Epigenetic cell living human derivation of stem cells from cloned human embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
This gives them the ability to create patient specific pluripotent cells, which could then be used in therapies or disease research. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
Using our recently established haploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we generated a genome-wide loss-of-function library targeting 18,166 protein-coding genes to define the essential genes in hPSCs. (nature.com)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
In mouse, only epiblast cells can be directly converted into cultured pluripotent embryonic stem cells, capable of forming all adult cell types. (bioone.org)
He became and received tenure as a group leader and head of the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell core facility at the Helmholtz Center in Munich in 2012 and 2018. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Launch Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), possess variations within their capability to differentiate1. (tam-receptor.com)

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

Derivation and differentiation of haploid human embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
The ICOC has approved a very well-balanced portfolio of research proposals, including those aimed at understanding stem cell differentiation and identifying new ways of obtaining hESCs, and many that target specific diseases," Hall said. (ca.gov)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)

It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)
Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. (frontiersin.org)
We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
The blastocyst comprises the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to the three primary germ layers and consequently the fetus, and the trophectoderm (TE), which gives rise to the extraembryonic and placental tissue. (conditionmed.org)
Compared to vehicle controls, 2i conditions increased the abundance of cumulus cells in bovine IVF cultures, which compromised blastocyst formation. (bioone.org)
Following cumulus removal, 2i accelerated blastocyst development and increased inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cell numbers by 30% and 27%, respectively. (bioone.org)

This variability is certainly caused by hereditary and TGX-221 inhibition epigenetic distinctions that occur during derivation, induction, and following maintenance of PSCs2,3. (tam-receptor.com)

The technique consists of taking an denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. (wikipedia.org)
Generation of genetically modified mice by oocyte injection of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)

Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)
Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)

Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
With these new grants, California is continuing on the path of turning the hope and promise of stem cell research into the reality of therapies and cures for millions of Californians and people across the globe. (ca.gov)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
In vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were cultured in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide or inhibitors of MAP2K (0.4 μM PD0325901) and GSK3 (3 μM CHIR99021) from the zygote (Day 1) stage. (bioone.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique for cloning in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we identify 2232 genome-wide putative SEs in mouse cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), 147 of which target genes establishing CNCC positional identity during face formation. (bvsalud.org)
Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)

2023) Living in the Plastic Age . (fraunhofer.de)

this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)
Shortly afterwards, the original experimental protocol was replicated and optimized by several laboratories, confirming that iPSCs share the gene expression profile, epigenetic modifications, and proliferation rates as well as the pluripotency of ESCs [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The 29-member Independent Citizens Oversight Committee (ICOC), governing board of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), today approved 29 Comprehensive Research Grants for approximately $74.6 million over four years, to accomplished stem cell investigators at academic and non-profit research centers throughout the state. (ca.gov)
Although this technology holds the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and regenerative medicine, important technical issues associated with the derivation of iPSCs still hinder its clinical translation. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, our study showed that the epithelium of OM contains NCSCs that can be isolated and expanded with clinical-grade reagents to supply the demand for multipotent cells required for clinical applications in regenerative medicine. (bvsalud.org)
Prof. Dr. Micha Drukker is a professor of Stem Cell Biology, Models and Regenerative medicine at the Division of Drug Discovery & Safety. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Such invasive methods, however, may be inadequate for medical applications in regenerative medicine because of inevitable damage or loss of observed cells. (tam-receptor.com)

In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques (named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua) from foetal nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)

Micha's interest lies in discovering mechanisms that regulate the formation of the embryonic tissues using iPS cells, in order to create novel models for human disease and drug development with emphasis on neurodegeneration. (universiteitleiden.nl)

Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)

There are a number of California institutions that have strong programs in adult and other stem cells, for example, that are just beginning to build embryonic stem cell capabilities. (ca.gov)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)

Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone growth plate abnormalities and skull shape defects are seen in hypophosphatasia, a heritable disorder in humans that occurs due to the deficiency of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP, Alpl) enzyme activity. (bvsalud.org)
In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)

Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. (wikipedia.org)
Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)

Overall, we have constructed an atlas of essential and growth-restricting genes in hPSCs, revealing key aspects of cellular essentiality and providing a reference for future studies on human pluripotency. (nature.com)
We explore the recently described metabolic surge event that occurs as pluripotency is lost and stem cells commit to differentiate. (conditionmed.org)
Hence, the PD imaging program may be used for testing of live PSCs with possibly high pluripotency ahead of more strenuous quality control procedures. (tam-receptor.com)
For instance, PSCs with low pluripotency may generate a people of somatic cells that might be polluted with undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells, which present a risk of tumor formation or low effectiveness after transplantation4,5. (tam-receptor.com)
Consequently, selection of PSCs with high pluripotency is essential to ensure the security and effectiveness of PSC-derived cells. (tam-receptor.com)
Such demanding methods for quality control are expensive and time-consuming, necessitating development of fast and inexpensive screening of live PSCs with high pluripotency prior to the demanding quality control methods. (tam-receptor.com)
Traditionally, selection of live PSCs with high pluripotency utilizes imaging methods that require fluorescent labeling of cells by immunostaining or gene transfection6,7. (tam-receptor.com)

Single-cell profiling of transcriptome and histone modifications with EpiDamID. (axonmedchem.com)

The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
The lab focuses on multifaceted regulation by transcription and epigenetic factors, lncRNAs, membraneless organelles, mechanisms of self-renewal, and extensively uses organoid technology, single cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and CRISPR-Cas9 genetic engineering approaches. (universiteitleiden.nl)

Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)

In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)
Wutz, A. Haploid mouse embryonic stem cells: rapid genetic screening and germline transmission. (nature.com)
Genetic modification and screening in rat using haploid embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)

A potential use of stem cells genetically matched to a patient would be to create cell lines that have genes linked to a patient's particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
hPSC-enriched essential genes mainly encode transcription factors and proteins related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair, revealing that a quarter of the nuclear factors are essential for normal growth. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Analysis of cell-essential genes. (nature.com)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
An additional nine genes were identified in tammar that do not have an orthologous miRNA target in human and likely represent novel miRNA-regulated genes in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)

We report in this study on the isolation and expansion of neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) from the epithelium of oral mucosa (OM) using reagents that are GMP-certified and FDA-approved for clinical use. (bvsalud.org)

However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the lab is banking stem cells from exotic and endangered species of animals for evo-devo projects and de-extinction purposes. (universiteitleiden.nl)

Characterization analysis showed that the levels of keratins K2, K6C, K4, K13, K31, and K15-specific to OM epithelial cells-were significantly lower in the experimental NCSCs. (bvsalud.org)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)

Cell Stem Cell 19 , 569-572 (2016). (nature.com)

The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
However, it is only in the last decade that we have finally come to understand their underlying mechanisms of action in gonadotroph cells. (bioone.org)

Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)

We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)

Drukker M.E. (18 November 2022), Cell pharmacy (Inaugural address. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Matheus F., Raveh T., Oro A.E., Wernig M. & Drukker M.E. (2022), Is hypoimmunogenic stem cell therapy safe in times of pandemics? (universiteitleiden.nl)

Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Micha's lab collaborates closely within the science faculty on stem cell organoid models for drug research, toxicity, replacement of animal models, and with the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) on stem cell immunology and manufacturing (GMP) of iPSCs for clinical purposes. (universiteitleiden.nl)
As a result, reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs is normally along with a metabolic change from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, concomitant with Mouse monoclonal to GST adjustments in function and framework of mitochondria16,17. (tam-receptor.com)

Leeb, M. & Wutz, A. Derivation of haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. (nature.com)
Forward and reverse genetics through derivation of haploid mouse embryonic stem cells. (nature.com)

After the somatic cell transfers, the cytoplasmic factors affect the nucleus to become a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)

Only a handful of the labs in the world are currently using SCNT techniques in human stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
And he also agrees that if we don't find global agreement on human cloning, "we can probably expect dire consequences for the future of biomedical research and its impact on society at large. (lifeissues.net)
As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
LOS ANGELES, March 16, 2007 - Just a month after approving nearly $45 million for embryonic stem cell research, California's stem cell agency authorized another $75.7 million in additional funds for established scientists at 12 non-profit and academic institutions. (ca.gov)
The California spirit - the perseverance, creativity and resourcefulness that has made us a leader on everything from gold mining in the 19th Century to fighting global warming in this one - is fully present in our stem cell research teams. (ca.gov)
As of today, California is the largest and most stable source of funding for human embryonic stem cell research in the world," Klein said. (ca.gov)
These grants provide substantial support to a pool of very distinguished researchers in human embryonic stem cell research," declared Zach W. Hall, Ph.D., CIRM's President and Chief Scientific Officer. (ca.gov)
Combined with our training and SEED grants, the CIRM is now funding embryonic stem cell research in more than 100 California laboratories. (ca.gov)
We focused our initial grants on human embryonic stem cells specifically," Klein said, "because human embryonic stem cell research receives minimal funding from the federal government, and even those funds are restricted to lines of questionable value. (ca.gov)
Going forward, we will support a diverse range of stem cell research projects. (ca.gov)
International bi-monthly journal of cell signaling, tissue protection, and translational research. (conditionmed.org)

Development of new ways of deriving hESCs and investigating the special capabilities of newly-derived human cell lines. (ca.gov)
Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)

These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)

The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)

In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
however, the level of telomerase activity is low or absent in the majority of stem cells regardless of their proliferative capacity. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)

Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice. (nature.com)

Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)

Sagi, I. & Benvenisty, N. Haploidy in humans: an evolutionary and developmental perspective. (nature.com)

GCNA is a histone binding protein required for spermatogonial stem cell maintenance. (axonmedchem.com)

After being inserted into the egg, the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed by its host egg cell. (wikipedia.org)

In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy59

Organisms12

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment70

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities10

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care5

Pluripotent15

Developmental biology2

Differentiation6

Therapeutic4

Blastocyst10

Inhibition1

Oocyte4

Blastomeres2

Therapies4

Vitro3

Somatic cell is transferred1

Genome3

20231

ESCs3

Regenerative5

Nuclei2

Embryonic tissues1

Tissues1

Adult2

Abnormalities3

Mammalian1

Reproductive2

Pluripotency7

Modifications1

Regulation3

Chromosome1

University of Califo1

Genetic4

Genes6

Isolation1

Species3

Epithelial2

20161

Mechanisms3

Populations1

Transcription1

20222

IPSCs3

Mouse2

Transfers2

Transplantation1

Research12

Development3

Organism2

Genetically1

Replicative2

Telomerase5

Mice1

Procedure1

Evolutionary1

Binding protein1

Nucleus1

Donors1