Epithelial cells and epithelial disseminated tumor cells immunomagnetic. Medical search. Frequent questions

Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumour, circulate in the peripheral blood, and are considered to be the main root of distant metastases. (iiarjournals.org)
Even then he presumed that these cells, today known as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), could play a role in the development of distant metastases. (iiarjournals.org)
Nowadays, a huge body of literature describes CTCs as cells that, after detaching from the primary tumour and circulating through the blood or lymphatic system, are the main cause of the occurrence of metastases in patients with epithelial cancer ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Numerous studies suggest that detection of CTCs in the blood or disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of patients with cancer is linked to poor outcomes of the disease and reduced treatment efficiency ( 5 , 6 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Currently, only one methodology for the discovery and enumeration of CTCs is approved, at least for the metastatic setting by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), namely the so-called Cell Search® System ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This method is based on the immunomagnetic enrichment of CTCs from patient's blood samples, with subsequent staining of these cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Using this technique, it has been shown that the existence of CTCs is a prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with epithelial cancer types, such as breast, colon or prostate cancer ( 11 - 15 ). (iiarjournals.org)
An emerging method to detect metastasis is the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has shown promise in filling the gaps left by other diagnostic methods. (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs are tumor cells originating from primary sites or metastases that circulate in the patients' bloodstream and are very rarely found in healthy individuals ( 9 , 10 ) ( Figure 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Morphological-based isolation separates CTCs according to size discrepancies, using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) or according to density, using density-gradient separation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs can extravasate and become seeds for the subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastases) in distant organs, a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, CTCs are very rare, often present as only a few cells per milliliter of blood, which makes their detection challenging. (wikipedia.org)
CTCs that originate from carcinomas (cancers of epithelial origin, which are the most prevalent) can be classified according to the expression of epithelial markers, as well as their size and whether they are apoptotic. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokeratin-negative CTCs are characterised by the lack of EpCAM or cytokeratins, which may indicate an undifferentiated phenotype (circulating cancer stem cells) or the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype (known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT). (wikipedia.org)
Apoptotic CTCs are traditional CTCs that are undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death). (wikipedia.org)
Measuring the ratio of traditional CTC to apoptotic CTCs-from baseline to therapy-provides clues to treatment efficacy in targeting and killing cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Small CTCs are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative, but with sizes and shapes similar to white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Small CTCs have been implicated in progressive disease and differentiation into small cell carcinomas, which often require a different therapeutic course. (wikipedia.org)
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), as one of the materials of "liquid biopsy, " have important guiding roles in the early diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, judgment of prognosis and therapeutic response, and monitoring of tumor recurrence and metastasis. (sdu.edu.cn)
focus on circulating tumor cells (CTCs)[J]. Oral Oncol, 2017, 74: 83- 89. (sdu.edu.cn)
Prospective studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of identifying and quantifying CTCs in the prediction of malignant tumour treatment outcomes, including cancers of the breast, colon and prostate (3). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
CTCs can be isolated from patients' blood in the course of most cancers due to the ease of identification of the epithelial phenotype of the cancer. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
CTCs are suspected of being instrumental for dissemination of the cancer during surgery, which involves mechanical manipulation and traumatisation of the primary tumour (5). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The detection of CTCs in peripheral blood is one of the most promising approaches to identify disseminated disease in colorectal cancer (CRC). (researchsquare.com)
The isolation and molecular analysis of CTCs in peripheral blood is one of the most promising approaches to identify disseminated disease, in order to upgrade or downgrade the multimodal therapy. (researchsquare.com)
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which is able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of (micro)metastases and at last, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
Moreover, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a 'liquid biopsy', represents an attractive opportunity. (amegroups.org)
In the last decade, the detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood have demonstrated to provide useful information for the clinical management of BC by predicting treatment benefit earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
Cancer metastases descend from proliferative circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which disseminate from the primary tumor via blood and lymph vessels. (fraunhofer.de)
Nonetheless the small number of CTCs compared to billions of blood cells in a patient sample requires sensitive methods to obtain reproducible tumor cell recovery rates. (fraunhofer.de)

The presence of such cells in the blood coexists with micrometastases, which are clinically silent, and/or precedes the clinical emergence of metastases (4). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The reverse process, known as Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition (MET), is one of the most important stages of the development of cancer metastases. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Emerging techniques using the analysis of circulating tumor cells show promising results in predicting and identifying the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in patients. (iiarjournals.org)
Circulating tumor cells in the blood stream. (iiarjournals.org)
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cell that has shed into the vasculature or lymphatics from a primary tumor and is carried around the body in the blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Progress in clinical research on circulating tumor cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(4): 18-24. (sdu.edu.cn)
Significance of circulating tumor cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: initial results[J]. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2010, 136 (12): 1274- 1279. (sdu.edu.cn)
Evaluation of incidence, significance, and prognostic role of circulating tumor microemboli and transforming growth factor-β receptor I in head and neck cancer[J]. Head Neck, 2017, 39 (11): 2283- 2292. (sdu.edu.cn)
Circulating tumour cells in locally advanced head and neck cancer: preliminary report about their possible role in predicting response to non-surgical treatment and survival[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2012, 48 (16): 3019- 3026. (sdu.edu.cn)
A simple multicolor flow cytometry protocol for detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells in epithelial cancers[J]. Cytometry A, 2012, 81 (6): 489- 495. (sdu.edu.cn)
Monitoring of circulating tumor cells and their expression of EGFR/phospho-EGFR during combined radiotherapy regimens in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2012, 83 (5): e685- e690. (sdu.edu.cn)
Significance of circulating tumor cell detection using the CellSearch system in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2013, 270 (10): 2745- 2749. (sdu.edu.cn)
This is a current review on the circulating tumour cells (CTC) in patients with renal cell carcinoma as a potential diagnostic tool that will allow for more accurate assessment of advanced disease and the monitoring of treatment effects. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC) are a population of cells that have detached from the tumour mass and are able to disseminate via the vascular system and create metastatic foci in the body (1). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Initially, the immune system eliminates the circulating cancer cells from the bloodstream, but over time, the cells remain there for longer periods and become identifiable. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The first published report of circulating tumour cells dates back to 1869 (2). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The circulating cells acquire properties of mesechymal cells, i.e. they are able to function independently. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
demonstrated that 80% of circulating cells of prostate or breast cancer express mesenchymal and epithelial markers (8). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Circulating cancer cells are gradually gaining importance in clinical medicine. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
More recently, other potential blood-based markers are emerging as independent parameters for prediction development and outcome in metastatic disease, including circulating tumor microemboli and circulating tumor materials (CTMat). (amegroups.org)
Stiefel's thesis deals with detecting tumor features based on the automated isolation of circulating tumor cells from liquid biopsies and thus contributes significantly to establishing a platform technology of Fraunhofer IMM in applied research of liquid biopsy. (fraunhofer.de)
The defense of his dissertation on "Automated Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells and their Molecular Biological Analysis" took place on January 30, 2023 at the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz. (fraunhofer.de)
In doing so, CTCelect enabled automated dispensing of single circulating tumor cells from HNSCC patient samples, qPCR-based confirmation of tumor-related biomarkers with a simplified one-step protocol and immunostaining using a panel of tumor markers. (fraunhofer.de)
The presence of high expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM high ) circulating tumor cells (CTC) enumerated by CellSearch ® in blood of cancer patients is strongly associated with poor prognosis. (oncotarget.com)

Liquid biopsy: an emerging prognostic and predictive tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (sdu.edu.cn)
The aim of this thesis was to realize single cell isolation by means of automated immunomagnetic bead enrichment and antibody-based fluorescence detection in a chip-based microfluidic system and the molecular biological characterization of these cells to assay tumor features from liquid biopsy. (fraunhofer.de)

In a prototype enrichment device (IsoMAG), we established an isolation protocol with EpCAM-targeting 1 µm magnetic beads for automated enrichment tested on different epithelial cancer cell lines. (fraunhofer.de)

OBJECTIVE: The effects of intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) on time to tumor recurrence, disease-free survival and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation were assessed to evaluate the safety of IBS. (bvsalud.org)

Currently, detection of breast cancer metastasis relies on clinical manifestations of the spread to distant organs, biopsies of affected organs, radiological evaluations, imaging methods and serum tumor markers ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
6 ) emphasized that the inclusion of serum tumor markers is an important factor in the postoperative monitoring of breast cancer patients ( 7 , 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This method uses either epithelial cell-specific markers which are generally expressed in all tumor cells, or tumor markers expressed by specific types of cancer ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Epithelial cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer of the head and neck: incidence, detection and possible clinical significance[J]. Radiother Oncol, 2001, 59 (2): 213- 217. (sdu.edu.cn)

Because tumour dormancy provides a unique therapeutic window to prevent metastatic disease, we discuss on-going clinical trials and weigh the potential for immunotherapy to eradicate dormant disease. (nature.com)

However, one study has reported that contrary to existing consensus, at least a discrete population of these clusters are non-malignant, and derive instead from the tumor endothelium. (wikipedia.org)
However, the safety of IBS during liver transplantation for patients with HCC is questioned due to fear of disseminating malignant cells. (bvsalud.org)

Detection of rare disseminated tumor cells identifies head and neck cancer patients at risk of treatment failure[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2003, 9 (14): 5287- 5294. (sdu.edu.cn)
In the microfluidic benchtop platform CTCelect, we characterized each process step with two different carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7, SCL-1) demon-strating up to 87 Percent enrichment, 73 percent optical detection and dispensing efficiency. (fraunhofer.de)

This is known as Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) (6). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

The majority of deaths from breast cancer are not due to the primary tumor itself, but are the result of metastasis to other organs in the body ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)

CD4 + T cells contribute to the remodeling of the microenvironment required for sustained tumor regression upon oncogene inactivation. (nature.com)
Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)

Therefore, this work compares manual and automated immunomagnetic enrichment in terms of cell recovery in dependency of cell line and input number, bead characteristics, biofunctionaliza-tion protocol and blood cell contamination focusing on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and metastatic breast cancer. (fraunhofer.de)

Relationship between hematogenous tumor cell dissemination and cellular immunity in DCIS patients. (nature.com)
The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through bloodstream cannot be early detected by standard imaging methods. (amegroups.org)

Goss, P. E. & Chambers, A. F. Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target? (nature.com)
Folkman, J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. (nature.com)

In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Immunological techniques, which are the most widely used methods, employ immunomagnetic isolation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Against this background, the Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems has recognized the unmet need of standardized CTC isolation and developed automated microfluidic platforms to enrich, detect and isolate single tumor cells from 7.5 mL whole blood. (fraunhofer.de)
40 to 56.7 percent of cells were recovered after complete isolation from 7.5 mL untreated whole blood. (fraunhofer.de)
We highlighted the bottlenecks of microfluidic cell isolation in dependency of bead-binding on the cell surface and implemented a gating function for the cytometer subunit to selectively dispense cells instead of autofluorescent objects. (fraunhofer.de)

Persistence of solitary mammary carcinoma cells in a secondary site: a possible contributor to dormancy. (nature.com)

As early as 1869, cells with the morphology of cancer cells had been found by Thomas Ashworth in the blood of a person who died from metastatic cancer ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)

As a result of changes in their adhesion molecules, the cells separate from the primary cell population and gain the ability to migrate independently within the extracellular matrix and, eventually, outside it (7). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The primary cause of tumor-related death in breast cancer (BC) is still represented by distant metastasization. (amegroups.org)
In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Conclusion: By this methodology, cells from mammary carcinoma cell lines can be detected in blood samples. (iiarjournals.org)

Materials and Methods: Blood samples of a healthy donor were mixed with specific numbers of cells from different breast carcinoma cell line cells. (iiarjournals.org)

By contrast, analysis of solid tumors necessitates invasive procedures that might limit patient compliance. (wikipedia.org)

Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (sex, Charlson Comorbidity score, tumor entity). (bvsalud.org)

In this regard, we used blood samples from a healthy donor mixed with different numbers of established breast cancer cells (CAMA-1, MCF7, ZR-75-1) and carried out subsequent gene expression analysis for cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19. (iiarjournals.org)
White blood cell contamination, usually hampering further downstream analysis of enriched tumor cells, was measured by FACS and minimized to about 1200 cells starting from 7.5 mL blood. (fraunhofer.de)
INTRODUCTION: Resection of musculoskeletal tumors and reconstruction with tumor endoprostheses often results in blood loss requiring transfusion of blood products. (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Intraoperative cell salvage while widely used still poses significant risks and hazards due to human error. (bvsalud.org)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

Currently, intensive research is conducted on the importance of CTC in the biology and therapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Otherwise, their morphology, gene expression and genomics are similar to those of other cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? (nature.com)

Klein, G. Foulds' dangerous idea revisited: the multistep development of tumors 40 years later. (nature.com)

Results: Cytokeratin gene expression increased in all samples, when as few as 10 tumour cells were added. (iiarjournals.org)

Anatomy44

Organisms17

Diseases44

Chemicals and Drugs50

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Phenomena and Processes48

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care6

CTCs30

Metastases2

Circulating22

Liquid biopsy2

EpCAM1

Recurrence1

Markers3

Peripheral blood1

Metastatic disease1

Malignant2

Detection2

Mesenchymal1

Metastasis1

Regression2

HNSCC1

Dissemination2

Therapeutic2

Tumours1

Isolation4

Persistence1

18691

Primary3

Mammary carcinoma1

Methods1

Invasive1

Characteristics1

Blood3

Subsequent1

Widely1

Cellular1

Biology1

Types1

Cancer cells2

Development1

Results1