• To highlight when episiotomy can be useful in preventing anal sphincter injury in primiparous women. (ipmj.org)
  • Selective episiotomy was found to be more useful than routine episiotomy in preventing anal sphincter injury (the incidence of anal sphincter injury was 2% for those in whom episiotomy was performed selectively, while it is 8% for those with routine episiotomy and 7% for those delivered without episiotomy), and the difference is statistically significant (P value 0.045). (ipmj.org)
  • Selective episiotomy is more useful intervention than routine episiotomy in protecting the anal sphincter when delivering a primiparous lady. (ipmj.org)
  • Whether Selective or Routine Episiotomy is More Useful to Protect Anal Sphincter in Primiparous Women', Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal , 11(1), pp. 26-32. (ipmj.org)
  • Episiotomies are used in an effort to prevent soft-tissue tearing (perineal tear) which may involve the anal sphincter and rectum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stedenfeldt M, Pirhonen J, Blix E, Wilsgaard T, Vonen B, Øian P. Episiotomy characteristics and risk for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study . (helsekompetanse.no)
  • A comparison between women with episiotomy only and women with episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury. (helsekompetanse.no)
  • Low risk pregnancy, episiotomy, low-risk pregnancy and Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury. (pjmhsonline.com)
  • One group had disruption of the anal sphincter with vaginal delivery, the second group had an episiotomy without disruption of the anal sphincter, and the third group delivered by cesarean. (medscape.com)
  • Midline episiotomies tend to promote anal tears, and mediolateral episiotomies appear to offer some protection against anal injury in instrumental vaginal deliveries. (hencigoer.com)
  • In one variation, the midline episiotomy, the line of incision is central over the anus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors were unable to find quality studies that compared mediolateral versus midline episiotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note: In the U.S. and Canada, the usual type of episiotomy is a cut straight towards the anus [ median or midline episiotomy] whereas in most of the rest of the world, the cut is angled off to the side [ mediolateral episiotomy]. (hencigoer.com)
  • The present clinical randomized trial was performed to compare maternal and perinatal outcomes in women submitted to a non-episiotomy protocol versus one of selective episiotomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After signing the consent form, 241 women were randomized to a non-episiotomy protocol (the experimental group) or to a selective episiotomy group (the control group). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis include 115 women assigned to a non-episiotomy protocol and 122 to selective episiotomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the remaining 237, 115 were assigned to a non-episiotomy protocol and 122 to selective episiotomy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2009, a Cochrane meta-analysis based on studies with over 5,000 women concluded that: "Restrictive episiotomy policies appear to have a number of benefits compared to policies based on routine episiotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first group, women who were subjected to routine mediolateral episiotomy, while the second group of the participants were delivered without doing episiotomy, and the third group, a mediolateral episiotomy was done selectively to them when we found it is necessary (selective episiotomy). (ipmj.org)
  • Some childbirth facilities have a policy of routine episiotomy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite all the evidence corroborating the selective use of episiotomy and although routine use of the procedure is contraindicated, there are no evidences corroborating if episiotomy is necessary in any circumstance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite all the evidence corroborating the selective use of episiotomy and although routine use of the procedure is contraindicated, the actual indications for episiotomy in modern obstetric practice still remain to be clarified [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Goer suggests using upright positions for pushing, following the patient's natural urges to push, and elimination of routine episiotomies to decrease the damage to the pelvic floor. (ukessays.com)
  • The intervention involved a single application of an ice pack applied for 20 min to the perineal area of women who reported perineal pain ≥3 by use of a numeric rating scale (0-10), with intact perineum, 1st or 2nd degree lacerations or episiotomy, between 6 and 24 h after spontaneous vaginal birth. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • First-time mothers cared for by midwives were also more likely to have a " physiologic birth ," defined as spontaneous onset of labor, no rupturing the membranes, no IV oxytocin, no epidural, spontaneous vaginal birth, and no episiotomy (9% vs. 3%), although rates were extremely low in both groups considering that this was an ultra-low-risk population. (hencigoer.com)
  • In one "study of primiparous women twenty-six percent had incontinence at six months postpartum, the rate being lowest with elective cesarean (five percent), higher with cesarean during labour (twelve percent), higher still following a spontaneous vaginal birth (twenty-two percent) and highest following a vaginal forceps delivery (thirty-three percent)" (Hannah, 2004, p. 813). (ukessays.com)
  • The UK national cohort study and two other cohorts in China and Nepal found less oxytocin augmentation, more spontaneous vaginal deliveries, fewer caesarean sections and fewer episiotomies performed in OMBUs than in standard obstetric units. (bmj.com)
  • Anal incontinence, urinary incontinence and sexual problems in primiparous women. (helsekompetanse.no)
  • PARTICIPANTS: The study included 120 women who were primiparous and pregnant: 40 in the control group and 80 in the experimental groups (virtual glasses and skin to skin contact). (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: Immediately post intervention, the women in the experimental groups had significantly decreased anxiety and pain during episiotomy repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: At the time of delivery, this technique will be applied to all women with episiotomy or perineal or vaginal tears. (bvsalud.org)
  • The perineal tear risk-factors are young mothers (teenagers OR = 5.6, 21-25 years OR = 4.3), primiparous women (OR = 12.6), gestational age less than 32 weeks OR = 0.175), received antenatal care (OR = 0.42), correspondingly. (pjmhsonline.com)
  • The impact of Aloe vera and Calendula on perineal healing after episiotomy in primiparous women: A randomized clinical trial. (pantheonapothecary.co.nz)
  • Ice pack is effective for alleviating postpartum perineal pain in primiparous women while multiparous women's levels of perineal pain appear to be poorly explored. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • However, the number of women with bothersome flatus incontinence was higher in the sphincter disruption group (58%) compared with 30% of the episiotomy group and 15% of the cesarean group. (medscape.com)
  • Research has shown that natural tears typically are less severe (although this is perhaps not surprising since an episiotomy is designed for when natural tearing will cause significant risks or trauma). (wikipedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate surgical glue compared to the polyglactin 910 suture in repairing first- and second-degree perineal tears and episiotomy in vaginal births. (bvsalud.org)
  • The likelihood of perineal tears in the adolescent group was significantly higher than that in the adult group on assuming episiotomies done would have been tears if they had not been carried out (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.16-1.82). (nih.gov)
  • The episiotomy rate was similar (two cases in each group, about 1.7%), as was the duration of the second stage of labor, the frequency of perineal tears, severe perineal trauma, need for perineal suturing and blood loss at delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by a midwife or obstetrician. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incision, which can be done from the posterior midline of the vulva straight toward the anus or at an angle to the right or left (medio-lateral episiotomy), is performed under local anesthetic (pudendal anesthesia), and is sutured after delivery. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are four main types of episiotomy: Medio-lateral: The incision is made downward and outward from the midpoint of the fourchette either to the right or left. (wikipedia.org)
  • These were also predictors of perinatal death, as well as being a single mother, primiparous, and multiple gestations. (nih.gov)
  • In general, median episiotomy is associated with less blood loss and is easier to perform and repair than the mediolateral procedure [21]. (dirtyharryholster.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Virtual glasses are more effective than skin to skin contact and control methods in decreasing pain and reducing anxiety during episiotomy repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Though indications on the need for episiotomy vary and may even be controversial (see discussion below), where the technique is applied, there are two main variations. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the study, was selected one pregnant woman, primiparous, between 20 and 35 years, normoglycemic and normotensive, which was evaluated for flexibility by the Wells' bench, and strength of the pelvic floor muscles through the bi-digital test. (oatext.com)
  • While episiotomy is employed to obviate issues such as post-partum pain, incontinence, and sexual dysfunction, some studies suggest that episiotomy surgery itself can cause all of these problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends an episiotomy rate of 10% as " a good goal to pursue " [ 3 ], based on the previous results of a randomized clinical trial conducted in the United Kingdom and published in 1984 [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adolescent deliveries however required significantly twice as many episiotomies (OR 2.15 95% CI 1.59-2.90). (nih.gov)
  • We did not find warts pregnancy common higher risk in our study for either cervical or perineal lacerations or for perineal rupture of 3rd and 4th degrees, but episiotomies were more common in the teenage group. (malaimare.ro)
  • BACKGROUND: In the literature, the efficacy of virtual glasses on acute pain and anxiety has been investigated, and no study has been found on its effect on pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: This study is done to assess the effectiveness of Mostafa Maged technique in suturing the episiotomy. (bvsalud.org)
  • AIMS: To determine the efficacy of virtual glasses application in pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, virtual glasses may reduce the need for pharmacological medication due to this reduction in pain and anxiety during episiotomy repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three hundred term primiparous ladies at time of their delivery with cephalic presentation were collected and subdivided into 3 equal groups randomly. (ipmj.org)
  • No episiotomies were to be performed in the experimental group except under exceptional circumstances. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the control group, selective episiotomies were to be performed in accordance with the healthcare professionals' clinical judgement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A non-episiotomy protocol appears to be safe for mother and child, and highlights the need to investigate whether there is, in fact, any indication for this procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), " based on the existent evidence, there are no specific situation in which episiotomy is essential, and the decision to perform an episiotomy should be based on clinical considerations " [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The episiotomy frequency for the total of 1st and 2nd degree, and 3rd and 4th degree (OASI) were 16.3%, 25%, and 1.5%, correspondingly. (pjmhsonline.com)
  • There is an urgent need to train the gynae staff and doctors in proper selection for episiotomy and better perineal care in order to improve obstetric services in the Gynecology department. (pjmhsonline.com)