Epithelial cells differentiate into different cell types. Medical search. Frequent questions

As a member of the bHLH family, it is a transcriptional repressor that influences cell proliferation and differentiation in embryogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, HES1 influences the timing of differentiation by repressing bHLH activators, and determines binary cell fate. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, HES1 can guide neural stem cells down one of two paths of differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
HES1 can maintain neural stem cells expressing Pax6, but leads cells that are Pax6-negative to an astrocyte differentiation fate. (wikipedia.org)
HES1-high embryonic stem cells that received a differentiation signal often adopted a mesodermal fate, while HES1-low cells that received a differentiation signal differentiated into neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
By contrast, HES1-low cells showed high levels of expression of genes involved in neural induction and low levels of expression of genes involved in mesodermal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Immunohistochemically, the tumor demonstrated epithelial-myoepithelial dual lineage differentiation, which confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic ACC. (hindawi.com)
Optimal differentiation was verified by qPCR and immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cell-type specific markers. (cdc.gov)
Results: qPCR analysis of the differentiation time-course shows a steady increase in markers of terminally differentiated cells, such as club (SCGB1A1), goblet (MUC5AC) and ciliated cells (FoxJ1). (cdc.gov)
The basal cell (stem/progenitor cell) marker (KRT5) shows an initial increase in expression, but did not vary much during differentiation. (cdc.gov)
Manipulation of the composition of the culture medium has been used to promote cellular differentiation in gastric organoids to allow more accurate modelling of the mature epithelial cells present in the stomach. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
However, methods to promote the differentiation of neuroendocrine cells and specifically enterochromaffin-like (ECL)-cells within a gastric organoid system have not yet been established. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
We investigated whether altering the composition of the culture medium and the addition of a small molecule that is known to induce neural differentiation in other culture systems promoted neuroendocrine cell differentiation in mouse and human gastric organoids. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Reduction of the amount of Wnt in the culture medium directed organoid differentiation towards the pit cell lineage, with a reduced abundance of Lgr5 and increased expression of the mucus neck cell marker MUC5AC. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Incubation of mouse and human gastric organoids with a small molecule that is known to induce neural differentiation resulted in increased abundance of Chromogranin A as well as other markers associated with ECL-cell differentiation such as histidine decarboxylase and the gastrin/CCK-2 receptor. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Cellular differentiation could however be promoted by manipulating the media composition and we additionally established a novel method for promoting neuroendocrine cell differentiation in gastric organoid cultures. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Its effect and effectiveness appear to be highly connected with the differentiation status of the cancerous cells, as Ang II appears to play a crucial role in the early and late stages of malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)
While it is possible that SCCs initially develop in basal cells, it is unclear why such basal cells in SCCs begin to express differentiation markers. (ukri.org)
Our preliminary results show that the tumour suppressor ASPP2 is able to repress p63 expression, is highly expressed in keratin 1-positive and keratin 14-negative stratified epithelial cells, and that differentiation induces ASPP2's expression in vitro. (ukri.org)
In addition to its role in the formation of epithelium and vasculature, type IV collagen appears to be key for alveolar myofibroblast development by inducing their proliferation, differentiation and migration throughout the developing septum. (biomedcentral.com)
The formation of the mammalian respiratory unit is initiated during the transition between the pseudoglandular and canalicular/saccular stages and is characterized by coordinated proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression is particularly high in the pancreas where it is thought to play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic beta cells. (embl.de)
Epithelial differentiation was confirmed by positive staining for E-cadherin and pan-cytokeratin. (biomedcentral.com)
Experiments were performed with non-proliferating, differentiated podocytes expressing synaptopodin as podocyte-specific marker of differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the retina provides a good model for studying cell differentiation and neural circuit formation in the developing brain. (oist.jp)
2012 Nevertheless the in vivo systems that restrict epithelial lineage plasticity to guard differentiation and exactly how such systems control stem cell function during MG morphogenesis and regeneration stay poorly understood. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Lonza's BulletKit TM Media for growth and air-liquid interface studies is optimized to support consistent growth or differentiation of primary airway cells while maintaining the tissue-specific characteristics. (lonza.com)
Our BulletKit TM Media is formulated with growth factors and hormones necessary to optimally support consistent growth or differentiation of primary cells while maintaining the tissue-specific characteristics. (lonza.com)
Stem cells are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, making them uniquely situated to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases. (articlecity.com)
The anagen phase is the growth phase where hair follicles actively grow and is fueled by the division and differentiation of HFSCs into various cell types, including epithelial cells and dermal papilla cells. (stemaidinstitute.com)

This constant replacement of the epithelium is driven by cells located in the base of colonic crypts, which constantly divide and give rise to the various differentiated cell types. (nature.com)
In contrast to the M cells, the sites where lymphocytes invaded the dome epithelium were not arranged in radial strips, but randomly distributed over the domes. (nih.gov)
In previous work, human fetal intestinal cells developed epithelium without mesenchyme following implantation in mice. (ca.gov)
Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated human origin and the three differentiated cell types of mature colon epithelium. (ca.gov)
In early experiments, physical separation of mesenchymal and epithelial stroma from embryonic murine thymus resulted in defective thymus development when epithelium was cultured in vitro in the absence of mesenchyme ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Aerosolized nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) exposure alters the cellular composition of the fully differentiated human airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
The adult human airway epithelium is comprised of four major cell types, basal, club, goblet, and ciliated cells. (cdc.gov)
Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if aerosolized nZnO exposure leads to changes in the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, using air-liquid interface (ALI)-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
The presence of all four major cell types at protein level was confirmed by IF staining of the fully differentiated airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Since these cells reside at the bottom of the pseudostratified airway epithelium, it's possible that they were not directly impacted by nZnO exposure, at the doses/time points used. (cdc.gov)
Around 80% of all human cancers develop in the epithelium, and of the different epithelial cancer types, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most deadly. (ukri.org)
Alternatively, it is possible that SCC instead initially develops from the differentiated keratin 1-positive and keratin 14-negative suprabasal layer of the epithelium, which sits above the basal layer. (ukri.org)
Of note, differentiated goblet cells retained longer telomeres than columnar lined BE epithelium. (oncotarget.com)
The lung alveolar epithelium comprises two types of specialized epithelial cells, the alveolar epithelial type I cells (AT1), that cover approximately 93% of the alveolar surface area and through which gas exchange takes place, and the type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) that constitute 60% of lung alveolar cells and are the producer of the different surfactant proteins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The useful renal epithelium consists of differentiated and polarized tubular cells with a powerful actin cortex and specialised cell-cell junctions. (diastrip.com)
The respiratory epithelium in trachea and bronchi is pseudostratified and primarily consists of three main cell types - cilia cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. (lonza.com)
Basal cells are progenitor cells that differentiate into cells types found within the epithelium. (lonza.com)
some types infect mucosal epithelium and cause anogenital warts. (msdmanuals.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
HPV has a predilection for differentiating squamous epithelium, where it infects and transforms host cells. (medscape.com)

Signals that regulate epithelial regeneration upon stem cell injury are largely unknown. (nature.com)
Expression of Lgr5 is controlled by Wnt signaling, which plays a critical role for stem cell turnover in the gastrointestinal tract 2 . (nature.com)
Rspo proteins are secreted and can stabilize the effects of Wnt ligands by preventing ubiquitination and turnover of the Wnt receptor frizzled 9 , thereby dictating the size of the Lgr5 + stem cell pool by regulating self-renewal of Lgr5 + cells 10 . (nature.com)
We have shown that in the stomach, stem cell homeostasis is regulated by Wnt and Rspo secreted by stromal myofibroblasts 11 . (nature.com)
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) replacement transplantation can ameliorate diseased hematologic system, thus inhibiting immune disorders including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficient disorders. (stanford.edu)
Lung failure due to aging can be traced to loss of lung stem cell regenerative capacity within the distinctive stem cell niches found within each compartment of the lung. (karger.com)
Current knowledge about the identity and function of these stem cell compartments has been largely drawn from a variety of transgenic and spontaneously mutated mouse models that are characterized by rapid rates of aging or have been used to examine regeneration from injury in the context of natural or accelerated aging. (karger.com)
In this review, we will present current data on lung aging and lung regeneration, with specific attention paid to stem cell-driven regeneration within the context of aging. (karger.com)
At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)
During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)
Hypoimmune induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapeutics treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in immunocompetent allogeneic mice. (ucsf.edu)
First, a hair follicle contains epithelial cells - a cell type that lines the body's vessels and cavities - as well as a specific kind of adult stem cell called dermal papillae. (scienceblog.com)
Still, he notes that stem-cell researchers are developing more workarounds, including strategies using only chemical agents. (scienceblog.com)
Mani and colleagues at MIT showed that epithelial cells can be induced to take on stem cell properties by forcing them to undergo EMT. (weeksmd.com)
They found that GD2 expression, one such mesenchymal stem cell marker, divided the breast cancer cell lines into two distinct groups: about 4.5 percent of cells were GD2-positive and about 92.7 percent were GD2-negative. (weeksmd.com)
Results: Mouse and human gastric corpus organoids that were cultured in conventional culture media showed high expression of the gastrointestinal epithelial stem cell marker Lgr5 and low abundances of the markers of differentiated stomach cell types. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Found within Wharton's jelly - which is easily harvested from what would otherwise be post-natal medical waste - are several distinct stem cell genes. (articlecity.com)
With this raw material, biomedical firms can create stem cell lines that, among other things, aid recuperation via the regeneration of tissue that has been lost or damaged. (articlecity.com)
This type of stem cell is very versatile and has a wide range of uses, though procuring them entails medical and ethical challenges. (articlecity.com)
This piece will focus on the medical technology being developed using Wharton's jelly as a source material for stem cells, but will also delve into broader aspects of stem cell research, one of the most fascinating current areas of scientific study. (articlecity.com)
Americord is the pioneer of and only cord blood bank to offer CryoMaxx TM Placental Processing - because stem cell banking should benefit the whole family. (americordblood.com)
Banking this tissue is an opportunity to give your entire family access to the future of regenerative stem cell medicine. (americordblood.com)
His lab also studies the molecular signals that regulate lung stem cell activity, and how the signals can be manipulated to restore their activity. (stanford.edu)
He participates in research involving gene correction of CFTR in lung stem cells from patients with Cystic fibrosis followed by autologous stem cell transplantation to provide lifelong restoration of physiological activity. (stanford.edu)
We are focused on Wnt signaling because this appears to be a key signal that confers stem cell potency in both mouse and human lung, and is overactive in diseases like lung adenocarcinoma and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). (stanford.edu)
My lab also studies the role of TERT in lung stem cell biology and repair of acute lung injury, which is a culprit gene mutation in IPF. (stanford.edu)
KRAS(G12D) drives lepidic adenocarcinoma through stem-cell reprogramming. (stanford.edu)
In so doing, we also uncover a capacity for oncogenic KRAS to reprogram a differentiated and quiescent cell back into its parent stem cell en route to adenomatous transformation. (stanford.edu)
These stem cells are an integral part of the epithelial stem cell niche. (stemaidinstitute.com)

Here we investigated whether polarized monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells might regulate inflammatory responses by secreting IL-8 in a vectorial fashion (i.e. apical versus basolateral) depending on the location of the TLR stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
These results show that IL-8 induces autocrine signalling via an apical CXCR1 in Caco-2 BBE intestinal epithelial cells and that this receptor is also expressed on the apical surface of differentiated human intestinal epithelial cells in vivo , suggesting an autocrine function for IL-8 secreted in the lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a key role in the inflammatory response to colonizing or invading microorganisms via the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8). (biomedcentral.com)
Collapse of the villus architecture, known as villus atrophy, is often observed in response to pathogen invasion, inflammation, and ischemia due to loss of intestinal epithelial cells, resulting in symptoms of diarrhea and malabsorption. (wustl.edu)

HES1 influences the maintenance of certain stem cells and progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cycling HES1 levels also contribute to the maintenance of neural progenitor cells by regulating Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) and Dll1 oscillations. (wikipedia.org)
Human tissue-engineered colon forms from postnatal progenitor cells: an in vivo murine model. (ca.gov)
Conclusion: Colon can form from human progenitor cells on a scaffold in a mouse host. (ca.gov)
While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
At puberty mammary epithelial stem/progenitor cells that have a home in the terminal end buds (TEBs) go through collective migration to operate a vehicle ductal morphogenesis (Ewald et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
2001 These results imply both epithelial plasticity-promoting and -restricting systems might be very important to the morphogenic potential of TEB WYE-354 stem/progenitor cells (Godde et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Many cancers originate from stem or progenitor cells hijacked by somatic mutations that drive replication, exemplified by adenomatous transformation of pulmonary alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells1. (stanford.edu)

Accurate fluid pressure in the fetal lung is critical for its development, especially at the beginning of the saccular stage when alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells differentiate from the epithelial progenitors. (lu.se)

Currently we are collecting and growing epithelial cells from the ocular surface of donor eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
The knowledge gained from separating and identifying different cells types of the eye will provide greater understanding into the physiology and overall function of the various eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer stem cells are similar to normal stem cells that renew specialized tissues. (weeksmd.com)
Of the different tumour types arising in epithelial tissues, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most malignant and has the highest metastatic potential. (ukri.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Apoptosis is observed in developing tissues and is believed to remove abnormal cells. (oist.jp)
Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
2009 whereas incomplete and reversible EMT takes place during morphogenesis of specific epithelial tissues such as for example mammary gland WYE-354 (MG) (Nakaya and Sheng 2013 Although very much has been learned all about the molecular systems that promote EMT during early advancement and in tumor cells hereditary pathways that regulate incomplete EMT during tissues morphogenesis to keep epithelial lineages are badly characterized. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Right here we offer in vivo proof to get a previously unrecognized system that defends epithelial identification during mammary tissues morphogenesis and regeneration that involves Ovo-like 2 (Ovol2) an associate from the Ovo category of zinc finger TFs that are recognized to regulate epithelial advancement in epidermis aswell as mammalian epidermis and testis (Dai et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Similarly, the transplantation of other tissue-specific stem cells, such as stem cells isolated from epithelial and neural tissues, can treat mouse disease models and human patients in which epithelial and neural cells are damaged. (articlecity.com)

The luminal epithelial cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, C-kit, and CEA, while the abluminal myoepithelial cells were positive for P63 and SMA (Figure 3 ). (hindawi.com)
MG goes through dramatic tissue development and redecorating during puberty and being pregnant generating not merely luminal epithelial cells but also a distinctive mesenchymal-like epithelial inhabitants specifically basal/myoepithelial cells (Watson and Khaled 2008 Hence MG acts as a perfect system to review the hereditary circuits that control epithelial lineage plasticity. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)

This has been studied mainly in the small intestine, where different cell types such as enterocyte progenitors 4 , more differentiated secretory Bmi1 + cells 3 , or even fully differentiated Paneth cells can repopulate crypts upon injury. (nature.com)
Using mouse models, we discovered that mutations in murine Col4a1 and Col4a2 genes affected the balance between lung epithelial progenitors and differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In squamous epithelia, this is defined as continuous strong nuclear, or nuclear plus cytoplasmic, staining of the basal cell layer with extension upward involving at least one-third of the epithelial thickness. (cancer.org.au)
Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEpC) (at ≥ 90% viability) were seeded on 12-well porous 0.4 µm- cell culture inserts in basal cell culture medium. (cdc.gov)
In parallel, the expression of basal cell marker(KRT5) was partially modulated by nZnO exposure. (cdc.gov)
3 Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can be of the following types: myoepithelial Carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial Carcinoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, etc. (org.pk)
How SCC develops is currently poorly understood, however, it is known that as well as expressing normal basal cell markers such as keratin 14, they also express markers normally found in differentiated squamous cells such as keratin 1. (ukri.org)
Sarcomas and basal cell carcinomas with underlying adenocarcinoma also occur. (msdmanuals.com)

Lgr5 is a well-established marker of these basal stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract 1 and lineage tracing experiments have demonstrated that Lgr5 + cells give rise to clonal cell populations establishing entire colonic crypts 2 . (nature.com)
Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa. (embl.de)
The ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) occurs at sites of chronic ulceration in Crohn's disease, expresses all three trefoil peptides, and is implicated in mucosal restitution. (embl.de)
2013 high light the exceptional lineage plasticity of somatic cells. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
2010 Being pregnant induces dramatic enlargement and regression of epithelial elements aswell as powerful remodeling from the stromal environment (Watson and Khaled 2008 creating just one more developmental home window where epithelial lineage plasticity may need to be intricately controlled. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
2006 Adult stem cells with bipotential or unipotential are also within the mammary basal area via lineage tracing under physiological circumstances (Rios et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Intriguingly, these atrophy-induced villus epithelial cells (aVECs) possessed a fetal-like transcriptional profile, yet were terminally differentiated and lineage-committed. (wustl.edu)

For in vitro studies, human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2b) were treated with waterpipe smoke extract (WPSE, 5%), nicotine (5mM), and/or cysteamine (250muM, an autophagy inducer and anti-oxidant drug), for 6hrs. (who.int)

Organoids can be propagated from patient biopsies and from embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells). (sigmaaldrich.com)
During embryonic development, the extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes the production of differentiated products by epithelial cells and the migration of mesenchymal cells, and probably also plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. (nih.gov)
Embryonic stem cells, which must be extracted from embryos three to five days old (known as blastocysts, which contain only about 150 cells at this point of development). (articlecity.com)
Adult stem cells, which are present in small amounts in adult tissue but less adaptable than embryonic stem cells, making their use in medical treatments more challenging. (articlecity.com)
They have many of the positive characteristics of embryonic stem cells while sourcing material is far less challenging, since postpartum tissue can be used. (articlecity.com)

Any change in the numbers of these cell types is termed as 'airway remodeling', which is a disease-related phenotype in several lung diseases. (cdc.gov)
After Ang II treatment, poorly differentiated endometrial cancer cell line acquired a mesenchymal phenotype, which was characterized by induced expression of EMT-related genes (VIM, CD44, SNAI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2). (spandidos-publications.com)
Various mechanisms, such as accelerated senescence due to premature telomere shortening and adaption of a "senescence associated secretory phenotype" with production of profibrotic mediators, surfactant abnormalities, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, lead to exhaustion of the alveolar epithelial precursor cells with consequent defective re-epithelialisation [ 14 - 19 ]. (ersjournals.com)
The characterization of the cultured AT2 cells complies with current criteria for an alveolar type 2 cell phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Wnt7a expression correlated with formation of tip cells, a migratory endothelial phenotype critical for angiogenesis. (stanford.edu)

Chlamydia infects columnar epithelial cells, which places the adolescent female at particular risk because of the presence of the squamocolumnar junction on the ectocervix until early adulthood. (medscape.com)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects epithelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Oxidative stress produces DNA damage and also induces responses, which could help the cell to restore the initial equilibrium. (hindawi.com)
Transcriptome analyses revealed that Caco-2 BBE cells respond to stimulation with IL-8 supporting the hypothesis that IL-8 induces G protein-coupled receptor signalling. (biomedcentral.com)

In an effort to advance the treatment strategies for the ocular surface diseases, I am focused on a regenerative medicine and single cell RNA sequencing based approaches to better comprehend the cellular biomarkers and molecular mechanisms involved in corneal tissue development and diseases. (stanford.edu)
In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
Conclusions: Mature differentiated parietal and enterochromaffin-like cells were rare in tissue derived mouse and human gastric organoids that were cultured using standard conditions. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The biopsy showed spindle cell component with mild atypia, invasion into surrounding tissue, and increased mitotic activity on the basis of which a diagnosis of Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma developing in a background of pleomorphic adenoma was made. (org.pk)
Recently, a number of studies have shown that Ang II plays an important role in proliferation, invasiveness and migration of tumour cells, alteration of expression of cancer-related genes, as well as in physiological tissue remodelling. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epithelial tissue lines the surface of the body (i.e. the skin), along organs and glands inside it. (ukri.org)
To identify genes that ASPP2 uses to suppress SCC, we will also conduct gene array analysis on SCC samples from ASPP2 exon3-null and heterozygous mice, and compare them with tissue samples from wild type mice. (ukri.org)
In addition, pilot studies of human BE-, dysplasia- and EAC tissue samples confirmed that BE epithelial cells with or without dysplasia (LGD) had shorter telomeres compared to gastric cardia tissue. (oncotarget.com)
However, it is not known if CXCR1 is expressed on the apical or basolateral poles in polarized Caco-2 BBE cells or human intestinal tissue or whether the direction of TLR signalling influences the direction of IL-8 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, we determined the localization of the CXCR1 receptor in Caco-2 BBE cells and human intestinal tissue samples and investigated the role of IL-8 autocrine signalling using transcriptomics. (biomedcentral.com)
Several groups have developed methods to isolate human AT2 cells applying tissue digestion and consecutive filtration in their protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we present a technique to isolate primary human AT2 cells by sprouting directly from peripheral human lung tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial cell cultures were established from lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy. (biomedcentral.com)
Lung tissue was cut into small pieces and those were placed into cell culture flasks containing supplemented epithelial growth medium for cell sprouting. (biomedcentral.com)
This study describes a novel method for isolating AT2 cells from human adult lung tissue by sprouting. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared to current protocols for the culture of AT2 cells, isolating the cells by sprouting is simple, avoids proteolytic tissue digestion, and has the advantage to be successful even from as few tissue as attained from a transbronchial forceps biopsy. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial cell cultures were established from lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) performed at the Division of Thoracic Surgery or undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsy at the Clinics of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006 as well as the lifetime of pluripotent cells in physiological adult tissue (Roy et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Partner with Lonza and choose from a broad donor variety of airway cells from normal, asthmatic, COPD, Cystic Fibrosis or iPF lung tissue. (lonza.com)
Current research is focused on growing a wide range of new tissue from stem cells, including muscle, blood, brain, and cartilage cells. (articlecity.com)
Signaling molecules that regulate cell growth and tissue regeneration. (americordblood.com)
Placenta tissue containing multi-potent cells, growth factors, cytokines, and ECM is being studied in a number of clinical trials. (americordblood.com)
Placental tissue contains more cell types compared to cord tissue. (americordblood.com)
Americord's unique proprietary CryoMaxx™ processing method uses a minimal manipulation method to isolate the amnion and chorion layers of the placental tissue and retain their inherent multipotent cells, growth factors, and cytokines. (americordblood.com)
We focus our attention on lung stem cells and the molecular signals that regulate their activity to repair and regenerate lung tissue after injury. (stanford.edu)
Our experimental approaches involve mouse genetics, single cell genomics, organoid culture, lung slice culture, and we perform histological analysis of lung tissue using advanced fluorescence microscopy technologies. (stanford.edu)
We hypothesized that Wnt activation in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) is required for pulmonary angiogenesis, and its loss contributes to PAH.METHODS: Lung tissue and PMVECs from healthy and PAH patients were screened for Wnt production. (stanford.edu)

While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)
Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Specifically, we argue that the hypercoagulable and hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19 is a consequence of the expanded tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which allows it to infect vascular endothelial cells, and that cytokine storm physiology contributes to a lesser degree. (ersjournals.com)
Renal filtration depends on the integrity of epithelial and endothelial monolayers in the tubular and glomerular apparatus. (biomedcentral.com)
Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGEnC) (ScienCell) were maintained in endothelial cell medium ECM (ScienCell). (biomedcentral.com)
Lonza offers a comprehensive range of normal human respiratory epithelial, smooth muscle, fibroblast and endothelial cells with a broad donor variety. (lonza.com)

SCC is the most malignant epithelial tumour type, with the highest metastatic potential. (ukri.org)
Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
2011 Latest generally in vitro research have implicated many EMT-inducing transcription elements (EMT-TFs) such as for example Snail Slug and Zeb1 as critical indicators that promote stemness in regular and malignant mammary epithelial cells (MECs) (Chaffer et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Lip squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant lesion of aggressive behavior, which must be recognized by health professionals to prevent damage to patient's health. (bvsalud.org)

Regeneration requires stromal Rspo3, which is present at increased levels upon injury and reprograms Lgr5 − but Lgr4 + differentiated cells. (nature.com)
This Rspo3-driven regeneration program is supported by injury-induced stromal remodeling, and is essential for epithelial recovery. (nature.com)
These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)

Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT2) play a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity and function of the alveoli. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell adhesion and individual cell motility play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts, polarity, and renal filtration. (biomedcentral.com)

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals. (sigmaaldrich.com)
ARPE-19 is a nontransformed human RPE cell line that displays many differentiated properties typical of RPE in vivo. (nist.gov)
While much is known about the ErbB receptor binding characteristics of BTC and its effect on a variety of cultured cells under different conditions, the challenge that lies ahead is to determine the role of BTC in vivo. (embl.de)
Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)

As advancement in methods to differentiate iPSC into ocular lineages progresses, new non-integrative transfection strategies shows more promise for safe clinical application. (stanford.edu)
We hypothesize that iPSC reprogrammed from ocular epithelial cells will be more efficient in differentiating into ocular lineages and exhibit higher functionality than non-ocular sources such as fibroblasts or blood. (stanford.edu)
Cells of epithelial lineages can go through phenotypic changes to get mesenchymal features via an epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) plan (Kalluri and Weinberg 2009 Full EMT takes place during mesoderm or neural crest development to generate completely dedicated mesenchymal cell types (Thiery et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
The basal/myoepithelial inhabitants of adult MG provides the so-called multipotent mammary stem cells (MaSCs) that upon transplantation can handle regenerating a whole epithelial network made up of both luminal and basal/myoepithelial lineages (Shackleton et al. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Type B influenza is classified into two lineages: B/Yamagata and B/Victoria. (cdc.gov)

HPV-related squamous disease reflects a unified epithelial biology. (cancer.org.au)
Xu and his team, which includes researchers from Penn's departments of Dermatology and Biology, as well as the New Jersey Institute of Technology, started with human skin cells called dermal fibroblasts. (scienceblog.com)
Aim: Organoid cultures are a powerful model system for the study of cell biology and human disease. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

We demonstrate that while Rspo3 from myofibroblasts maintains colonic Lgr5 + cells during homeostasis, during injury its main function is not to maintain Lgr5 + cells but to interact with more differentiated cells that express Lgr4 but not Lgr5 and are able to regain expression of Wnt target genes and generate new crypts. (nature.com)
Indeed, if the expression of Hes1, Hes3, and Hes5 genes is inhibited, the expression of proneural genes increases, and while neurogenesis is accelerated, neural stem cells become prematurely depleted. (wikipedia.org)
Thus HES1 genes are only involved in maintaining, not creating, neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
These results were confirmed using quantitative PCR which showed that HES1-high cells showed high levels of Brachyury and Fgf5 expression (both of which are expressed highly in mesodermal cell types) with comparatively low levels genes expressed in neural cells such as Nestin. (wikipedia.org)
By adding three genes, they converted those cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have the capability to differentiate into any cell types in the body. (scienceblog.com)
What's more, the process Xu used to create iPSCs involves genetic modification of human cells with genes encoding oncogenic proteins and so needs more refinement. (scienceblog.com)
Comparing gene expression between GD2+ cells and CD44 high/CD24 low cells revealed 100 percent correlation in the expression of 231 genes. (weeksmd.com)
We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, we examined alterations in the expression of genes related to cancer cell behaviour after Ang II treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The identified ASPP2-regulated genes will then be analysed further to determine whether or not they are involved in epithelial stratification. (ukri.org)
In particular, genes involved in epithelial stratification and that are targets of the p63, Notch and Wnt signaling pathways will be examined to determine the molecular mechanisms by which ASPP2 is able to suppress the development of SCC. (ukri.org)

Fully differentiated cells were exposed to aerosolized nZnO for 6 minutes, at the indicated doses, using the VitroCell® Cloud Alpha 12 system. (cdc.gov)

The ciliated cells are located across the apical surface and facilitate the movement of mucus across the airway tract. (lonza.com)

Upon Lgr5 + cell depletion, these cells are recruited to contribute to crypt regeneration. (nature.com)
Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
Thus, we find that endogenous Rspo3 signaling is a critical determinant of cellular fate within the crypt and stimulates rapid recruitment of differentiated cells for epithelial wound healing and crypt regeneration through induction of Wnt signaling. (nature.com)
The epithelial stem cells, when implanted into immunocompromised mice, regenerated the different cell types of human skin and hair follicles, and even produced structurally recognizable hair shaft, raising the possibility that they may eventually enable hair regeneration in people. (scienceblog.com)
The hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) present in the hair follicle play a vital role in hair growth and regeneration. (stemaidinstitute.com)

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common types of cancer in women, and ranks 4th (7.1%) in incidence among all female cancers. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, both angiotensin receptors (AT1 and AT2) are overexpressed in different types of cancers, which confirms the role of local RAS in cancer development and progression ( 3 , 5 - 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Around 80% of human cancers are epithelial in origin. (ukri.org)
Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
The recent success of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for cancer has revealed CD8 T cells as potent mediators of immunity against advanced cancers ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore compelled expression from the repressor isoform of Ovol2 can reprogram metastatic breasts cancers cells from a mesenchymal for an epithelial condition. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
Persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types can cause cervical cancer in women as well as other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers in women and men. (cdc.gov)
High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Essentially all cervical cancers are attributable to high-risk HPV types ( 8 ), and approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide are caused by types 16 and 18 ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Both vaccines protect against HPV types 16 and 18, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. (cdc.gov)
HPV type 16 also causes the majority of other cancers attributable to HPV. (cdc.gov)

The goal of the cornea ageing and rejuvenation project is to analyze the difference between a young adult versus an old adult in terms of their markers involved in ageing, senescence, inflammation, mitochrondria dysfunction and epithelial homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
Senescence of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a crucial event in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (nist.gov)
Premature senescence of human ARPE-19 cells was induced by repeated treatments with 6 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide (tert-BHP). (nist.gov)
ii) The downregulation of ribosomal proteins is most likely a typical secondary feature of senescent cells with growth cell arrest while the stress-induced downregulation of Ran could be a causal factor in growth cell arrest and therefore in senescence itself. (nist.gov)

The CXCR1 receptor for IL-8 was expressed only on the apical membrane of Caco-2 BBE cells and differentiated epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. (biomedcentral.com)

The colonic epithelial turnover is driven by crypt-base stem cells that express the R-spondin receptor Lgr5. (nature.com)
Hypoimmune anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells provide lasting tumor control in fully immunocompetent allogeneic humanized mice. (ucsf.edu)
A new hypothesis states that the microtubule- and intermediate filament-rich endoplasm, containing the nucleus, moves past the actin cortex-receptor-matrix complex into the newly synthesized front end of the mesenchymal cell to effect forward movement. (nih.gov)
This peptide-MHC complex signals through the T cell receptor and its associated proteins. (nih.gov)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
The T cell receptor does not act on its own to transmit signal 1 into the cell. (nih.gov)
The T cell receptor and its associated CD3 complex. (nih.gov)

Our aim is to establish phenotypically and transcriptionally characterized different subsets of primary human ocular cells. (stanford.edu)
Immunofluorescence staining confirmed human origin, identified differentiated epithelial cell types and verified the presence of supporting mesenchyme. (ca.gov)
Human intestinal organoids are self-organizing, 3D structures that can be expanded in long-term culture and differentiate into intestinal epithelial cell types. (sigmaaldrich.com)
3dGRO ™ Human iPSC Derived Colon Organoids are derived from integration-free human iPS cells (Cat. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Human iPS cells were differentiated using a multi-step process from definitive endoderm to posterior hind-gut endoderm and eventually into colon organoids (Figure 1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Highly characterized cryopreserved human colon intestinal organoids derived from integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Comparison of the gene expression patterns of the human iPSC-derived epithelial stem cells with epithelial stem cells obtained from human hair follicles showed that the team had succeeded in producing the cells they set out to make in the first place. (scienceblog.com)
When they mixed those cells with mouse follicular inductive dermal cells and grafted them onto the skin of immunodeficient mice, they produced functional human epidermis (the outermost layers of skin cells) and follicles structurally similar to human hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
That said, iPSC-derived epithelial stem cells are not yet ready for use in human subjects, Xu adds. (scienceblog.com)
Andreeff and Mani in 2010 discovered that human mammary epithelial cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition act similarly to human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (weeksmd.com)
An analysis of 12 human breast cancer tumors found an even higher correlation of 95.5 percent between GD2+ cells and CD44 high/CD24 low status. (weeksmd.com)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) on human EC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Biological assays were performed on well-[Ishikawa (ISH)] moderately (MFE-296) and poorly (MFE-280) differentiated human adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines, representing the G1, G2 and G3 stage of EC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Distinct pathways of cell migration and antiapoptotic response to epithelial injury: structure-function analysis of human intestinal trefoil factor. (embl.de)
CXCR1 is expressed in the human IEC line Caco-2 BBE [ 3 ], which is in agreement with our own microarray data using Caco-2 BBE cell mRNA (see below). (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, using primary human AT2 cells instead of cell lines for in vitro experiments has become desirable. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, using primary human AT2 cells instead of cell lines (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
We analyzed the cellular consequences of hantavirus infection by measuring adhesion and migration capacity of human renal cells infected with Puumala (PUUV) or Hantaan (HTNV) virus. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the underlying mechanisms and effects of hantavirus infection on human renal cells have not been investigated so far. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify the consequences of hantavirus infection, we analyzed adhesion and motility capacity of human renal cells infected with hantaviruses PUUV or HTNV. (biomedcentral.com)
Human renal epithelial cells (HREpCs) (PromoCell) were cultured in renal epithelial cell growth medium-2 (PromoCell). (biomedcentral.com)
The human podocyte cell line was derived from human normal podocytes conditionally transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
This is because stem cells are, basically, the core building blocks of all human cells - which is why they are most prominently a part of human physiology during gestation in the womb. (articlecity.com)
Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body. (articlecity.com)
Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
Like human lepidic adenocarcinoma, the tumour cells slowly spread along alveolar walls in a non-destructive manner and have low ERK activity. (stanford.edu)
Overall, we have identified a new cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma, the AT1 cell, which recapitulates features of human lepidic cancer. (stanford.edu)
Finally, I found evidence of aVEC-like cells in human disease states with villus injury, such as Crohn's and celiac disease. (wustl.edu)
We have recently shown that the replication of rhinovirus, poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus requires the co-translational N-myristoylation of viral proteins by human host cell N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), and is inhibited by treatment with IMP-1088, an ultrapotent small molecule NMT inhibitor. (cdc.gov)
Amplified DNA from cells harboring human papillomavirus are used as positive controls. (medscape.com)

It is controversial whether the membranous (M) cells of the Peyer's patches represent a separate cell line or develop from enterocytes under the influence of lymphocytes on the domes. (nih.gov)

The trefoil peptide intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) plays a critical role in the protection of colonic mucosa and is essential to restitution after epithelial damage. (embl.de)
Interestingly, IL-8 has been measured in the colon milieu of healthy volunteers using a dialysis bag inserted in the rectum [ 9 ] suggesting that it might be apically secreted by colonic epithelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
2019 Long-Term Culture Captures Injury-Repair Cycles of Colonic Stem Cells. (wustl.edu)

At higher magnification, the tumor cells showed minimal cytological atypia, scant cytoplasm, fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, and rare mitotic figures (Figure 2 ). (hindawi.com)
The tumor cells were round to oval with fine chromatin, small inconspicuous nucleoli, indistinct cell borders, and light nongranular cytoplasm. (hindawi.com)
Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

This malign neoplasia's synonyms are squamous cells carcinoma, squamous-cellular carcinoma and spinous cellular carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)
The lung is a complex, precisely structured organ in which the vascular network is intimately associated with epithelial-lined tubes and sacs for the prime purpose of gas exchange. (biomedcentral.com)
In the developing lung, the specific temporal-spatial interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells are carefully orchestrated to permit the gradual establishment of an effective blood-gas barrier (BGB) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lung development timeline and type IV collagen expression in the chicken and the mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
d - i Type IV collagen protein and mRNA expression in the lung. (biomedcentral.com)
Our application sections, further down on this page, are packed with data, white papers, posters and other useful tools, giving you an overview on how Lonza's airway cells are being used to study diseases like asthma, COPD, lung cancer and more. (lonza.com)
Dr. Desai conducts basic and translational research on lung stem cells that repair and regenerate the lung after injury, and their role in diseases like IPF, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and lung adenocarcinoma. (stanford.edu)
My lab is focused on understanding the causes of and working towards specific molecular and cell-based treatments for lung diseases like cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, COPD. (stanford.edu)
Lung stem cells can also be exploited to treat monogenic diseases, by using CRISPR to correct the genetic mutation then transplanting them back into the patient. (stanford.edu)
Lung epithelial cells are located on the surface of the internal parts of the lung, and they are responsible for gas exchange (i.e., breathing). (lu.se)
These cells are heavily damaged in patients with lung fibrosis. (lu.se)
Previously, our research team had found that two molecules, or more specifically, co-transcriptional regulators, known as YAP and TAZ, are involved in the damage of the lung epithelial cells. (lu.se)

Salivary duct carcinoma and high-grade adenocarcinoma are the histologic types that most commonly arise in the background of Pleomorphic adenoma. (org.pk)

These are as follows: sustained proliferative signalling, cell death resistance, replicative immortality, genome instability and increased mutations, tumour-promoted inflammation, insensibility to growth repressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, evasion of immune destruction, induction of metastasis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Augmentation of ERK activity in KRAS(G12D)-induced AT1 cells increases transformation efficiency, proliferation and progression from lepidic to mixed tumour histology. (stanford.edu)

When epithelial cells transform into mesenchyme in the embryo, or when they are induced to do this in vitro, they switch from the keratin intermediate filament profile to one rich in vimentin, and the effect of cell matrix interaction on cell shape is profoundly altered. (nih.gov)

They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. (nih.gov)
The goblet cells produce and secrete mucous to trap pathogens and debris within the airway tract. (lonza.com)
The dermal papilla cells secrete various signaling molecules, such as growth factors and hormones, which stimulate the hair matrix cells to proliferate and produce hair fibers. (stemaidinstitute.com)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

Similar pathways were enriched in the upper airway with a concomitant increase in antiviral type I interferon signaling. (imperial.ac.uk)

LSIL is the morphologic expression of acute HPV infection and is characterised by cells with increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios and irregular nuclear membranes. (cancer.org.au)
The initial response of epithelial cells to infection is a neutrophilic infiltration, followed by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and eosinophilic invasion. (medscape.com)
Infection with chlamydial organisms invokes a humoral cell response, resulting in secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and circulatory immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and a cellular immune response. (medscape.com)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
Tubular and glomerular cells represent target cells of hantavirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection of kidney cells with hantavirus species PUUV and HTNV causes a significant reduction of migration capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
The direct impairment of migration capacity of renal cells by hantaviral N proteins may contribute substantially to proteinuria observed in the clinical picture of hantavirus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The infection of renal cells by hantaviruses may contribute to proteinuria and may represent a determinant in the clinical course of HFRS. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we examine the importance of N-myristoylation during vaccinia virus (VACV) infection in primate cells and demonstrate the anti-poxviral effects of IMP-1088. (cdc.gov)

Cancer cells demand high energy production to sustain their pathological increase in proliferation rate. (hindawi.com)
Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, various biologically active peptides such as angiotensin, affecting cell proliferation, have become a new area of study in endometrial cancer research. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lastly, we revealed that addition of type IV collagen protein induced myofibroblast proliferation and migration in monolayer culture and increased the formation of mesenchymal-epithelial septal-like structures in co-culture. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that AT1 and AT2 cells act as distinct cells of origin and manifest divergent responses to concomitant WNT activation and KRAS(G12D) induction, which accelerates AT2-derived but inhibits AT1-derived adenoma proliferation. (stanford.edu)

We furthermore hypothesized that timapiprant would dampen RV-induced type 2 inflammation and consequently improve antiviral immune responses.MethodsAtopic patients with partially controlled asthma on maintenance inhaled corticosteroids were randomized to timapiprant (n=22) or placebo (n=22) and challenged with RV-A16 three weeks later. (imperial.ac.uk)
Consequently, the recruitment of immune cells during chronic inflammation increases oxidative stress (OS) in the microenvironment [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cells were harvested at 24 hours or 7 days post exposure, to investigate changes in (a) inflammation, (b) oxidative stress-related, and (c) cell-type specific markers using qPCR and/or IF staining. (cdc.gov)
However, mainly due to the lack of efficacy of the anti-inflammatory treatment approach, there was a shift to the current view that IPF is an epithelial-driven and fibroblast-activated process, in which inflammation is a secondary event [ 8 ]. (ersjournals.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

If a T cell receives signal 1 without signal 2, it may undergo apoptosis or become altered so that it can no longer be activated, even if it later receives both signals ( Figure 24-62 ). (nih.gov)
Although apoptosis is important for establishment of proper neural circuits by eliminating abnormally differentiated neurons, it is unclear how differentiating cells monitor their own abnormality, and how the threshold at which apoptosis is induced is determined. (oist.jp)
During the catagen phase, which is a transitional phase, the hair follicles shrink, and the HFSCs begin to undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death. (stemaidinstitute.com)

Co-senior author Sendurai Mani, Ph.D ., assistant professor in MD Anderson's Department of Molecular Pathology and Co-Director of the Metastasis Research Center, is an expert on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (weeksmd.com)

HES1 is expressed in both neuroepithelial cells and radial glial cells, both neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
In this region, six major classes of retinal neurons differentiate and form neural circuits responsible for vision. (oist.jp)

The term 'microinvasive carcinoma' is no longer recommended, and the term 'superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma' (SISCCA) should be used instead. (cancer.org.au)
Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can be difficult to differentiate from cellular pleomorphic adenoma. (org.pk)
Low-grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma can be difficult to differentiate from cellular pleomorphic adenoma as it does not show obvious cytologic atypia. (org.pk)
ASPP2: A molecular switch of cancer initiating cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma? (ukri.org)
HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
To present incisional biopsy importance as an effective clinical approach for the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis malignancy as well as the professional's lack of knowledge on these two diseases. (bvsalud.org)
This procedure confirmed the diagnosis of lip squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
The physician and dentist must be aware of the main clinical features of lip squamous cell carcinoma so that they can establish its correct diagnosis and early treatment. (bvsalud.org)

Learn which airway cell types exist and what functions they have. (lonza.com)
Choose from a broad donor panel of airway and immune cells, culture media for primary cells, media and endotoxin testing products for vaccine and protein production, or use our Nucleofector TM Technology for virus creation. (lonza.com)
The cells are complemented with detailed donor history critical for airway research such as cause of death, list of medications, extent of smoking etc. (lonza.com)
Lonza's primary cell media products have been optimized for each airway cell type. (lonza.com)
What Are Airway Cells and Their Function? (lonza.com)
Basal cells respond to injury of the airway and subsequently differentiate to restore a healthy epithelial cell layer. (lonza.com)

Some tubes had double layers, with inner layer of epithelial cells and outer layer of myoepithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
the abluminal myoepithelial cells of the tumor are positive for SMA and P63. (hindawi.com)

Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)

We intend to harness the inherent epigenetic memory of the ocular epithelial cells for superior and quicker protocol to regenerate cornea. (stanford.edu)
Due to changes in their epigenetic regulation, differentiated keratin 1-positive squamous epithelial cells may start to re-express keratin 14 and p63 to gain a proliferative potential. (ukri.org)

A549 epithelial cells) for in vitro experiments has become desirable. (biomedcentral.com)
Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)

After 7 days, highly dense 3D cultures were either split 1:2 and embedded in Matrigel, frozen in liquid nitrogen for further use, or dissociated into single cell suspension and plated as undifferentiated monolayers, as described previously ( 2 ) (Technical Appendix Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
We seeded 96 well plates with 1-2 105 cells/well to form monolayers, as described previously ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

The organoids express colon-specific markers including the posterior hindgut marker CDX2, a-carbonic anydrase II (CA-II), a-carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV), and goblet cell markers Mucin-2 and Mucin-5B. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Triptolide stymied cancer growth in cell line experiments and resulted in smaller tumors and prolonged survival in mouse experiments. (weeksmd.com)

One potential approach to reversing hair loss uses stem cells to regenerate the missing or dying hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
They then converted the iPS cells into epithelial stem cells, normally found at the bulge of hair follicles. (scienceblog.com)
This is the first time anyone has made scalable amounts of epithelial stem cells that are capable of generating the epithelial component of hair follicles," Xu says. (scienceblog.com)
Xu and his team mixed iPSC-derived EpSCs and mouse dermal cells to generate hair follicles to achieve the growth of the follicles. (scienceblog.com)
During the anagen phase, anagen hair follicles stem cells divide and differentiate into various cell types, including epithelial cells and dermal papilla cells. (stemaidinstitute.com)

In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

The perturbances in cellular redox homeostasis leads to high free radical burden thereby causing oxidative stress in the cells. (stanford.edu)

Epithelial intestinal organoids, often referred to as enteroids or "mini-guts", maintain the physiological characteristics of the gastrointestinal system and have been a useful cell culture tool to model intestinal development and disease including the study of colon cancer, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and host microbiome interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)

To answer this question, the crypts that produce the dome epithelial cells were studied and the distribution of M cells over the domes was determined in mice. (nih.gov)
As reported in a Penn news release , Xiaowei "George" Xu, MD, PhD, associate professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and colleagues published in Nature Communications a method for converting adult cells into epithelial stem cells (EpSCs), the first time anyone has achieved this in either humans or mice. (scienceblog.com)
Form five times as many tumors when 10 cells of each type are transplanted into mice. (weeksmd.com)

Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Three types of influenza virus are known to affect humans: A, B, and C. Type A influenza has subtypes determined by the surface antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy72

Organisms13

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Differentiation30

Epithelium21

Stem cell30

Intestinal epithelial cells4

Progenitor9

Alveolar epithelial type1

Tissues14

Luminal epithelial cells2

Progenitors2

Basal cell6

Lineage7

Bronchial1

Embryonic5

Phenotype5

Infects2

Induces2

Tissue30

Endothelial8

Malignant4

Stromal4

Play a pivotal role2

Vivo4

Lineages5

Biology3

Genes11

Fully differentiated1

Apical surface1

Regeneration5

Cancers11

Senescence4

Small intestine1

Receptor7

Human30

Enterocytes1

Colonic3

Tumor cells3

Squamous cells1

Lung12

Adenocarcinoma1

Tumour2

Mesenchyme1

Secrete4

Pathways1

Infection10

Proliferation5

Inflammation5

Apoptosis3

Transition1

Neural2

Carcinoma8

Airway6

Myoepithelial cells2

Unclear1

Epigenetic2

Vitro2

Monolayers2

Goblet cell1

Experiments1

Hair follicles5

Undergo1

Homeostasis1

Gastrointestinal1

Mice3

Humans2