• This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been validated as a therapeutic target in several human tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of EGFR and small molecule inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase domain of the receptor have been evaluated in the treatment of several solid tumours including CRC, NSCLC and HNSCC [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In NSCLC, approximately 85% of patients who responded favourably to gefitinib or erlotinib, two FDA-approved small-molecule EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, were shown to have somatic mutations in the EGFR gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In parallel, molecular docking studies were also performed to investigate the interaction of the compounds with a duplex DNA sequence and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (bvsalud.org)
  • HER-2 (ErbB2) is a 185-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase with extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (touchoncology.com)
  • The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in never-smokers has been the most relevant finding ever in non-small cell lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Similarly, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors have limited activity in a variety of tumor types with EGFR overexpression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Mechanisms of pathway activation other than mutation have been discovered in recent years, and include overexpression mediated by gene amplification or by amplification of a dinucleotide repeat in the EGFR promoter, mutation of an extracellular region on EGFR generating a mutant protein termed EGFRvIII, and enhanced signaling due to heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR family, particularly overexpression of HER2/HER3. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The extent to which these paths to EGFR activation will confer sensitivity to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors or to EGFR monoclonal antibodies is being explored. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), including gefitinib and erlotinib, have become the standard first-line therapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) harboring activating EGFR mutations ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Given the multi-domain architecture of Ln5, it seems conceivable that other receptors in addition to integrins interact with one of its many potential ligand sites to mediate its diverse cellular functions, including activation of EGFR signaling. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • EGFR is a key mediator of oncogenesis in NSCLCs, with its activation inducing tumor proliferation and growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and inhibiting apoptosis ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. (nih.gov)
  • The EGFR proteins are receptor tyr kinases (RTKs) containing an extracellular EGF-related ligand-binding region, a transmembrane helix, and a cytoplasmic region with a tyr kinase domain and a regulatory C-terminal tail. (umbc.edu)
  • Unlike other tyr kinases, phosphorylation of the activation loop of EGFR proteins is not critical to their activation. (umbc.edu)
  • EGFR subfamily members are involved in signaling pathways leading to a broad range of cellular responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, growth inhibition, and apoptosis. (umbc.edu)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) continues to be implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) carcinogenesis. (ecolowood.com)
  • The HER Alosetron family is comprised of four unique receptors: EGFR (also known as HER1 or ErbB-1) HER2 (ErbB-2 Neu) HER3 (ErbB-3) and HER4 (ErbB-4). (ecolowood.com)
  • They may be created as transmembrane precursors and could become subdivided into three organizations according with their affinity for just one or even more HER receptors: the 1st group includes ligands that bind specifically to EGFR (e.g. (ecolowood.com)
  • Three major intracellular signaling pathways linked to EGFR activation have been identified: the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 K)/Akt pathway and the Janus-kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak2/STAT3) pathway. (ecolowood.com)
  • Once activated these pathways contribute to the development of a malignant cellular phenotype including resistance to apoptosis increased proliferation invasion metastasis and stimulation of angiogenesis (Figure 1).1 Figure 1 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation during HNSCC carcinogenic process. (ecolowood.com)
  • The ErbB/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of four family members: the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1), HER2 (ErbB2/Neu), HER3 (ErbB3), and HER4 (ErbB4). (plos.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants play an important role in NSCLC progression. (jcancer.org)
  • In this thesis, we use multiple approaches to characterize the C-terminal tails of EGFR and HER3, and show that they are intrinsically disordered regions of these receptors. (wustl.edu)
  • We also developed a strategy that has been employed to site-specifically fluorophore-label the EGFR kinase domain, and would serve as a biological probe to directly measure EGFR kinase domain dimerization on lipid surfaces. (wustl.edu)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) commonly targeted for inhibition by anti-cancer therapeutics. (biorxiv.org)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a HER-family receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is involved in cell signaling in healthy tissue. (biorxiv.org)
  • To mediate these processes, the extracellular ligand binding region of EGFR senses environmental cues via interactions with one of its 7 known ligands, of which epidermal growth factor (EGF) is the most well characterized ( 2 , 3 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Ligand binding promotes EGFR oligomerization mediated by the extracellular region. (biorxiv.org)
  • Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib (GEF) have been reported to induce the apoptosis of several cancer cell lines, in the present study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of GEF are further enhanced under amino acid starvation (AAS) culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although a number of studies have shown that patients with activating mutations in exons 18-21 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene respond particularly well to gefitinib and erlotinib, a prospective, randomised study was needed to differentiate between the prognostic and predictive value of EGFR mutations. (ersjournals.com)
  • This review considers the current evidence linking biomarker profile to efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical implications of recent findings. (ersjournals.com)
  • In NSCLC, activation of the EGFR/HER1 pathway results in a signalling cascade that promotes tumour growth and progression 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • HER2 does not have any identified ligand an undeniable fact explained from the structure from the extracellular area from the receptor which is already in an activated conformation and does not allow ligand docking. (ecolowood.com)
  • The HER2 receptor does not bind to any known ligands, however, its dimerization arm is innately positioned in an open conformation. (plos.org)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor and its three orthologues, HER2, HER3 and HER4 have been the subject of intensive basic, clinical and translational research due to their involvement in cancers. (wustl.edu)
  • In addition to the formation of preformed dimers, it is well established that ligand engagement leads to receptor dimerization in all family members, except HER2. (wustl.edu)
  • Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), also known as ErbB2, is a type I membrane glycoprotein and belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor family. (whdsbio.cn)
  • HER2 itself has no ligand binding domain and therefore cannot bind growth factors, but it binds tightly with other ligand binding epidermal growth factor receptor family members to form a heterodimer, which stabilizes ligand binding and enhances kinase-mediated downstream signals Pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. (whdsbio.cn)
  • HER2 plays an important role in the regulation of development, cancer, neuromuscular signaling and cell growth and differentiation. (whdsbio.cn)
  • Amount 1 Sequence position for the receptors: HER1 HER2 and dEGFr. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Because ErbB3 contains a defective kinase domain, the kinase domain of ErbB2 is responsible for initiating the tyrosine phosphorylation signal through the heterodimeric receptor. (rndsystems.com)
  • Following dimerization there is increased intracellular kinase activity of the receptor through a proximity effect resulting in phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic domain which then triggers the signal transduction cascade. (ecolowood.com)
  • This process leads to the activation of each receptors' tyrosine kinase and the subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues located on their C-terminal tails. (plos.org)
  • This structural model is critical for activation of the receiver kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail. (wustl.edu)
  • However, we could not detect any phosphorylation of RIPK-1 and mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL), as well as any necrosome formation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • Human ErbB3 consists of 1342 amino acids (aa) with a 19 aa signal sequence, a 624 aa extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane region, and a 678 aa cytoplasmic domain. (rndsystems.com)
  • Its structure consists of an extracellular ligand-binding website a Alosetron single transmembrane hydrophobic helix and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal website to which tyrosine kinase activity is definitely limited.1 HER receptors are usually located in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells where they can interact with their ligands present in the stroma thus mediating signaling between the epithelium and the extra-cellular matrix. (ecolowood.com)
  • Our lab has recently developed a new strategy to regulate RTK activity by designing a peptide that specifically binds to the transmembrane (TM) region of the RTK to allosterically modify kinase activity. (biorxiv.org)
  • Signaling is then transduced across the membrane by altering the configuration of the transmembrane (TM) domain, by dimerization of the TM helical region or a change in the arrangement of the TM helices within such a dimer. (biorxiv.org)
  • Each of them share very similar structural features: an ECD a transmembrane domains and a kinase domains found at the inside from the cell. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • The mechanism of host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 involves the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) with receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein (S). The main protease (Mpro/3CLpro) is an attractive drug target due to its vital function in regulation of polyprotein translated from viral RNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
  • Protein tyrosine kinases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate from ATP to tyrosine residues in polypeptides. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This mechanistically rational antigen selection sequence, effective even for unvaccinated donors, regardless of HLA-haplotype, enables rapid identification of tumor protein regions relevant for cancer immunology, including adoptive immunotherapy, vaccines, and even identification of tumor neo-antigens unique to each patient. (ndltd.org)
  • This membrane-bound protein has a neuregulin binding domain but not an active kinase domain. (nih.gov)
  • Catalytic domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
  • The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)
  • High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is overexpressed and reported to be a prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (jcancer.org)
  • 70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The presence of necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK‑1), but not that of Z-VAD-fmk, attenuated the cytotoxic effects of GEF under AAS culture conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor. (wikigenes.org)
  • We are primarily using cytomegaloviruses to examine how the pathogens alter signaling pathways directed by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to facilitate robust replication in tissues important for host-host dissemination. (uc.edu)
  • Human cytomegalovirus G protein-coupled receptor US28 promotes latency by attenuating c-fos. (uc.edu)
  • Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein may be detected in most cases (60-70%) of systemic ALCL by immunohistochemistry. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to binding to the insulin receptor, IRS1 also binds to and transmits signals from the receptors of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), insulin like growth factor (IGF1), and integrins ( Vuori and Ruoslathi , 1994 Vuori K and Ruoslahti E (1994) Association of insulin receptor substrate-1 with integrins. (scielo.br)
  • These receptors are targets of many small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies used in cancer therapy. (umbc.edu)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of ErbB3 also contains six consensus binding motifs for the SH2 domain of the regulatory p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase, PI3K) as well as one proline-rich consensus binding motif for the SH3 domain of p85. (rndsystems.com)
  • Metz HE and Houghton AM (2011) Insulin receptor substrate regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (scielo.br)
  • While it has been recognised for some time that overexpression of HER-2 is a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, it was the advent of trastuzumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of HER-2, that has allowed clinicians to better understand the natural history of HER-2-positive metastatic breast cancer. (touchoncology.com)
  • Gain of function alterations, through their overexpression, deletions, or point mutations in their kinase domains, have been implicated in various cancers. (umbc.edu)
  • This family of RTKs has been highly implicated in the formation and progression of various cancers via aberrant overexpression, kinase activation, and mutation [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • 77 IL-8 acts through chemokine receptors 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and 2) and is involved in promoting angiogenesis through overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Overexpression of receptors in breast cancer is closely related to disease recurrence and poor prognosis. (whdsbio.cn)
  • From the four receptors within human beings three TMPA (HER HER3 and HER4) are recognized to type homo-dimers. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • HER3 contains an impaired kinase domain and depends on its heterodimerization partner for activation. (umbc.edu)
  • Once the ligand binds to the extracellular domain the receptor undergoes a conformational change of this region which allows homodimerization or heterodimerization with another activated receptor of the HER family. (ecolowood.com)
  • Typically, heterodimerization with ErbB2 forms the high affinity receptor complex. (bio-techne.com)
  • When patients whose tumors bear the sensitizing mutations are treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib or erlotinib, we witness response rates and durations never before reported, including complete responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. (scielo.br)
  • 2005) Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor are associated with improved survival in gefitinib-treated chemorefractory lung adenocarcinomas. (scielo.br)
  • The ligands to HER receptors (also known as epidermal growth factor [EGF] family of growth factors) are characterized by the presence of an EGF-like website (composed of three disulfide-bonded intramolecular organizations which confer binding specificity) and extra structural motifs (such as for example immunoglobulin-like domains heparin-binding sites and glycosilation sites). (ecolowood.com)
  • Classically, HER family members function from the cell surface, where binding to cognate ligands can induce receptor homo- or hetero-dimerization with other HER family receptors [3] . (plos.org)
  • ErbB4 ligands include the neuregulins, beta-cellulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF). (bio-techne.com)
  • Ecdysone binds to the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR), which heterodimerizes with Ultraspiracle (USP), an ortholog of the vertebrate Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). (sdbonline.org)
  • The ligand-bound TM configuration promotes asymmetric dimerization of the intracellular juxta-membrane (JM) and kinase domains, which causes autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine residues ( 6 , 7 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • It really is known that activation takes place by dimerization induced by binding of EGF towards the extracellular part of the receptor and that it's mediated with a dimerization arm within domains II.38 40 Nevertheless the complete mechanism where the receptor dimerizes isn't clearly understood. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • We propose that the resulting disruption of native TM interactions disrupts the conformation of the kinase domain, inhibiting EGFR's ability to send migratory cell signals. (biorxiv.org)
  • Nuclear localized HER family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been observed in primary tumor specimens and cancer cell lines for nearly two decades. (plos.org)
  • While the classical membrane-bound functions of HER family RTKs have been extensively studied, accumulating data suggest that these receptors can be found in the cell's nucleus where they can function as co-transcriptional activators [4] , [5] . (plos.org)
  • ErbB3 heterodimerizes with ErbB2 to form a high affinity receptor complex. (rndsystems.com)
  • CDK8 can directly interact with Mad in vitro through the linker region between the DNA-binding MH1 (Mad homology 1) domain and the carboxy terminal MH2 (Mad homology 2) transactivation domain. (sdbonline.org)
  • Phosphorylated tyrosine residues recruit various intracellular adaptor and effector molecules that result in the propagation of growth promoting signal transduction cascades [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • However, it does form heterodimers with other EGF receptor family members which do have kinase activity. (nih.gov)
  • Monomeric ErbB3 serves as a low affinity receptor for the heregulins (HRG). (rndsystems.com)
  • Latest X-ray structural focus on the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) has suggested an asymmetric dimer that rationalizes binding affinity measurements that return back decades (Alvarado et al. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • The IRS proteins (IRS1-4) are the family of adaptors regulating metabolic and mitogenic signaling pathways ( Hanke and Mann , 2009 Hanke S and Mann M (2009) The phosphotyrosine interactome of the insulin receptor family and its substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. (scielo.br)
  • Membrane-bound HER receptors activate numerous tumor promoting signaling cascades via this mechanism, including the PI3K/AKT, Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk, PLCγ/PKC, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • It has been found that a discrete three amino acid signal in the ErbB3 cytoplasmic domain is critical for transactivation of ErbB2. (rndsystems.com)
  • Upon binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR), IRS1 is phosphorylated at several YXXM motifs creating docking sites for the binding of PI3Kp85, which activates AKT kinase. (scielo.br)
  • Metz H, Busch SE, Hanke ML, Kargl J, Kim KH and Houghton M (2014) Insulin receptor substrate-1 regulates immune cell content in lung adenocarcinoma. (scielo.br)
  • Following insulin binding, the insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylates itself and creates docking sites for IRS proteins. (scielo.br)
  • Sesti G, Federici M, Hribal ML, Lauro D, Sbraccia P and Lauro R (2001) Defects of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) system in human metabolic disorders. (scielo.br)
  • Ma Z, Gibson SL, Byrne MA, Zhang J, White MF and Shaw LM (2006) Suppression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) promotes mammary tumor metastasis. (scielo.br)
  • However, despite growing biological and clinical significance, little is known about the structural arrangement of this receptor or any of its family members. (uci.edu)
  • Brand TM, Iida M, Luthar N, Wleklinski MJ, Starr MM, Wheeler DL (2013) Mapping C-Terminal Transactivation Domains of the Nuclear HER Family Receptor Tyrosine Kinase HER3. (plos.org)
  • This domain occurred 368 times on human genes ( 846 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • 4083. The ED 50 for this effect is 1.5-6 µg/mL in the presence of 10 ng/mL of Recombinant Human NRG1‑ beta 1/HRG1‑ beta 1 Extracellular Domain (Catalog # 377-HB ). (bio-techne.com)
  • Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)
  • Clinically relevant improvements in survival have been attained by administering targeted therapy to the appropriate patient population: for example, the addition of trastuzumab to standard first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer 3 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Isolation of Salivary Epithelial Cells from Human Salivary Glands for In Vitro Growth as Salispheres or Monolayers. (uc.edu)
  • 75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Further analysis of two overlapping deficiency lines and mutant alleles led to identification of genetic interactions between the CDK8-CycC pair and the components of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp, the Drosophila homolog of TGFβ, or Transforming Growth Factor-β) signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
  • It was observed that CDK8-CycC positively regulates transcription activated by Mad (Mothers against dpp) , the primary transcription factor downstream of the Dpp/TGFβ signaling pathway . (sdbonline.org)
  • 0.0001 and p=0.0048, for CD4+ and CD8+ Ag-specific T-cells, respectively, compared to T-cells directed against peptides from non-hot spot regions). (ndltd.org)
  • Hot spot" peptide Ag-specific T-cells preferentially recognized endogenous tumor derived MUC1, either in MUC1 expressing tumor cell killing assays (p=0.038, compared to non-peptide Ag-specific T-cells) or as MUC1 tumor lysate when pulsed onto restimulatory PBMC (p=0.022 and 0.025, for CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, respectively, compared to T-cells directed against peptides from non-hot spot regions). (ndltd.org)
  • Next, nine HER3-CTD truncation mutants were constructed to map minimal regions of transactivation potential using the Gal4 UAS-luciferase based system. (plos.org)
  • In the past decade, it has been shown that their intracellular domains dimerize in an asymmetric fashion where the C-lobe of the donor kinase interacts extensively with the Nlobe of the receiver kinase. (wustl.edu)
  • However, the regions of each receptor that confer transcriptional potential remain poorly defined. (plos.org)
  • The DEC-205 monomer forms a compact structure comprising two intercalated rings of C-type lectin-like domains, where the N-terminal cysteine-rich and fibronectin domains reside at the central intersection. (uci.edu)
  • Amount 2 Epidermal development factor receptor being a monomer. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Next, we identified full-length nuclear HER3 association and regulation of a 122 bp region of the cyclin D1 promoter. (plos.org)
  • The IRS proteins function as adaptors and transmit signals from multiple receptors. (scielo.br)
  • There are several proposed mechanisms for resistance, including increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling caused by increased AR expression, gene amplification, gene transcription, and tumor growth. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • We sequenced the coding regions surrounding YXXM motifs of IRS1 using tumor samples of 42 NSCLC patients and 40 matching controls and found heterozygote p.S668T mutation in nine of 42 samples and four of nine also had the p.D674H mutation. (scielo.br)
  • 2 There is only limited knowledge of the factors that predict for the development of CNS metastasis, but the main ones reported include young age, African ethnicity, oestrogen receptor (OR)-negativity, HER 2 -positivity, high tumour grade and BRCA 1 phenotype. (touchoncology.com)
  • In line with this, we wanted determine whether the IRS1 gene was mutated in the coding regions surrounding YXXM motifs. (scielo.br)