• For all practical purposes in our review we consider carcinosarcomas as only cases where the sarcomatous component was stained negative for epithelial markers, irrespective of the term an author decided to utilize for describing the mixed tumor encountered. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • Although carcinosarcoma is the preferred term for this group of tumors, according to the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGyP)/World Health Organization (WHO) classification, it is also referred to as malignant mixed müllerian tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Uterine carcinosarcomas are generally large, soft, broad-based, and polypoid tumors that expand the uterine cavity and, in some cases, protrude through the cervical os. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection. (cytojournal.com)
  • Mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors are of Mullerian origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • Similar to the majority of G-CSF-producing tumors in the literature, only the epithelial elements of the present case were immunopositive for G-CSF. (nih.gov)
  • While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • Most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin. (cytojournal.com)
  • Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
  • Other rare non-epithelial malignancies that may be encountered in effusion cytology include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and metastatic brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
  • [ 7 ] Tumors with pure sarcomatoid morphology due to overgrowth of the RCC components are classified as SRCC if evidence of epithelial differentiation can be demonstrated through immunohistochemical or ultrastructural analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Type II tumors are usually high-grade and include grade 3 endometrioid carcinomas and tumors with nonendometrioid histology (eg, serous, clear cell, mixed cell, undifferentiated, carcinosarcoma). (msdmanuals.com)
  • We report 23 cases of tumors of the salivary gland comprising 18 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, four cases of carcinosarcoma of the parotid and one case of benign metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma. (ijpmonline.org)
  • We compared levels of transcripts in the ERα-associated "luminal" signature that defines this subtype of tumors in women and transcripts enriched in various mammary epithelial lineages to other well-studied genetically modified murine models of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular alterations of PIK3CA in uterine carcinosarcoma, clear cell, and serous tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • These tumors are subdivided into three main categories: epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and tumor morphology, primary ovarian tumors are subdivided into three categories: epithelial (60%), germ cell (30%), and sex-cord stromal tumors (8%)[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the vast majority of malignant ovarian tumors (80%-85%) are classified as epithelial tumors (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ovarian epithelial tumors are subclassified into several categories based on two criteria: 1) the degree of epithelial proliferation and invasion and 2) the histotype of the epithelium composing the tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Benign epithelial tumors (adenoma and cystadenoma) are characterized by the absence of cell proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These tumors represent 60% of all epithelial tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They represent 30% of all epithelial tumors and 80%-85% of all ovarian cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies have shown that epithelial ovarian cancer is not a single disease but is composed of a diverse group of tumors that can be classified based on distinctive morphologic and molecular genetic features [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcomas) are included in the type II category because their epithelial components are identical to the pure type II carcinomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The LCOHs also include carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the ovary), borderline epithelial tumors (also known as low malignant potential tumors), malignant sex cord-stromal tumors, and malignant germ cell tumors. (nebraska.edu)
  • The LCOHs also include carcinosarcomas (malignant mixed M{\"u}llerian tumors of the ovary), borderline epithelial tumors (also known as low malignant potential tumors), malignant sex cord-stromal tumors, and malignant germ cell tumors. (nebraska.edu)
  • Carcinosarcoma of the uterus is a biphasic neoplasm composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCS) constitute 3-4% of all uterine malignancies and 16% of deaths caused due to uterine neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Materials and Methods: In this study, we included 12 cases diagnosed with uterine carcinosarcomas and examined the changes in oncogenes that play a role in UCS pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Assessing inter-component heterogeneity of biphasic uterine carcinosarcomas. (cdc.gov)
  • This morphology can be attributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that often associates with tumor invasion and metastasis. (por-journal.com)
  • Carcinosarcoma with both a high-grade carcinomatous and sarcomatous component. (medscape.com)
  • SRCCs were originally considered to be carcinosarcomas or to be renal sarcomas in cases in which the sarcomatous component had overgrown all epithelial (carcinomatous) components. (medscape.com)
  • In this cross-sectional study, we performed HER2/neu immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in 37 high-grade EC cases with histological diagnostic categories of PSC (n=23), clear cell carcinoma (CCC) (n=9), and carcinosarcoma with high-grade carcinomatous component (PSC, CCC, grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma, or unclassified high-grade adenocarcinoma) (n=5). (iranpath.org)
  • Carcinosarcoma is unique in that it contains two types of cells: Carcinomatous (epithelial tissue) and sarcomatous (connective tissue). (gcsproject.org)
  • The coexistence of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements within the same tumor is a rare entity, variably labeled as "carcinosarcoma", "metaplastic carcinosarcoma", "sarcomatoid carcinoma", "pseudosarcomatous carcinoma", "carcinoma with mesenchymal stroma", "carcinoma with sarcomatoid change", "spindle cell carcinoma", "pleomorphic anaplastic carcinoma" and "small cell carcinoma"[1]. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • On the contrary in the cases where both the sarcomatous and carcinomatous components are stained positively for epithelial markers the term "sarcomatoid carcinoma" should be addressed[2,3]. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OSC), also known as mixed mesodermal tumor or mixed müllerian tumor, is a rare ovarian tumor, known to be highly aggressive representing less than 2% of ovarian cancers, it is characterized by the association of a carcinomatous component and a sarcomatous component. (scholarena.co)
  • Sarcomatoid carcinoma or carcinosarcoma (CS) is a rare neoplasm of the urinary bladder that is defined by the World Health Organization as a biphasic tumor consisting of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components [1]. (pfeiffertheface.com)
  • The term carcinosarcoma implies a mixed malignant tumor that is composed of an epithelial element, typically the common form of carcinoma seen in the tissue harboring the neoplasm, close to or intermixed with a sarcomatous component. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Thymoma is a neoplasm of thymic epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Importantly, UCS is the prototype tumor for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a reversible biological process that associates with tumor progression and metastasis and in which epithelial cells transform into more invasive mesenchymal cells by losing their epithelial properties [ 10 - 12 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • S100A4/non-muscle myosin II signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in uterine carcinosarcoma. (citologica.org)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) represents a real instance of most cancers related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which displays most cancers stem cell (CSC)-like traits. (citologica.org)
  • Holthoff ER, Spencer H, Kelly T, Post SR, Quick CM. Pathologic Features of Aggressive Vulvar Carcinoma are Associated with an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. (scientificsymposiums.com)
  • Mutational Landscape of Uterine and Ovarian Carcinosarcomas Implicates Histone Genes in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. (scientificsymposiums.com)
  • Mutational landscape implicates epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene TGF-?2 mutations for uterine carcinosarcoma after adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
  • High-grade serous ovarian cancer makes up six out of every ten epithelial cases. (fitnessbossflorida.com)
  • Low-grade serous cancers account for just one in ten epithelial cases. (fitnessbossflorida.com)
  • Surgery is the most effective treatment for low-grade serous epithelial cancers. (fitnessbossflorida.com)
  • Patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary had significantly worse survival compared with most subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (including serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell), and similar to ovarian carcinosarcoma. (bmj.com)
  • The new LCOHs algorithms include clear cell carcinomas, mucinous carcinomas, and grade 1 (low-grade) serous carcinomas/endometrioid epithelial carcinomas. (nebraska.edu)
  • Carcinosarcoma comprises less than 5% of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus . (medscape.com)
  • Most of the cervical epithelial neoplasms and their precursors occur at the squamocolumnar junction or within the transformation zone. (cytojournal.com)
  • Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
  • As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
  • 4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)
  • In general colonic carcinosarcomas constitute a rare category of malignant neoplasms whose nature is still incompletely understood. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary are thought to arise either directly or indirectly from the ovarian surface epithelium according to incessant ovulation theory[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interobserver Reproducibility Among Gynecologic Pathologists in Diagnosing Heterologous Osteosarcomatous Component in Gynecologic Tact Carcinosarcomas. (scientificsymposiums.com)
  • Have you been diagnosed with gynecologic carcinosarcoma (MMMT) and want to seek expert medical advice? (gcsproject.org)
  • Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) has received increasing attention in recent years because it is associated with the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • J Tate Thigpen, John A Blessing, Koen DeGeest, Katherine Y Look, Howard D Homesley, (2004) Cisplatin as initial chemotherapy in ovarian carcinosarcomas: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. (scholarena.co)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy with biphasic growth pattern. (por-journal.com)
  • Synovial sarcomas encompass both biphasic (epithelial and spindle cell components) and monophasic (purely spindle cell) variants. (medscape.com)
  • The common denominator of all carcinosarcomas is the lack of staining of the sarcomatous component for epithelial markers. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • 2011) Ovarian carcinosarcoma: about a case report. (scholarena.co)
  • Shylasree TS, Bryant A, Athavale R (2013) Chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy in combination with surgery for ovarian carcinosarcoma. (scholarena.co)
  • Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OSC) also known as mixed mesodermal tumor or mixed mullerian tumor, is a rare, aggressive, ovarian tumor that accounts for less than 2% of ovarian cancers. (scholarena.co)
  • Tumoral entities include leiomyosarcomas, endometrial stromal sarcomas, carcinosarcomas and "other" sarcomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Carcinosarcomas typically arise within the endometrial cavity. (medscape.com)
  • TCGA Classification of Endometrial Cancer: the Place of Carcinosarcoma. (cdc.gov)
  • We report herein the newly described molecular abnormalities in epithelial ovarian cancers (carcinomas). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It appears that the vast majority of what seem to be primary epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinomas is, in fact, secondary from the fimbria, the most distal part of the fallopian tube. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gynecological Carcinosarcoma (GCS) is a rare and aggressive cancer found primarily in the ovaries and uterus and can also originate in the fallopian tubes and vagina. (gcsproject.org)
  • A retrospective review of 60 patients receiving definitive therapy for carcinosarcoma of the uterus was undertaken at a single institution. (nih.gov)
  • Strikingly, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition markedly reduced cell viability by inducing a dose-dependent G0/1 arrest and led to mesenchymal-epithelial transition as evidenced by morphological change and increased E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. (por-journal.com)
  • Finally, a new class was defined called carcinoma with pleomorphic, sarcomatoid, or sarcomatous elements, which brings together a number of proliferations characterized by a spectrum of epithelial to mesenchymal differentiation. (ersjournals.com)
  • Although a monoclonal origin of carcinosarcomas has generally been proposed, heterologous differentiation from a single clone might lead to the production of G-CSF only in the epithelial element in the present case. (nih.gov)
  • This theory has been confirmed by genetic studies such as analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns, which indicated a clonal origin for both the epithelial and sarcomatoid components of CCRCCs with sarcomatoid differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Prognostic factors and the standard treatment approach for gynaecological carcinosarcomas have not yet been clearly defined. (cumhuriyet.edu.tr)
  • Epithelial architectural grade, stromal grade, type of stromal component (homologous versus heterologous), and predominance of either stromal or epithelial component were not found to be significant prognostic factors. (nih.gov)
  • Carcinosarcomas comprise an admixture of histologically malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components, as depicted in the micrograph below. (medscape.com)
  • Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a highly aggressive tumor that accounts for less than 5% of uterine malignancies [ 1 , 2 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • However, there are rare occurrences of aggressive de novo carcinosarcomas of the parotid that have been reported. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Various cell lineages such as the epithelial glandular cells and the stromal spindle cells are involved. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Carcinosarcomas comprise both malignant epithelial and malignant sarcomatous components. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 19 ] Rare cervical carcinosarcomas manifest as vaginal bleeding, spotting, or an abnormal Papanicolaou test result. (medscape.com)
  • An estimated 16% of carcinosarcomas have a low-grade stromal component. (medscape.com)
  • The nuclear grade of the epithelial component was predictive of local recurrence (P = 0.0592), but epithelial architectural grade, grade of stromal component, and stromal versus epithelial predominance did not provide prognostic information. (nih.gov)
  • The GCS Project is dedicated to finding a cure for Gynecological Carcinosarcoma (aka MMMT), providing current scientifically valid information, and offering a place for the community impacted by this cancer to share stories and hope. (gcsproject.org)
  • The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the setting of uterine carcinosarcoma has not been clearly established. (nih.gov)
  • The cause proved to be a rectal carcinosarcoma that was treated by abdominoperineal resection and postoperative chemo-radiotherapy. (klinikitsekoura.gr)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] An association between long-term tamoxifen treatment and the development of carcinosarcoma has been suggested. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Odontogenic carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare odontogenic malignancy with limited characterization and unexplored molecular features. (bvsalud.org)
  • Integrated Molecular Characterization of Uterine Carcinosarcoma. (cdc.gov)
  • This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of ruxolitinib phosphate when given together with paclitaxel and carboplatin and to see how well they work in treating patients with stage III-IV epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • Giving ruxolitinib phosphate together with paclitaxel and carboplatin may be a better treatment for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer compared to paclitaxel and carboplatin alone. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • I. Determine whether treatment with ruxolitinib phosphate (ruxolitinib) in combination with conventional neoadjuvant and post-surgical chemotherapy is safe and tolerable in the primary therapy for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • Demonstrate whether treatment with ruxolitinib in combination with conventional neoadjuvant and post-surgical chemotherapy results in a prolonged progression-free survival when compared to chemotherapy alone, in primary therapy for epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • Demonstrate whether treatment with ruxolitinib in combination with conventional chemotherapy results in an improvement in overall survival in primary management of epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. (uchicagomedicine.org)
  • When cancerous, nine out of ten arise from the cell that line the ovaries and fallopian tubes - known as epithelial ovarian cancer. (fitnessbossflorida.com)
  • The patient's past medical history included a diagnosis of thyroid carcinosarcoma with a right thyroid lobectomy performed in June 2013 (6 months previously), as well as a diagnosis of prostate cancer, which was treated with prostatectomy and orchiectomy in May 2010 (3 years previously), and diabetes treated with insulin from August 2010 (2 years prior to admission). (docksci.com)
  • The age-specific incidence of ovarian epithelial cancer rises from the age of 20 to 80 and subsequently declines[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is based on the combination of cytoreductive surgery and combination chemotherapy using taxane and platinum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have long been investigated but still poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Non-epithelial ovarian cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. (cancercentrum.se)
  • The relative risk of local recurrence of unirradiated patients versus irradiated patients was 17.54 (P = 0.0055) after adjusting for nuclear grade of the epithelial component. (nih.gov)
  • It is suggested that G-CSF was associated with the high-grade transformation of the epithelial elements, as well as the reported phenomenon of conventional HCC producing G-CSF. (nih.gov)
  • To assess activity (PFS, ORR and OS) of XL184 and nivolumab in patients progressed after previous exposure to anti PD-1, PD-L1 or PD-L2 agents or crossed-over from single agent nivolumab, and in patients with diagnosis of carcinosarcoma. (ucsd.edu)
  • Both epithelial and mesenchymal components of carcinosarcoma show high-grade malignant cells. (medscape.com)
  • Rare type of cancerous (malignant) tumor made up of both epithelial cells (cells that make up the inner lining of hollow organs and glands in the body) and stromal cells (cells that make up the connective tissues that surround and support various organs in the body) [1]. (scholarena.co)
  • The epithelial cells and these other stromal tissues of the thymus influence the selection and maturation of the T lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • The lymphocytes' selection process and developmental progression are influenced by direct contact between the TCR-CD3 complex on the thymocyte and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-antigen complex on thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • HER2/neu IHC staining was positive in 12 patients (32.4%) including 8/23 (34.8%) PSC, 2/9 (22.2%) CCC, and 2/5 (40%) carcinosarcoma cases. (iranpath.org)
  • To our knowledge, only 7 cases of colonic carcinosarcomas have been reported in the English literature, and this case is the 8th. (klinikitsekoura.gr)