZEB1. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we demonstrate that ligand-switching between EGF and AREG at equivalent molarity reversibly interconverts epithelial and mesenchymal-like states of EGFR signal-dependent mammary epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
The ligand-switching between EGF and AREG temporally alters strength of the shared EGFR-ERK signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
The EGFR dynamics enables AREG to support proliferation as efficiently as EGF at equivalent molarity and to maintain epithelial characteristics. (elsevierpure.com)
Our findings reveal a role of EGFR ligands-generated signal strength in the regulation of mammary epithelial cell plasticity. (elsevierpure.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein and member of the protein kinase superfamily that regulates cell growth and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Ligand binding induces EGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation, initiating the MAPK, Akt, and JNK signaling pathways. (biolegend.com)
EGFR is expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells and is frequently expressed by epithelial carcinomas. (biolegend.com)
Injurious dust exposures in the agricultur al workplace involve the release of inflammatory mediators and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the respiratory epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Amphiregulin (AREG), an EGFR ligand, mediates tissue repair and wound healing in the lung epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Primary human bronchial epithelial (BEC) and BEAS-2B cells were treated with an aqueous extract of swine confinement facility dust (DE) in the presence of DHA and AREG or EGFR inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
We show that the application of compressive stress to cultured murine tracheal epithelial cells elicits the increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt through an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent process, consistent with previous observations of the bronchoconstrictioninduced activation of EGFR in both human and murine airways. (elsevierpure.com)
However, cells derived from mice with targeted deletions of the EGFR ligands Tgfα and Hb-egf showed only modest decreases in responses, even when combined with neutralizing antibodies to the EGFR ligands epiregulin and amphiregulin, suggesting redundant or compensatory roles for individual EGF family members in mechanotransduction. (elsevierpure.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) continues to be implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carcinogenesis. (ecolowood.com)
The HER Alosetron family is comprised of four unique receptors: EGFR (also known as HER1 or ErbB-1) HER2 (ErbB-2 Neu) HER3 (ErbB-3) and HER4 (ErbB-4). (ecolowood.com)
They may be created as transmembrane precursors and could become subdivided into three organizations according with their affinity for just one or even more HER receptors: the 1st group includes ligands that bind specifically to EGFR (e.g. (ecolowood.com)
Once activated these pathways contribute to the development of a malignant cellular phenotype including resistance to apoptosis increased proliferation invasion metastasis and stimulation of angiogenesis (Figure 1).1 Figure 1 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation during HNSCC carcinogenic process. (ecolowood.com)
Loss of heterozigosity (LOH) EGFR overexpression/amplification and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) dysregulation in pre-malignant lesions have been associated with … The EGFR has been implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carcinogenesis. (ecolowood.com)
Interestingly reduces tumourigenesis in vivo4 5 These findings have spurred interest in supplementing clinical TH287 Erb1 (also known as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)) inhibition with synergistic targeting of ADAM171. (bioskinrevive.com)
We demonstrate that TH287 PACS-2 controls ADAM17 cell-surface availability shedding of ErbB ligands and EGFR activity in vivo. (bioskinrevive.com)
Numerous small molecule EGFR inhibitors are approved for treatment of several epithelial cancers with EGFR overexpression, including colorectal and non small cell lung carcinoma. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
Up to now, modulation of EGFR activity in human being pores and skin cells is bound to two\dimensional monolayer cell ethnicities. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) belongs to a family of tyrosine kinase receptors including Human EGF Receptors (HER) 2, 3, and 4 which all play important roles in cell growth and differentiation. (bioworlde.com)
In particular, EGFR is overexpressed in many epithelial solid tumors. (bioworlde.com)
Evidence suggests EGFR is an excellent target for pharmacologic intervention in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) due to its high level of expression and prominent role in tumor growth and metastasis. (bioworlde.com)
However, alterations in key molecular pathways such as for example WNT/-catenin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are normal to HCC development [4-6]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The EGFR system plays an important role in cell proliferation, survival and migration and its own altered activity continues to be implicated in the development and growth of several tumors including HCC [7]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Accordingly, the overexpression of EGFR plus some of its ligands have already been correlated with an increase of aggressive liver tumors and poor survival [8,9]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Accumulating evidences claim that the EGFR system acts as a signaling hub where different Adipoq extracellular growth and survival signals converge [10,11]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The activation of EGFR by heterologous ligands because of the principal activation of another receptor is known as transactivation. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The ligand-dependent transactivation of EGFR implicates the experience from the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) category of transmembrane metalloproteases as well as the shedding of EGFR ligands [12]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The ligand-independent transactivation of EGFR in addition has been described, and involves the physical interaction of EGFR with other receptors such as for example platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) [16] or IGF1R [17]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Furthermore, GPCR-ligands [15,18] and cytokines such as for example growth hormones (GH) and prolactin (PRL) [19] have the ability to phosphorylate the EGFR in the lack of EGFR-ligand shedding upon the activation of Src and Janus tyrosine kinase 1 (Jak1), respectively. (exposed-skin-care.net)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is among the most well-studied signaling pathways in cancer progression. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Introduction Epidermal development element receptor (EGFR) was the 1st discovered from the ErbB category of receptor tyrosine kinases with a total of four users: Erbb1/EGFR, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3 and ErbB4. (bio-biz-navi.com)
2 Since its finding, EGFR continues to be characterized like a mediator of a multitude of signal transduction occasions that control cell proliferation, migration and success. (bio-biz-navi.com)
3 Aberrant EGFR activation in tumor cells can derive from improved transcriptional manifestation 202825-46-5 manufacture and/or gene amplification. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Improved EGFR proteins and transcript amounts correlate with poor prognosis in a variety of epithelial cancers, such as for example colorectal malignancy (CRC), 4 non-small cell lung malignancy (NSCLC), 5 endometrial malignancy, 6 and squamous-cell carcinoma of the top and throat (SCCHN). (bio-biz-navi.com)
27,28 These results have been verified in newer tests examining the effectiveness of panitumumab, another ligand-blocking anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, in the treating TNBC. (bio-biz-navi.com)
To understand the functional interactions between the TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors, we stably transfected LAN5 neuroblastoma cells with an expression vector for ET-R, a chimeric receptor with the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the TrkA transmembrane and intracellular domains. (umassmed.edu)
Furthermore, SALPs markedly promoted cell migration via EGFR transactivation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and accelerated artificial wound closure in keratinocytes. (nature.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are part of an emerging class of anticancer medicines known as "targeted therapy," which target pathways more specific to neoplastic proliferation than traditional chemotherapeutic agents. (medscape.com)
Because EGFR is preferentially expressed in epithelial tissues, including the skin and hair follicle, cutaneous side effects of these agents are quite common. (medscape.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in epithelial tissues as well as hair follicles. (medscape.com)
in contrast, EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIs) target pathways more specific to survival of neoplastic cells, thus belonging to a new class of chemotherapeutic agents - so-called "targeted therapy. (medscape.com)
Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, selectively bind the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding site of the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor, inhibiting the receptor's intracellular domain via preventing phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
In contrast, monoclonal antibodies that target EGFR, such as cetuximab and panitumumab, bind to its extracellular domain and competitively inhibit endogenous ligand binding to the receptor. (medscape.com)
[ 3 , 4 ] These antibodies are approved for the treatment of advanced EGFR-expressing colorectal cancer, and cetuximab is also approved for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (medscape.com)
There are also combination therapies that affect multiple receptors such as lapatinib (approved for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive [HER2+] breast cancer) and afatinib (approved for non-small cell lung cancer), which inhibit both the EGFR and HER2 receptors, and vandetanib (approved for advanced medullary thyroid cancer), which inhibits EGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), and rearranged during transfection (RET) activities. (medscape.com)
Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib nearly all develop resistance and relapse. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Also adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1 VIM ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Thus induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Results Establishment and characterization of gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines modeling Clozapine of Clozapine acquired resistance to EGFR-specific TKIs has identified resistance mechanisms also observed in patients upon tumor progression on erlotinib and gefitinib. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
In addition H1975 cells which express EGFR bearing the activating L858R mutation and the T790M gate-keeper mutation were selected for resistance to the irreversible EGFR inhibitor BIBW2992.28 All TKI-resistant and passage control cell lines were submitted to DNA fingerprint analysis to verify authenticity both before and after adaptation. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
As shown in Supplementary Figure S1 and Supplementary Table S2 the gefitinib-adapted cell lines exhibited IC50s to EGFR TKIs that were several orders of magnitude larger than that exhibited by the DMSO-cultured control cell lines. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
EGFR downstream signaling promotes constitutive activation of TKIs domain due to the mutation in exon 19 and exon 21 (L858R point mutation), which leads to cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, causing lung adenocarcinoma. (lidsen.com)

It seems that expression of AREG is connected with proliferation of fibroblasts and production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (wikipedia.org)
Measured by its ability to block anti-ErbB2 mediated inhibition of SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cell proliferation. (novusbio.com)
We found that metalloprotease inhibitors reduced cell proliferation in direct proportion to their effect on transforming growth factor alpha release. (nih.gov)
There is distention of the renal collecting tubules caused by localized proliferation and aberrant secretion of epithelial cells. (mhmedical.com)
ASPH appears to be involved in the regulation of proliferation, invasion and metastasis of PC cells through multiple signaling pathways, suggesting its role as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. (bjbms.org)
The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
The members of the EGF family are best known for their ability to stimulate cell growth and proliferation and are important for many developmental processes including promoting mitogenesis and differentiation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells. (rndsystems.com)
A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
Growth factors initiate numerous different signaling cascades in order to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. (tocris.com)
Our findings reveal ErbB activation as a strong inductive signal for stem-cell proliferation. (nature.com)
Following early observations that MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation, 9 MSCs were found to interact with the majority of innate and adaptive immune cells. (bmj.com)
Moreover, the VEGFRs induce cellular processes that are common to many growth-factor receptors, including cell migration, survival and proliferation. (molecular-view.com)
VEGFR2 (vascular epithelial growth factor receptor 2, or KDR) is the receptor of VEGF (and its isoforms) which mediates normal endothelial cell survival, migration, and proliferation of blood vessels. (molecular-view.com)
It contributes to epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and hair growth. (medscape.com)
CMMs usually progress from an in situ proliferation to a radial growth pattern, and then to a vertical growth phase. (hindawi.com)
11. Das AB, Loying P, Bose B. " Human recombinant Cripto-1 increases doubling time and reduces proliferation of HeLa cells independent of pro-proliferation pathways. (iitg.ac.in)
Integrin-based effects on growth factor re-ceptors include enhancement of cell migration (11, 12), survival (13), and proliferation (14 -17). (123dok.org)

AREG is a critical factor in estrogen action and ductal development of the mammary glands. (wikipedia.org)
Amphiregulin has been found to be essential for mammary ductal development, as evidenced by absence of ductal growth in amphiregulin knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
We hypothesized that cysteine cathepsins affect transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1)-induced EMT of normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of lysosomal proteolysis in TGFβ-1-induced EMT and invasion was investigated in a normal and a novel malignant murine mammary epithelial cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
We found increased lysosome activity during EMT of malignant mammary epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Protease inhibition did not affect invasion of TGFβ-1 treated normal mammary epithelial cells, but reduced the invasion of murine breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1) is a strong inducer of type-3 EMT in mammary cancers [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We determined unknown model parameters by analyzing HER activation data collected in a panel of human mammary epithelial cells that express different levels of the HER molecules. (researchhunt.com)

With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
0.1) included the T cell receptor signalling pathway, graft-versus-host disease and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
In this work, pathways governing mucus cell differentiation were investigated in lung tissues from patients with IPF and other chronic pulmonary disorders. (bmj.com)
Appears to act as a link between growth factor receptor signaling and the apoptotic pathways. (drugbank.com)
Growth factors (also known as trophic factors) bind to cell-surface receptors to initiate signaling pathways that result in the growth and differentiation of numerous different cell types. (tocris.com)
Although growth factors act on different cell types, the signal pathways they initiate often overlap: for example, both EGF and FGF ensure cell survival by activating PI 3-K and MAPK cascades. (tocris.com)
Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. (tocris.com)
Integrin engagement by ECM can modulate growth factor signaling pathways, increasing the activity of growth factor RTKs (7, 8) and their downstream intracellular mediators (9, 10). (123dok.org)
cells either divide asymmetrically to preserve stem cell progenitors, partition into sister cells, differentiate along fate pathways, or undergo oncogenesis following the formation of normal tissues. (bioseek.eu)

Its involvement in tissue repair can be explained by its dual role, as amphiregulin can induce mitogenic signals, but it can also lead to cell differentiation of epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
While epithelial-derived amphiregulin can promote tissue repair, several immune cells are found to express it in cases of tissue damage, so amphiregulin is part of the crosstalk between immune and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
A population of immune cells that is found to increase its amphiregulin expression after tissue damage, is the innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2) population. (wikipedia.org)
Also, in skin derived ILC2s, amphiregulin expression was regulated by the interaction of killer-cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) with E-cadherin. (wikipedia.org)
After intestinal damage, activated intestinal ILC2s produce amphiregulin which enhances the production of mucin by epithelial cells, increases the expression of Claudin-1 and promotes the activity of goblet cells. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue resident regulatory T cells (Tregs) can also express amphiregulin to promote tissue repair. (wikipedia.org)
These cells have a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and TCR signals don't seem to be required for amphiregulin production, but this process can be dependent on the IL-33/ST2 (or IL-33 receptor) pathway and the expression of interleukin 18 receptor (IL-18R) on tissue resident Tregs. (wikipedia.org)
Amphiregulin-expressing tissue resident Tregs have been observed in the lung, where most of them are CD44hiCD62Llo and they express higher levels of CD103, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and KLRG1. (wikipedia.org)
They have been found in injured muscles, where this population has been associated with eosinophil influx, and the production of amphiregulin could enhance the colony-forming efficiency and myogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro, increasing muscle healing. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, Tregs that express amphiregulin, along with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), CD39 and CD73, act on parenchymal cells to promote tissue repair and regeneration. (wikipedia.org)
Some unconventional T cells have been associated with the promotion of tissue repair by amphiregulin in a direct or in an indirect manner. (wikipedia.org)
After intestinal damage, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells produce amphiregulin that leads to epithelial cell turnover and enhances the activity of goblet cells. (wikipedia.org)
Also, a pro-repair response by amphiregulin produced by ILC2s and Tregs, that is dependent on IL-33 signaling, is induced by gamma delta (γδ) T cells that produce interleukin 17A (IL-17A). (wikipedia.org)
This correlation between IL-17A-producing γδ T cells and amphiregulin has been observed in the lungs and in the oral mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
Docosahexaenoic acid enhances amphiregulin-mediated bronchial epithelial cell repair processes following organic dust exposure. (cdc.gov)

Following dimerization there is increased intracellular kinase activity of the receptor through a proximity effect resulting in phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic domain which then triggers the signal transduction cascade. (ecolowood.com)
The complex canonical and non-canonical intracellular TGFβ-1 signal transduction is modified by ligand-induced endocytosis of monoubiquitinylated TGFβ-receptor/ligand complexes [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These receptors convert signals received from the extracellular environment into cell decisions such as growth and survival C a process termed signal transduction. (researchhunt.com)

The ligands to HER receptors (also known as epidermal growth factor [EGF] family of growth factors) are characterized by the presence of an EGF-like website (composed of three disulfide-bonded intramolecular organizations which confer binding specificity) and extra structural motifs (such as for example immunoglobulin-like domains heparin-binding sites and glycosilation sites). (ecolowood.com)

In contrast, cells harvested from mice with a conditional deletion of the gene encoding the TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17), a sheddase for multiple EGF-family proligands, displayed a near-complete attenuation of ERK and Akt phosphorylation responses and compressive stress-induced gene regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
Downstream signaling from these receptors proceeds TSPAN10 via tyrosine phosphorylation. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Integrin-mediated RON growth factor receptor phosphorylation requires tyrosine kinase activity of both the receptor and c-Src. (123dok.org)
Integrin-in-duced epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) RTK phosphorylation depends on the kinase activity of the receptor (7, 13). (123dok.org)

Once the ligand binds to the extracellular domain the receptor undergoes a conformational change of this region which allows homodimerization or heterodimerization with another activated receptor of the HER family. (ecolowood.com)
CAR T-cells consist of an antigen-binding extracellular domain derived from a single chain variable segment (ScFv) of an immunoglobulin, a spacer domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain (8, 9). (cambridgemedicine.org)

Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
These results demonstrate that TrkA kinase initiates differentiation, and p75 enhances differentiation by rescuing differentiating cells from apoptosis via the PI3K pathway. (umassmed.edu)
As ErbB-family ligands and receptors are highly expressed within the stem-cell niche 7 , we hypothesize that strong endogenous regulators must control the pathway in the stem-cell compartment. (nature.com)

5. Devaraj V, Bose B " Morphological State Transition Dynamics in EGF-induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition" , Journal of clinical medicine , DOI. (iitg.ac.in)
Several other studies have shown that human monocyte cells infected by MTB enhance the invasion and cause induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics in lung cancer cell co-culture. (lidsen.com)
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its implications for fibrosis. (bioseek.eu)
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a central mechanism for diversifying the cells found in complex tissues. (bioseek.eu)
Normal epithelial cells and carcinoma cells can acquire invasiveness by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process of considerable cellular remodeling. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer cells can acquire this de-differentiated state through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)

Bronchoconstriction applies compressive stress to airway epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusion Expression of SOX2 and MUC5B and lack of SPDEF in atypically differentiated cells of bronchiolised distal airspaces are consistent with abnormal programming of airway epithelial cells in IPF. (bmj.com)

3. Agarwal M, Mondal T, Bose B " Peptides derived from a short stretch of diphtheria toxin bind to heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor" , Toxicon, DOI. (iitg.ac.in)

HER2 does not have any identified ligand an undeniable fact explained from the structure from the extracellular area from the receptor which is already in an activated conformation and does not allow ligand docking. (ecolowood.com)
Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
in particular, HER3 signalling buffered against incomplete inhibition of HER2 kinase activity has been suggested to be the mechanism that allows HER2 over-expressing breast cancer cells to escape HER TKIs. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure to reverse breast cancer progression despite apparent inhibition of HER1 and HER2 kinase functions in cell-based assays as well as in patient tissues and tumours is an enigma that is not yet resolved [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, HER2 and HER3 are over-expressed in 23277-43-2 IC50 a number of tumors, and their expression levels are associated with abnormal growth and poor clinical prognosis. (researchhunt.com)
While this has led to the development of a range of therapeutics targeting the HER2 receptor [15], the use of these drugs can often lead to resistance through a diverse set of mechanisms [16]. (researchhunt.com)

In certain respects, VEGFs share regulatory mechanisms with other well-characterized RTKs, such as the platelet-derived growth-factor receptors (PDGFRs) and the epidermal growth-factor receptors (EGFRs).These mechanisms include receptor dimerization and activation of the tyrosine kinase, as well as creation of docking sites for signal transducers. (molecular-view.com)

R&D Systems offers a wide selection of tools to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Family members and their EGF R/ErbB receptors. (rndsystems.com)

35 Another well-established change in function in BC is usually that of changing development factor-beta (TGF-) where it features as a robust tumor suppressor in main tumors but drives disease development within the metastatic establishing. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Deregulation of growth factor receptor activity is found in nearly all epithelial tumors, and the expression of mutant forms of growth factor proteins may also lead to cancer . (tocris.com)

Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? (bmj.com)
In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. (bmj.com)
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are cells of non-haematopoietic origin, with the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme, that is, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and adipocytes. (bmj.com)

Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are multipotent stem cells derived from the pulp tissues of extracted deciduous teeth 1 . (bvsalud.org)
In healthy cells and tissues, both intracellular and extracellular protease activity is well managed by regulation at the transcriptional and translational levels, as well as by inhibitory pro-domains, modulatory factors (such as pH), and antiproteases at the protein level. (encyclopedia.pub)
Twenty-five of these cell cultures stemmed from normal and 21 from tumor tissues. (shengsci.com)
genic models are inadequate for number of activated CD8-positive T LMP1 was strongly expressed in the understanding the cancer etiology in cells increased considerably in the lymphoma tissues but was hardly the context of natural viral infection. (who.int)

The model enables us to quantitatively link HER expression levels to receptor dimerization and activation. (researchhunt.com)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis helps terminate the growth factor signal by internalizing the ligand-receptor complex. (tocris.com)
The most rapid means to alter the cell surface proteome in response to stress is by alterations in endocytosis. (cell-stress.com)

MSP was discov-ered as a serum factor that regulates the motility of macro-phages (22). (123dok.org)

The growth/survival signal is initially carried by these receptor ligands - proteins such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - which bind cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (tocris.com)
However, mutant RTKs may continue to send proliferative signals even in the absence of growth factor stimulation. (tocris.com)
These ligands bind in an overlapping pattern to three receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), known as VEGF receptor-1, -2 and -3 (VEGFR1-3). (molecular-view.com)
In that case, adhesion-induced aggregation of integrins might trigger co-aggregation (5) and autophosphorylation of growth factor RTKs (13). (123dok.org)
Recent data suggest that integrin association with RTKs might also protect the latter against the activity of phosphatases (17, 19) and/or ensure the correct subcellular juxtaposition of cytoplasmic tails of dimer-ized growth factor receptors (17). (123dok.org)
The notion that breast cancer disease can be viewed as a biological process that is driven by overactive human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)1/2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) has led to development of various anti-HER tyrosine kinase agents. (biomedcentral.com)

After the binding of the MHC/peptide complex to the TCR, the TCR heterodimer interacts with the antigen and facilitates clustering of the CD3 complex, which mediates further signalling that initiates T-cell activation (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)

Activation of abnormal respiratory epithelial differentiation programs may contribute to the expression of MUC5B and bronchiolisation of the distal lung, a salient feature of IPF. (bmj.com)
Gnesutta N, Qu J, Minden A: The serine/threonine kinase PAK4 prevents caspase activation and protects cells from apoptosis. (drugbank.com)
Despite the cited progress in this area of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying growth factor receptor activation by integrins remain to be defined. (123dok.org)
First-generation CAR T-cells consist only of the TCR-derived CD3ζ intracellular signalling domain, which induces T-cell activation as illustrated in Figure 1 (6, 8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
While the importance 23277-43-2 IC50 of HER expression levels has been established for clinical prognosis and drug resistance, the mechanistic link between receptor expression, HER activation and downstream consequences is not as clear yet. (researchhunt.com)
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)

The effective inhibition of epidermal growth by erlotinib in our HSEs confirms the therapeutic potential of this tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cutaneous SCC patients. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
The effective inhibition of epidermal development by erlotinib inside our HSEs confirms the restorative potential of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cutaneous SCC individuals. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
Table 1 A listing of medical studies looking into EGFRi therapies for the treating breast malignancy metastasis, cells produced from pulmonary metastases are inherently resistant to EGFRi and go through robust development inhibition in response to EGF. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Koh H, Lee KH, Kim D, Kim S, Kim JW, Chung J: Inhibition of Akt and its anti-apoptotic activities by tumor necrosis factor-induced protein kinase C-related kinase 2 (PRK2) cleavage. (drugbank.com)
A new peptide (Ruviprase) purified from the venom of Daboia russelii russelii shows potent anticoagulant activity via non-enzymatic inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa" , Biochimie, DOI. (iitg.ac.in)

Epithelial cell plasticity is controlled by extracellular cues, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. (elsevierpure.com)
The authors sought to identify mechanisms driving the differentiation of mucus cells during the bronchiolisation process. (bmj.com)
For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
The inciting causes of these original changes in the airways, mucus composition and MCC, vary between the different muco-obstructive lung diseases (environmental factors, recurrent infection, genetic mutations to ion channels etc.), but they share pathological mechanisms, many of which are mediated or modulated by proteases. (encyclopedia.pub)
Morrison, S. J. & Spradling, A. C. Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. (nature.com)
The immune system interacts closely with tumour cells via complex mechanisms and can result in either eradication of the tumour or immune evasion by the tumour (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Generally, CD8 + cytotoxic T-cells and CD4 + helper T-cells, which belong to the adaptive immune system, control the development of cancer via mechanisms like the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg. (cambridgemedicine.org)

We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are crucial regulators of vascular development during embryogenesis as well as blood-vessel formation (angiogenesis) in the adult. (molecular-view.com)
Breast cancers can express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or VEGFR2 and increased VEGF expression in breast cancers is associated with tumor progression and increased risk of recurrence. (molecular-view.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. (wikipedia.org)
Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)
TotalSeq™-D reagents are designed to profile protein expression at single cell level. (biolegend.com)
ADAM17 is regulated by trafficking steps including control of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit by iRhom1/212-14 proteolytic maturation by removal of the ADAM17 prodomain in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by furin10 and stimulation of ADAM17 surface translocation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)15 16 Once at the cell surface ADAM17 can be activated rapidly through conformational alterations17-19. (bioskinrevive.com)
In this system PMA-induced shedding is protein kinase C-α (PKCα)-dependent mediated exclusively by ADAM17 and can be measured by loss of AP cell-surface staining26 (Fig. 1a). (bioskinrevive.com)
solid course="kwd-title" Keywords: G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), a desintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM), transactivation, growth factor receptor 1. (exposed-skin-care.net)
This transactivation could be triggered by multiple G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), cytokine receptors, integrins and other tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) [13-15]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Although placental protein 14, leukemia inhibitory factor and 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase displayed highly upregulated levels in PcDNA (P-activated genes), there was little or no up-regulation in IcDNA. (umassmed.edu)
The leucine-rich repeat protein LRIG1 is a negative regulator of ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases. (nature.com)
TGFβ-1 induced morphological and functional changes of cells are the result of substantial gene regulation and protein alterations leading to: loss of epithelial cell-cell adhesion and apical-basolateral polarity, change of differentiation markers, acquisition of fibroblastoid shape, reversion of intermediate filaments, gain of cell motility and increased extracellular proteolysis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
No tumor-specific expression levels of protein kinase C isoenzymes and of c-fos in human breast cancer cell cultures. (shengsci.com)
Studies characterising the immune response in patients with COVID-19 show that the correlates of protection in infected individuals are T-cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralising titres of immunoglobin G and immunoglobin A antibodies. (cdc.gov)

1 ErbB users type homo- and heterodimeric cell-surface receptors with original extracellular domains yielding ligand-binding specificity. (bio-biz-navi.com)
4. Batra S, Bose B. " Effect Of Ligand Mediated Cross-Linking On Lateral Diffusion Of Cell Surface Receptors. (iitg.ac.in)

The EGF- and AREG-cultured cells also differ in their epithelial characteristics, including the expression of cell surface markers, the mode of migration and the ability for acinus-formation. (elsevierpure.com)

Single drugs may cure selected cancers (eg, choriocarcinoma, hairy cell leukemia). (msdmanuals.com)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)

In cellular experiments and mouse models, uterine ANP has been shown to stimulate endometrial decidualization, increase TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand expression and secretion, and enhance apoptosis in arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

In mammals, five VEGF ligands, which occur in several different splice variants and processed forms, have been identified so far. (molecular-view.com)

33,34 Furthermore, the acknowledged growth-promoting functions of estrogen in BC are in conjunction with accounts of estrogen-induced apoptosis, termed the estrogen paradox perfectly examined in Jordan and Ford. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Li YY, Popivanova BK, Nagai Y, Ishikura H, Fujii C, Mukaida N: Pim-3, a proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human pancreatic cancer and phosphorylates bad to block bad-mediated apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (drugbank.com)
Popivanova BK, Li YY, Zheng H, Omura K, Fujii C, Tsuneyama K, Mukaida N: Proto-oncogene, Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad-mediated apoptosis. (drugbank.com)
EGF may induce a limited number of neuronal cells because it also enhanced apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor also enhanced cell survival, indicating that in differentiated cells, NGF acts through the p75 receptor to prevent apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)

Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. (biomedcentral.com)

While ADAM17 may act in intracellular compartments its major shedding activity appears to require localization to the cell surface6-9. (bioskinrevive.com)
Transmembrane cell-surface proteins can be regulated by intracellular trafficking including internalization from the cell surface and subsequent degradation or recycling back to the cell surface11. (bioskinrevive.com)
The intracellular domain of the receptor distinguishes the different CAR T-cell generations as shown in Figure 1. (cambridgemedicine.org)
The second-generation CAR T-cells consist of one additional co-stimulatory component (mainly CD28, CD137 or CD134) in the intracellular domain, which amplifies anti-tumour responses in vivo (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
The third-generation CAR T-cells consist of two co-stimulatory components in the intracellular domain (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)

This alteration inverts relative expression levels of ZEB1 and its antagonizing microRNAs, miR-205 and miR-200c, those are critical determinants of the epithelial phenotype. (elsevierpure.com)
The HER/ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases drives critical responses in normal physiology and cancer, and the expression levels of the various HER receptors are critical determinants of clinical outcomes. (researchhunt.com)

They exert several beneficial effects, mostly mediated through guanylate cyclase-A coupled receptors, including natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, blood volume and blood pressure reduction, and regulation of electrolyte homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

Its structure consists of an extracellular ligand-binding website a Alosetron single transmembrane hydrophobic helix and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal website to which tyrosine kinase activity is definitely limited.1 HER receptors are usually located in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells where they can interact with their ligands present in the stroma thus mediating signaling between the epithelium and the extra-cellular matrix. (ecolowood.com)
Results In IPF, the bronchiolised and enlarged distal airspaces stained for SOX2 are consistent with epithelial differentiation characteristic of conducting airway epithelium. (bmj.com)

Recognition of antigens by T-cells is mediated by T-cell receptor (TCR), which binds to peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)

In lots of tumor cells these inter-receptor communications have already been from the resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors [18]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
25 Furthermore to kinase inhibitors, medical tests have also examined the addition of the ligand obstructing monoclonal antibody cetuximab towards the DNA-alkylating agent carboplatin. (bio-biz-navi.com)
Cellular Basis for the Enhanced Efficacy of the Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand (FL) Adjuvanted VCG-Based Chlamydia abortus Vaccine. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of the hematopoietic progenitor activator cytokine, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-ligand (FL) when co-administered with the rVCG-Pmp18.1 vaccine as a strategy to enhance the protective efficacy and the potential mechanism of immunomodulation. (cdc.gov)

In LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans-like cells, the peptides blocked IL-6 secretion, downregulated expression of maturation markers and inhibited dendritic cell migration. (nature.com)

Additionally, transforming growth factor β signals through receptor serine/threonine kinases (RSTKs) and activates downstream SMAD proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes. (tocris.com)

Mechanotransduction requires metalloprotease activity, indicating a pivotal role for proteolytic EGF-family ligand shedding. (elsevierpure.com)

[ 1 ] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)

Apart from the introduction of the class of angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors to the current management of heart failure, novel promising molecules including M-atrial natriuretic peptide (a novel atrial NP-based compound) have been tested for the treatment of human hypertension with promising results. (bvsalud.org)
Aspartyl beta-hydroxylase: In vitro hydroxylation of a synthetic peptide based on the structure of the first growth factor-like domain of human factor IX. (bjbms.org)
Lyophilized recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (rhEGFR) remains stable up to 6 months at -80°C from date of receipt. (bioworlde.com)
Recombinant human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (rhEGFR) with C-terminal 6xHis-tag produced in Sf9 insect cells is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 627 amino acids. (bioworlde.com)
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) (ALLCells, Alameda, CA, USA) were employed in the current study. (bvsalud.org)
The miR-217 inhibitor and mimics were transfected into human podocyte cells to investigate the pathological mechanism of miR-217 in this disease. (hindawi.com)
Jensen, K. B. & Watt, F. M. Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence. (nature.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Epigen (EPG) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Epigen from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
In 1959, Lewis Thomas suggested that the human immune system can recognise tumour-specific antigens on the surface of newly developing tumour cells as 'foreign' and eliminate them (3). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Mouse monoclonal to CD20.COC20 reacts with human CD20 (B1), 37/35 kDa protien, which is expressed on pre-B cells and mature B cells but not on plasma cells. (researchhunt.com)
Alkenyl group is responsible for the disruption of microtubule network formation in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 cells. (shengsci.com)
Epithelial cells derived from 46 human breast tissue samples of patients suffering from breast cancer have been cultivated. (shengsci.com)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)

ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)

It is a critical autocrine growth factor as well as a mitogen for astrocytes, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)

We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)
The metalloproteinase ADAM17 activates ErbB signalling by releasing ligands from the cell surface a key step underlying epithelial development growth and tumour progression. (bioskinrevive.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a novel therapeutic T-cell engineering option, where T-cells obtained from a patient's blood are engineered ex vivo to express specific tumour antigen receptors. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Following this, in 1971, Sir Frank Mac Farlane Burnet hypothesised that tumour cell antigens induced immunological reaction against cancer and postulated the "immune surveillance theory" (4). (cambridgemedicine.org)
However, the tumour may evade immune responses through regulatory T-cell-mediated immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment, defective antigen presentation, and production of immunosuppressive cytokines (5). (cambridgemedicine.org)
Consequently, immune cells fail to recognise and kill tumour cells. (cambridgemedicine.org)
CAR T-cells are T-cells that have been engineered to express receptors that specifically target tumour-associated antigens (8). (cambridgemedicine.org)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)

NGF, which can bind to endogenous p75, did not induce differentiation but enhanced the EGF-induced response, leading to differentiation of almost all cells. (umassmed.edu)

Importance of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in establishment of adenomas and maintenance of carcinomas during intestinal tumorigenesis. (nature.com)

This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
a combination of phospholipase A2 receptor antibody and corresponding antigen on the podocytes forms in the immune complex and then activates the C5b-9 complex through the relative channels, damages the podocytes, destroys the glomerular filtration barrier, and generates proteinuria [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
This disease has been reported to contribute to an immune response to the self-antigens expressed on the podocyte cell and is similar to many immune diseases [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lung health is a product of many environmental and host factors, including exposure to toxins, particulates or pathogens, the mounting of appropriate immune responses to such stimuli, efficient ventilation mechanics and effective gas exchange. (encyclopedia.pub)
The mucosal surface of the airway is composed of epithelial cells, many of which are ciliated, and is coated with a thin apical layer of mucus, resident and recruited immune cells, and the inhaled contents of the airway lumen. (encyclopedia.pub)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

HT1080 cells express low levels of endogenous HB-EGF and exhibit high knockdown efficiency making them a suitable model system. (bioskinrevive.com)

We speculate that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to affect T-lymphocyte and myeloid cell physiology coupled with age-related maladaptive biological phenomena explain the strong association between advanced age and increased risk of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality. (ersjournals.com)
Author Summary A family of cell surface molecules called the HER receptor family plays important roles in normal physiology and cancer. (researchhunt.com)

In parental HCC4006 cells cell growth was strongly inhibited by gefitinib although drug-resistant clones progress within 10 days. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

This review highlights recent advances in the process of EMT signaling in health and disease and how it may be attenuated or reversed by selective cytokines and growth factors. (bioseek.eu)

Bacteria can release endotoxins like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or other pathogenicity factors such as lipopoteins/peptides (LP) from their cell envelope, even due to treatment with conventional antibiotics, being able to activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and induce a strong inflammatory response. (nature.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms10

Diseases14

Chemicals and Drugs127

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes47

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

EGFR69

Proliferation17

Mammary8

Pathways11

Amphiregulin15

Signal Transduction3

Known as epidermal1

Phosphorylation4

Extracellular domain2

Pathway7

Transition6

Airway epithelial cells2

Heparin-binding e1

HER28

Platelet-derive1

ErbB Receptors1

Tumors2

Mesenchymal3

Tissues5

Dimerization and activation1

Transmembrane receptor tyrosin1

Endocytosis2

Regulates1

RTKs6

Mediates1

Activation6

Inhibition5

Mechanisms7

Vascular4

Protein13

Surface Receptors2

AREG1

Cancers2

Antibodies2

Endothelial cells1

VEGF1

Apoptosis5

HER11

Intracellular5

Critical determinants2

Regulation1

Epithelium2

Binds1

Kinase4

Secretion1

Downstream1

Metalloprotease1

Squamous Cell Carc2

Human14

Monoclonal Antibody1

Fibroblasts1

Tumour8

Bind1

Carcinomas1

Immune6

Endogenous1

Physiology2

Strongly inhibited1

Cytokines and Growth Factors1

Induce1