Epithelial cells in proximal tubule kidney tubules proximal. Medical search. Frequent questions

This thesis describes a model of the kidney proximal tubule in which a sheet of proximal tubular epithelial cells can be fixed as a membrane separating two fluid chambers without the presence of a supporting structure. (manchester.ac.uk)
Tubular reabsorption - The tubules in the nephrons reabsorb the filtered blood in nearby blood vessels. (healthpages.org)
Tubular secretion - The remaining filtrate which contains waste product passes through the tubules to the collecting ducts and is then taken to the bladder via the ureters. (healthpages.org)
When excreted into the urine, myoglobin, a monomer containing a heme molecule similar to hemoglobin, can precipitate, causing tubular obstruction and acute kidney injury. (medscape.com)
Thus, the precipitation of myoglobin in the renal tubules with secondary obstruction, tubular toxicity, or both constitutes the primary causes for acute kidney injury during myoglobinuria. (medscape.com)

ZIP8 is highly expressed in the S3 segment of the proximal tubules of the mouse kidney and may play a significant role in reabsorption of both toxic Cd and essential Mn from the lumen to the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule. (nih.gov)
Based on their different membrane localization, MCTs and SMCTs co-operate in the active reabsorption of GHB in the kidney. (biomedcentral.com)
Variations in MCT/SMCT expression in the kidney lead to changes in transport capacity, which have the potential to impact GHB renal clearance through alterations in active renal reabsorption [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the proximal tubule, claudin-2 plays important roles in paracellular salt reabsorption. (wustl.edu)
In the distal tubules, claudin-4 and -8 form paracellular chloride pathway to facilitate electrogenic sodium reabsorption. (wustl.edu)

The proximal tubule absorbs water and small molecules back into the body after they have been filtered by the glomerulus. (manchester.ac.uk)

They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)

Tubule obstruction principally occurs at the level of the distal tubule. (medscape.com)

Nephrotoxicity can occur in any part of the kidney but most drug induced injury impacts the proximal tubules in some way and this can generate systemic effects. (manchester.ac.uk)
A key cause of drug failure is kidney dysfunction or nephrotoxicity, which accounts for 19 % of all drug failures during testing in phase III clinical trials. (manchester.ac.uk)
Although biomarkers for nephrotoxicity are available, they often lack sensitivity and are not specific as indicators of epithelial cell injury. (scienceopen.com)

Chronic Kidney Disease is an abnormal kidney function and/ or structure, present for a minimum period of 3 months. (randox.com)
Utilising patented Biochip Technology, the Randox Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arrays could improve patient risk stratification whilst monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. (randox.com)
Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is long-standing, progressive deterioration of renal function. (msdmanuals.com)

Copper is essential for maintaining the life processes in all living cells, because several copper-dependent enzymes play an important role in key physiological processes like c. (researchgate.net)
An ideal assay would model the transport properties of the proximal tubule and reproduce physiological responses to known nephrotoxic agents. (manchester.ac.uk)

When the blood becomes too acidic, the kidneys remove more acid from the blood and excrete in as urine. (healthpages.org)

Replacing dying or diseased kidney cells with new nephrons is an attractive strategy. (emjreviews.com)

Findings can be local (eg, reflecting kidney inflammation or mass), result from the systemic effects of kidney dysfunction, or affect urination (eg, changes in urine itself or in urine production). (msdmanuals.com)

These cells are equipped on their apical and basal membrane with copper transporters CTR1 and ATP7A. (researchgate.net)
MCTs are expressed on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells in the proximal tubules of kidney while the SMCTs are expressed at the apical membrane [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SMCTs are localized to the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules [ 13 ], with SMCT1 expressed in the S3 segment of proximal tubule, while SMCT2 is expressed on the entire length of the proximal tubule in kidney [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cystatin C is well recognised marker of kidney filtration dysfunction and injury. (randox.com)
Diseases can interrupt this process and lead to kidney dysfunction. (manchester.ac.uk)

Even when released, they remain largely membrane associated due to their hydrophobic nature and can be taken up by cells via a high-affinity uptake mechanism [ 23 ], which is followed by their enzymatic degradation. (degruyter.com)
Myoglobin is released from muscle tissue by cell destruction and alterations in the permeability of the skeletal muscle cell membrane. (medscape.com)
The high intracellular calcium activates numerous calcium-dependent enzymes that further break down the cell membrane, leading to the release of intracellular contents such as myoglobin and creatine kinase into the circulation. (medscape.com)

The right kidney often sits slightly lower than the left one because of the position of the liver. (healthpages.org)
Previously, it has been shown that MCT expression is regulated by sex hormones in the liver, skeletal muscle and Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Serious health effects (such as irreparable damage to the liver or kidneys, or birth defects) are not used as a basis for establishing MRLs. (cdc.gov)

The kidneys also produce the hormone erythropoietin that stimulates the production of red blood cells and enzymes. (healthpages.org)
The release of myoglobin from muscle cells is often associated with an increase in levels of creatine kinase (CK), aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and other enzymes. (medscape.com)

Claudins are discovered to be key players in renal epithelial physiology. (wustl.edu)
Gong, Y & Hou, J 2017, ' Claudins in barrier and transport function-the kidney ', Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology , vol. 469, no. 1, pp. 105-113. (wustl.edu)

During the neonatal period, kidneys play a key role in detoxification and recirculation of iron species released from red blood cells (RBC) and filtered out by glomeruli to the primary urine. (researchgate.net)

It is generally perceived that modern toxicity tests are inadequate for determining cell responses during early drug development and this can lead to costly failures later in the testing process. (manchester.ac.uk)
Therefore, a more accurate toxicity assay that utilises organ-on-a-chip technology and can mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the kidney is needed. (manchester.ac.uk)
Cells are sensitive to their surroundings so most current assays fail to appropriately model native extracellular matrix as synthetic scaffolding can be considerably different and could directly impact any toxicity model prediction. (manchester.ac.uk)
It was concluded that the bioreactor was a viable model for suspending cells sheets and as a toxicity assay, suspension of the cell sheets was possible, and that further optimisation of the suspension techniques could yield a completed assay for disease modelling and drug development. (manchester.ac.uk)
Both the heme moieties and the free iron-driven hydroxyl radicals may be critical mediators of the direct tubule toxicity, which mainly occurs in the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

Diagnosis of CKD at early stages will allow earlier intervention for the treatment of kidney disease, and the prevention of further kidney damage. (randox.com)

The epithelial cells of proximal tubules perform the functions of both copper uptake from the primary urine and release to the blood. (researchgate.net)
The kidneys are highly vascular (contain a lot of blood vessels) and are divided into three main regions: the renal cortex (outer region which contains about 1.25 million renal tubules), renal medulla (middle region which acts as a collecting chamber), and renal pelvis (inner region which receives urine through the major calyces). (healthpages.org)
Ureters - Muscular tubes that transport urine from each kidney to the bladder. (healthpages.org)
Every minute, approximately 1300 mL of blood enter the kidneys, 1299 mL leave the kidney, and approximately 1 mL leaves the body as urine. (healthpages.org)
If the body is dehydrated, the kidneys put less water is in the urine. (healthpages.org)
they noted the hypovolemic shock, dark urine, and kidney failure that developed in survivors from the rubbles of the London bombings. (medscape.com)

Several reports suggested that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common occurrence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but its prevalence is inconsistently reported across different populations. (frontiersin.org)
A clinician caring for a patient with crush injuries or other causes of muscle destruction must recognize the presence and severity of myoglobinuria and initiate aggressive hydration to prevent acute kidney injury. (medscape.com)

Creatinine clearance is a good measure of filtration rate because creatinine (a waste product of the body) is filtered from the blood but is not reabsorbed by the tubules. (healthpages.org)
DN is clinically characterised by progressive albuminuria, decreased glomerular filtration rates (GFR), and a constant decreased kidney function. (emjreviews.com)

In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
EGF regulates renal cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation and is produced in response to renal injury. (randox.com)

Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike classical neurotransmitters, eCBs are not stored in vesicles, and the mechanism of their release from cells is not yet clear. (degruyter.com)

Hypertrophy of the solitary kidney occurred in 71,7% of cases. (medscape.com)

Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming. (wikipedia.org)
This review considers the genetic and epigenetic control of nephrogenesis, together with the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany kidney development and recent advances in induced reprogramming and kidney cell regeneration in the context of DN. (emjreviews.com)

Medulla - the inner region of the kidney contains that contains 8-12 renal pyramids. (healthpages.org)

One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)

The variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of the MUC20 gene was detected in several cell lines. (scienceopen.com)

In a study of ultrasound and laboratory findings in Wilms tumor survivors with a solitary kidney, signs of kidney damage were seen in 22 of 53 patients (41.5%) on ultrasonography. (medscape.com)

1 More than 50% of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 30% of those with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) develop kidney disease, and a considerable number of cases can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (emjreviews.com)
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder of renal cyst formation causing gradual enlargement of both kidneys, sometimes with progression to renal failure. (msdmanuals.com)

The current review focuses on the role of the eCB system in normal kidney function and various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that directly contributes to the development of renal pathologies. (degruyter.com)
facilitating the increased accuracy of in vitro cell responses to stimuli, improving our understanding of how cells function, and aiding in the development of personalised medicine. (manchester.ac.uk)
KIM-1 may play an important role in the restoration of the morphological integrity and function to postischemic kidney. (scienceopen.com)

While they normally produce digestive fluids for the stomach, they can revert into stem cells to make temporary repairs to stomach injuries, such as a cut or damage from infection. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, it is unknown whether AKI results from a direct infection of the kidney by SARS-CoV-2 or it is a consequence of the physiologic disturbances and therapies used to treat COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)

Human KIM-1 exhibits homology to a monkey gene, hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1 (HAVcr-1), which was identified recently as a receptor for the hepatitis A virus. (scienceopen.com)

After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
it is named kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). (scienceopen.com)
Kidney injury molecule-1: a tissue and urinary biomarker for nephrotoxicant-induced renal injury. (scienceopen.com)

FABP1 binds long-chain fatty acids, contributing to reducing oxidative stress in the kidneys. (randox.com)

Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the authors also review future strategies in DN treatment such as transcriptional reprogramming of mature adult kidney cells into uncommitted induced pluripotent stem cells for renal repair and therapeutics. (emjreviews.com)

As mentioned just prior, the kidneys remove waste products from the body (creatinine, urea, ammonia, etc.) while ensuring that essential substances are retained. (healthpages.org)

They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)

This meant that the cells can change their differentiation pathway. (wikipedia.org)

ACE-2 and TMPRSS-2, surface cell proteins expressed by various tissues, are targeted by SARS-CoV-2. (frontiersin.org)

For example, "chief" cells express the stem cell marker Troy. (wikipedia.org)

however, because the intracellular concentration of phosphate is greater than the extracellular concentration, phosphate entry into cells requires a facilitated transport process. (medscape.com)

They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)

In the glomerular podocytes, claudin-1 is an important determinant of cell junction fate. (wustl.edu)

Damage to muscle cells interferes with both mechanisms, leading to an increase in free ionized calcium in the cytoplasm. (medscape.com)

A protocol involving insert coating with fibronectin and direct cell seeding was developed to functionalise the insert surface for cell sheet bonding. (manchester.ac.uk)
Mucins in cancer: protection and control of the cell surface. (scienceopen.com)

The adrenal glands (part of the endocrine system ) sit on top of the kidneys and release a hormone called renin which helps to regulate blood pressure, and sodium (or salt) and water retention. (healthpages.org)
A separate sodium-calcium channel then serves to pump additional sodium into the cell in exchange for calcium extrusion from the cell. (medscape.com)

In newts, muscle tissue is regenerated from specialized muscle cells that dedifferentiate and forget the type of cell they had been. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, ACE-2 is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, where SARS-CoV-2 particles were detected postmortem in podocytes of COVID-19 patients, suggesting that the kidneys could also be one of the targets of SARS-CoV-2 ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the process of forming and suspending cell sheets 3T3 cells, human kidney 2 (HK-2) proximal tubule cells, and RPTECs were used. (manchester.ac.uk)

This process allows the body to replace cells not suitable to new conditions with more suitable new cells. (wikipedia.org)
The process involves sucking out the nucleus of a somatic (body) cell and injecting it into an oocyte that has had its nucleus removed Using an approach based on the protocol outlined by Tachibana et al. (wikipedia.org)
Any process that interferes with the storage or use of energy by muscle cells can lead to myoglobinuria. (medscape.com)

Structure and expression data suggest that KIM-1 is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule up-regulated in the cells, which are dedifferentiated and undergoing replication. (scienceopen.com)

The kidneys serve many functions. (healthpages.org)

A variety of nontumorigenic stem cells display the ability to generate multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
indicating the bioreactor could generate a cell response. (manchester.ac.uk)

When the kidneys aren't working as they should, as you might expect, this can lead to serious consequences. (healthpages.org)
If the kidneys completely fail and this is not properly addressed, this can even lead to death. (healthpages.org)

In 1924 Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold demonstrated the key importance of cell-cell inductions during animal development. (wikipedia.org)

The lessons learned on claudins from the kidney will have a broader impact on tight junction biology in other epithelia and endothelia. (wustl.edu)

Kidneys play an especial role in copper redistribution in the organism. (researchgate.net)

KIM-1 mRNA and protein are expressed at a low level in normal kidney but are increased dramatically in postischemic kidney. (scienceopen.com)

It is present in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs including the kidney. (degruyter.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms11

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs63

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Tubular5

Reabsorption5

Glomerulus1

Opposing gradien1

Distal1

Nephrotoxicity3

Chronic Kidney3

Physiological2

Acidic1

Nephrons1

Systemic effects1

Apical3

Dysfunction2

Membrane3

Liver3

Enzymes2

Physiology2

Glomeruli1

Toxicity5

Treatment of kidney1

Urine6

Acute2

Filtration2

Fibrosis2

Called induced1

Occurs1

Mechanism1

Hypertrophy1

Epigenetic2

Renal pyramids1

Regeneration1

Polymorphism1

Survivors1

Disease2

Function3

Infection2

Receptor1

Injury3

Fatty1

Adult3

Substances1

Vitro1

Pathway1

Tissues1

Marker1

Transport1

Developmental1

Glomerular1

Damage1

Surface2

Sodium2

Muscle tissue1

Highly1

Human2

Process3

Structure1

Functions1

Generate2

Lead2

Development1

Biology1

Play1

Normal1

System1