AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
MalariaMalaria, FalciparumMalaria, VivaxMalaria, CerebralEpidemiologyMalaria VaccinesPlasmodium falciparumMolecular EpidemiologyAntimalarialsPlasmodiumAnophelesParasitemiaPlasmodium vivaxMosquito ControlInsect VectorsMalaria, AvianProtozoan ProteinsKenyaPlasmodium bergheiIncidenceAntigens, ProtozoanPregnancy Complications, ParasiticEndemic DiseasesTravelChloroquinePrevalencePyrimethamineAfricaSeasonsTanzaniaSulfadoxineInsecticidesFluorenesDrug CombinationsAntibodies, ProtozoanCulicidaeMaliGhanaMicroscopyAnopheles gambiaeBedding and LinensInsecticide-Treated BednetsInfant, NewbornQuininePlasmodium malariaePrimaquinePlasmodium yoeliiInsect Bites and StingsRisk FactorsDrug ResistanceMefloquineParasitologyPlasmodium chabaudiDisease VectorsDisease OutbreaksSenegalPapua New GuineaSporozoitesMozambiqueErythrocytesThailandUgandaDisease EradicationPopulation SurveillanceDNA, ProtozoanMosquito NetsCameroonBurkina FasoGabonRural PopulationHost-Parasite InteractionsTopography, MedicalGambiaSEER ProgramAnemiaAmodiaquineSesquiterpenesDiagnostic Tests, RoutineGeographyRainPolymerase Chain ReactionEthanolaminesMalawiBloodEpidemiologic MethodsAfrica South of the SaharaAge DistributionMerozoite Surface Protein 1Plasmodium ovaleCommunicable Disease ControlUnited StatesFeverParasite LoadGenotypeSudanBeninNigeriaIndiaPlacenta DiseasesPyrethrins
PlasmodiumPrevalenceClinicalParasitesGenomic epidemiologyPresident's Malaria InitiativeInfectionParasiteIncidenceIncreased malaria casesFalciparum malariaAfricaTransmissionBurden of malariaDepartment of EpidemiologyLaboratoryEndemic countriesHumans2018VectorMosquitoesSurveillance2022DengueGreater Mekong SuGenomeEliminationMolecular epidemiologySpread of malariaImpact of malariaInterventionsDiagnosisBurkina FasoGlobal malariaPrevent malariaPrevious malariaControlPreventionPreventiveInfectious DiseasesMalnutrition2002ParasitaemiaAntimalarialAnophelesApproximately 500SpeciesVectorsToxoplasmosisEpidemiologicalDiseaseEndemicityDescriptiveSeverePopulationsInfectionsDeforestation
Plasmodium16
Prevalence4
  • Malaria prevalence varied from 1.4 % in Guba (Ethiopia) to 9.9 % in Butemba (Uganda). (malariaconsortium.org)
  • The prevalence of malaria, its distribution in the city and the fractions of fevers attributable to malaria in the health facilities have not been previously investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I'm afraid that without a bit more detail in the question, it is difficult to answer - there are many facets to the epidemiology of malaria, from the distribution of the disease globally to its prevalence in different age and risk groups among human populations. (malaria.com)
  • In one year, the districts will be revisited to assess whether greater access to bed nets has changed malaria prevalence in the area, as well as to assess the condition and use of bed nets distributed during the 2013 campaign. (cdc.gov)
Clinical14
  • Among people living in malarious areas, semi-immunity to malaria allows donors to have parasitemia without any fever or other clinical manifestations. (medscape.com)
  • It has been suggested average temperature during the study peri- that the clinical course of malaria is likely to od were 431.6 mm and 30 °C respectively. (who.int)
  • Sequence variations in the genes encoding dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase and clinical response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. (ajtmh.org)
  • According to national statistics, approximately 240,000 malaria cases (both clinical cases and laboratory confirmed cases) were reported by health facilities in the whole of Abidjan in 2001. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr Richard Maude's work combines clinical studies, descriptive epidemiology and mathematical modelling of malaria in South and Southeast Asia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We reviewed clinical features, outcomes, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in invasive NTS infections among children aged 6 weeks to 5 years participating in malaria vaccine studies in an area of high malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in Siaya, western Kenya. (nih.gov)
  • Malaria causes about 500 million clinical attacks each year, and over a million deaths, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. (icvolunteers.org)
  • OBJECTIVES To assess the proportion of children with febrile disease who suffer from malaria and to identify clinical signs and symptoms that predict malaria during low and high transmission seasons. (bmj.com)
  • STUDY DESIGN 2490 children aged 2 to 59 months presenting to a health centre in rural Ethiopia with fever had their history documented and the following investigations: clinical examination, diagnosis, haemoglobin measurement, and a blood smear for malaria parasites. (bmj.com)
  • Clinical findings were related to the presence of malaria parasitaemia. (bmj.com)
  • CONCLUSION Better clinical definitions are possible for low malaria settings when microscopic examination cannot be done. (bmj.com)
  • Fever, sweating, and chills (or, in some cases, merely fever) triggered by the release of plasmodia into the bloodstream from mature blood schizonts, are the most common symptoms heralding the onset of a clinical case of uncomplicated falciparum malaria (see Chapter 6 for a description of the evolution of clinical symptoms). (nationalacademies.org)
  • Dr. Boyce's research focuses on the spatial and clinical epidemiology of malaria and other vector-borne diseases, particularly in rural, underserved communities. (unc.edu)
  • The collaboration includes investigators from diverse fields including clinical medicine, epidemiology, immunology, entomology, geography, and veterinary science with partners at North Carolina State University, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the NC Division of Public Health, and Fort Bragg. (unc.edu)
Parasites7
  • She is also interested in cell-to-cell communication in malaria parasites to alter population behaviour. (edu.au)
  • Both pregnancy-specific immunological responses and malaria-specific interactions, such as sequestration of parasites in the placenta, might contribute to this susceptibility. (glowm.com)
  • response primed by repeated previous malaria infections-the number of parasites will increase with every 2-day cycle of reproduction. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Here, we review the arrival of genetic screens in malaria parasites to analyse parasite gene function at a genome-scale and their impact on understanding parasite biology. (portlandpress.com)
  • CRISPR/Cas9 screens, which have revolutionised human and model organism research, have not yet been implemented in malaria parasites due to the need for more complex CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting vector libraries. (portlandpress.com)
  • We therefore introduce the reader to CRISPR-based screens in the related apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii and discuss how these approaches could be adapted to develop CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-scale genetic screens in malaria parasites. (portlandpress.com)
  • Members of the phylum Apicomplexa are unicellular parasites that cause many important livestock and human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis [ 1 , 2 ]. (portlandpress.com)
Genomic epidemiology4
  • Multiplexed PCR amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) is an increasingly popular application for cost-effective monitoring of threatened species and managed wildlife populations, and shows strong potential for the genomic epidemiology of infectious disease. (nih.gov)
  • Finally, we describe an R package (paneljudge) that facilitates the design and comparative evaluation of genetic panels for relatedness estimation, and we provide general guidance on the design and implementation of AmpSeq panels for the genomic epidemiology of infectious disease. (nih.gov)
  • Genomic epidemiology is underpinned by the disciplines of evolutionary genetics, ecology, microbiology, parasitology, immunology, genomics and epidemiology to solve the pressing public health problems of our time. (edu.au)
  • Malaria Genomic Epidemiology Network. (wikipedia.org)
President's Malaria Initiative3
  • The burden of malaria has decreased dramatically within the past several years in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, following the scale-up of interventions supported by the Roll Back Malaria Partnership, the President's Malaria Initiative and other partners. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Since 2007, the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) has supported the Mozambican Ministry of Health and the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) in efforts to reduce the burden of malaria in the country, not only through distribution of bed nets, but other key components as well: indoor residual spraying, diagnostic testing and treatment with effective antimalarials, and intermittent preventive therapy for pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
  • President's Malaria Initiative, Washington DC, USA. (bvsalud.org)
Infection16
  • This study aimed to compare the epidemiology of Rick- ettsia felis infection and malaria in France, North Africa, and Investigations examining the etiologic spectrum of fever of unknown origin in Africa rapidly progressed during sub-Saharan Africa and to identify a common vector. (cdc.gov)
  • This study demonstrates a correlation between brile illness, including Rickettsia felis ( 4-6 ), Coxiella bur- malaria and R. felis infection regarding geographic distribu- netii ( 7 ), Tropheryma whipplei ( 3 ), and Borrelia spp. (cdc.gov)
  • R. felis infection should be suspected in these geo- national aid work, and the deployment of troops overseas graphical areas where malaria is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • June 2000 to determine the rate of new largest permanent irrigation scheme in cases of malaria parasite infection. (who.int)
  • Travel to rural areas within the last three months was frequent (31% of all respondents) and associated with a malaria infection (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.25-2.45). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we use quantitative PCR to investigate fine-scale environmental and host predictors of malaria infection status and parasitaemia in a large 4-year data set from a well-characterized population of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). (glos.ac.uk)
  • Malaria infection within the past 2 weeks occurred in 18.8% (3/16) of invasive NTS episodes in HIV-infected and 66.2% (53/80) in HIV-uninfected children. (nih.gov)
  • 1 Pregnant women are more susceptible to the effects of malaria infection. (glowm.com)
  • 9 Malaria is the most important parasitic infection of humans and a scourge for millennia, but the burden of malaria infection in pregnancy and the detrimental effects on the health of mothers and their infants were not described in detail until early in the 20th century. (glowm.com)
  • Malaria infection remains a potential health threat to U.S. service members located in or near endemic areas due to duty assignment, participation in contingency operations, or personal travel. (health.mil)
  • Malaria infection causes acute incapacitation. (health.mil)
  • The aims of treatment are to prevent death or long-term deficits from malaria, to cut short the morbidity of an acute episode of illness, and to clear the infection entirely so that it does not recur. (nationalacademies.org)
  • For their study, researchers at institutions in Brazil and the U.S. attempted to find patterns between deforestation and malaria infection in nine states in the Brazilian Amazon. (mongabay.com)
  • They then compared these deforestation patches to local rates of malaria infection recorded between 2009 and 2015. (mongabay.com)
  • Patients with malaria typically become symptomatic a few weeks after infection, though the symptomatology and incubation period may vary, depending on host factors and the causative species. (medscape.com)
  • The data set comprises essential data such as malaria infection status, anthropometric assessments of maternal nutritional status , presence of anaemia and birth weight , as well as additional variables such gestational age at delivery for a subset of women . (bvsalud.org)
Parasite12
  • Knowledge of the life cycle of the malarial parasite is essential to understanding the chemotherapy of malaria. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, in areas where malaria malaria parasite species, and has been transmission is seasonal and unstable, the shown to be 75.0% and 9.6% resistant to disease burden is confined to a wide age chloroquine and quinine respectively [ 11 ]. (who.int)
  • Each of the four assessments provided an overview of the urbanization history, an estimate of the fractions of malaria-attributable fevers, parasite rates for different areas, an outline of health care services, and highlights of the "lessons learned" from the survey. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malaria epidemiology focuses on two main challenges to malaria elimination: antimalarial drug resistance and the movement of people that are spreading the malaria parasite. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Travel surveys and cellphone records, combined with population parasite genetics help predict the spread of malaria and of drug resistance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Malaria is caused by a parasite that enters blood through the bite of an infected mosquito. (medindia.net)
  • The International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) in Southern Africa aims to better understand the underlying malaria epidemiology, vector ecology and parasite genomics using three contrasting settings of malaria transmission in Zambia and Zimbabwe: an area of successful malaria control, an area of resurgent malaria and an area where interventions have not been effective. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Overall, these findings highlight the ecological complexity of avian malaria infections in natural populations, while providing valuable insight into the fundamental biology of this system that will increase its utility as a model host-parasite system. (glos.ac.uk)
  • However, this ambitious, but laudable, goal faces a daunting array of challenges and requires integrated strategies tailored to the region, which should be based on a mechanistic understanding of the human, parasite, and vector factors sustaining continued malaria transmission along international borders. (intechopen.com)
  • Border malaria accounts for continued malaria transmission and represents sources of parasite introduction through porous borders by highly mobile human populations. (intechopen.com)
  • Asymptomatic infections constitute huge parasite reservoir requiring interventions in time and place to pave the way for malaria elimination. (intechopen.com)
  • The parasite P falciparum is responsible for the deadliest form of malaria and is most prevalent in Africa. (health.mil)
Incidence7
  • The worldwide decrease in malaria incidence did not yet result in a decrease of travel-related cases reported in the EU/EEA. (europa.eu)
  • Incidence of invasive NTS disease was high in this area of high malaria and HIV transmission, especially in HIV-infected children. (nih.gov)
  • Since 1999, the MSMR has published regular updates on malaria incidence among U.S. service members. (health.mil)
  • 1-3 This year's update employs methods similar to previous analyses describing the epidemiologic patterns of malaria incidence among service members in the active and reserve components of the U.S. Armed Forces. (health.mil)
  • In keeping with the changes in travel patterns and immigration, the major metropolitan city of Calgary has seen a dramatic rise in malaria incidence over the last decade. (plos.org)
  • The researchers didn't find statistically significant correlations between small areas (less than 0.1 square kilometers) of deforestation and malaria incidence, which they say is because there wasn't enough human presence to aid mosquito reproduction. (mongabay.com)
  • Nonetheless, the overall likelihood of such an event is low based on the rarity and decreasing trend of imported malaria incidence. (who.int)
Increased malaria cases1
  • There was no evidence of increased malaria cases despite reported increased mosquito biting but a district-wide and nationwide decline in malaria trends. (academicjournals.org)
Falciparum malaria2
  • P falciparum malaria poses a high risk of serious sequelae including death. (health.mil)
  • The finding that P falciparum malaria was diagnosed in more than half of cases in 2022 underscores the need for continued emphasis on effective preventive measures against this most dangerous malaria strain. (health.mil)
Africa10
  • Most malaria acquired in Africa is due to P falciparum . (medscape.com)
  • US President George W. Bush on Wednesday signed legislation tripling funds to fight the killer diseases of AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis in the world's poorest countries, mainly in Africa. (medindia.net)
  • Malaria, meanwhile, kills more than a million people each year, 90 percent of them in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). (medindia.net)
  • mSpray: a mobile phone technology to improve malaria control efforts and monitor human exposure to malaria control pesticides in Limpopo, South Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • The Southern Africa ICEMR will capitalize on the opportunity to investigate the complexities of malaria transmission while adapting to intervention and establish the evidence-base to guide effective and sustainable malaria intervention strategies. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Malaria is seasonal in South Africa, where the highest risk of malaria transmission occurs in the wet summer months (September to May). (co.tz)
  • Important progress has been made in recent years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, with the introduction of strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy consisting primarily of administration of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with an antimalarial drug and the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets. (glowm.com)
  • Malaria cases were diagnosed or reported from 19 different medical facilities-15 in the U.S. and 1 each from Germany, Africa, South Korea, and Japan. (health.mil)
  • BACKGROUND: Young children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly those from resource-limited settings, are heavily burdened by anemia and malaria. (kemri-wellcome.org)
  • Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative, a pooled birth cohort of 13 pregnancy studies in Africa and the Western Pacific. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission12
  • Transmission and intensity of malaria in this area is perennial and moderate rather than low. (who.int)
  • From genomic data we have created genotyping methods to study variation in neutral markers, drug resistance markers, and antigen encoding loci to answer questions about malaria transmission across the globe. (edu.au)
  • This raises more questions as what other factors may have been contributing to the reduction in malaria transmission and to what extent. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy medications to children aged 3 to 59 months during the which administers therapeutic doses of antimalarial period of high malaria transmission, to prevent them from *Corresponding author. (who.int)
  • Only female mosquitoes are associated with malaria transmission. (co.tz)
  • Male mosquitoes DO NOT blood feed and play no role in the malaria transmission cycle. (co.tz)
  • And for the NMCP, it is important to document how increased bed net ownership and use made possible by campaigns affect malaria transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 125 million pregnancies occur every year in countries with ongoing malaria transmission. (glowm.com)
  • Annually, 80 to 90 million people from malaria non-endemic countries visit developing countries with high malaria transmission rates [3] . (plos.org)
  • Patient-to-patient transmission of nosocomial malaria in Italy. (bmj.com)
  • Likely in this condition, vector proliferation, presence of a small human population and small number of domestic animals that could represent additional source of blood for mosquitoes, are not stable and in sufficient number to sustain a large [mosquito] population and malaria transmission," lead author Leonardo Suveges Moreira Chaves told Mongabay. (mongabay.com)
  • With the presence of Anopheles vectors in Singapore, imported cases of drug-resistant malaria could cause secondary transmission. (who.int)
Burden of malaria1
  • Furthermore, while interventions have greatly reduced the burden of malaria in many countries, it is also recognized that the malaria decline pre-dated widespread intervention efforts, at least in some cases where data are available. (johnshopkins.edu)
Department of Epidemiology1
Laboratory5
  • We analysed water bodies as sources of mosquito larvae (vegetable gardens, sewerage maturation ponds and foot paths) and, weather factors for possible effects on mosquito densities, species distribution and reviewed laboratory confirmed malaria cases and interventions implemented in the previous five years from 2009. (academicjournals.org)
  • To address these questions, I developed an evaluation protocol, in collaboration with Geraldo Chambe, a resident in the Mozambique Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP), a CDC training program that builds in-country capacity in the areas of epidemiology and laboratory skills. (cdc.gov)
  • Calgary's consolidated laboratory testing for malaria enables population-based analysis of trends in imported malaria [16] . (plos.org)
  • A goal of this plan is the integration of laboratory science and epidemiology to develop and use tools to detect and promptly identify emerging and re-emerging pathogens, and investigate factors that influence their emergence. (bio.net)
  • The British Committee for Standards in Haematology revised its Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria, intended for use in the United Kingdom but also potentially applicable to other nonendemic areas. (medscape.com)
Endemic countries4
  • genomics to improve the surveillance and control of malaria in endemic countries is a key focus of our research. (edu.au)
  • Community-based malaria control with integrated primary health care appears to be the most feasible approach for endemic countries in their struggle against malaria. (unicam.it)
  • With the continuous expansion and diversification of intercontinental travel, occurrences of malaria within the non-endemic countries is becoming more evident [4] , [5] . (plos.org)
  • Past studies have suggested that immigrants originating from malaria endemic countries returning to their countries to visit their friends and relatives (VFR) have higher risk of acquiring malaria in comparison to other travellers [10] - [12] . (plos.org)
Humans1
  • Use of cell phone technology could increase the efficiency of IRS malaria control efforts by mapping spray events in relation to malaria cases, resulting in more judicious use of chemicals that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. (cdc.gov)
20185
  • Arnaud Fontanet (Institut Pasteur, CNAM) who holds the chair of Public Health at the Collège de France (2018-2019) explains the major issues of epidemiology. (pasteur.fr)
  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1828 children aged 3 to 59 months from November 7 to 18, 2018 in eight health regions of Burkina Faso where SMC was implemented with Malaria Consortium supported fund. (who.int)
  • global malaria burden (WHO, 2018). (who.int)
  • Geneva, World Health Organization, 2017 ( http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/artemisinin-resistance-april2017/en/ , accessed 30 April 2018). (who.int)
  • Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012 ( http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/HSE_GAR_ARO_2012_1/en/ , accessed 30 April 2018). (who.int)
Vector5
  • human and environmental, created suitable micro-habitats that increased densities of the Culex mosquito but not malaria vector species within urban and peri-urban settings. (academicjournals.org)
  • Vector bionomics in the epidemiology and control of malaria / prepared by A. R. Zahar. (who.int)
  • Human migration and movement can also play a large role in the epidemiology of malaria, as can mosquito vector behaviour and population dynamics. (malaria.com)
  • Malaria vector mosquitoes generally bite between dusk and dawn. (co.tz)
  • More locally, Dr. Boyce leads a multi-disciplinary research collaboration, the Vector-Borne Disease Epidemiology, Ecology, and Response (VEER) Hub, focused on issues of tick- and mosquito-borne diseases endemic to North Carolina. (unc.edu)
Mosquitoes2
  • The researchers think this may have something to do with habitat preferences of larval Nyssorhynchus darlingi mosquitoes, which are the primary malaria vectors in the regions they studied. (mongabay.com)
  • The authors also write that forest fragmentation may help malaria-carrying mosquitoes spread to other areas after they metamorphose into adults. (mongabay.com)
Surveillance3
  • An intensified surveillance, monitoring and evaluation measure is vital to understanding malaria situation and delivering effective malaria interventions in different epidemiological settings. (academicjournals.org)
  • Close coordination with all groups and agencies involved is crucial to malaria surveillance and elimination strategies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In Canada, approximately 500 malaria cases are reported each year although no formal surveillance system is in place [6] . (plos.org)
20222
  • In 2022, a total of 30 active and reserve component service members were diagnosed with or reported to have malaria, a 42.9% increase from the 21 cases identified in 2021. (health.mil)
  • Title: Malaria action plan for the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2022-2030 / World Health Organization. (who.int)
Dengue2
  • Anavaj Sakuntabhai (Thai: อนวัช ศกุนตาภัย) is a researcher specialising in human genetics of infectious diseases, notably malaria and dengue. (wikipedia.org)
  • His recent research has shown that both gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions play a significant role in susceptibility to malaria and dengue. (wikipedia.org)
Greater Mekong Su1
  • Malaria is a significant public health problem and impediment to socioeconomic development in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which comprises Cambodia, China's Yunnan Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. (intechopen.com)
Genome1
  • For several years, he was a principal investigator of one of the four consortial projects of the MalariaGEN consortium, a global community of researchers working together to integrate epidemiology with genome science financed by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (wikipedia.org)
Elimination1
  • Driven by increasing political commitment, motivated by recent achievements in malaria control, and urged by the imminent threat of emerging artemisinin resistance, the GMS countries have endorsed a regional malaria elimination plan with a goal of eliminating malaria by 2030. (intechopen.com)
Molecular epidemiology1
Spread of malaria2
  • A study published recently adds evidence to the argument that deforestation aids the spread of malaria. (mongabay.com)
  • Now, a study published recently in Nature's open-access journal Scientific Reports , adds to the hypothesis that deforestation aids the spread of malaria in the Amazon. (mongabay.com)
Impact of malaria1
  • Due to the complex and often overlapping contributors to anemia, it remains challenging to isolate the true impact of malaria on population level hemoglobin concentrations. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Interventions4
  • Scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. (malariaconsortium.org)
  • Malaria epidemiology seems to be changing compared to earlier published data, and it is essential to have more data to understand how much of the changes are attributable to interventions and other factors. (malariaconsortium.org)
  • Four Mozambican epidemiologists-in-training spent a month walking up to ten kilometers a day to make sure that one of the most effective malaria control interventions was reaching the poorest Mozambicans. (cdc.gov)
  • It demonstrates the essential role of epidemiology in monitoring the health of population, detecting health problems among specific populations, evaluating public health programs and interventions & responding pro-actively to public health problems. (edu.au)
Diagnosis1
  • Once the diagnosis of malaria is confirmed, treatment should be started urgently, as a delay may be associated with disease progression and complications. (bmj.com)
Burkina Faso3
Global malaria1
  • In the mid 20th century, in an attempt to suppress the spreading of malaria, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Global Malaria Eradication campaign [1] . (plos.org)
Prevent malaria3
Previous malaria1
  • fever with a previous malaria attack or pallor or splenomegaly had sensitivities of 80% and 69% and specificities of 65% and 81% in high and low risk settings, respectively. (bmj.com)
Control8
  • In the 1950s, the World Health Organization launched an ambitious plan to control or eradicate malaria. (medscape.com)
  • Malaria is also known to vary widely based on climatic conditions, and there are concerns that climate change will affect what we know about the epidemiology of malaria, making it harder to control. (malaria.com)
  • However, current reporting systems do not obtain precise location of IRS events in relation to malaria cases, which poses challenges for effective and efficient malaria control. (cdc.gov)
  • Key approaches to attain this goal for the region will include close collaboration with national malaria control programs and contribution to capacity building at the individual, institutional and national levels. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Malaria is the leading cause of death in Mozambique, and insecticide-treated bed nets are one of the key malaria control measures. (cdc.gov)
  • 7 However, malaria continues to exact a huge toll on pregnant women and their newborns, 8 as the effectiveness of control strategies is hampered by limitations in their implementation, with coverage still far below the target of universal access. (glowm.com)
  • These can potentially be an important tool that, in combination with the current tools, would maximize protection and thereby control the deleterious effects of malaria in pregnancy on the health of mothers and children. (glowm.com)
  • Over the past decade, intensified malaria control has greatly reduced the regional malaria burden. (intechopen.com)
Prevention1
  • The occurrence is often related to the VFR traveller's tendency to underestimate the risk of contracting malaria, and thereby not adhering to or seeking advice on prevention measures [13] . (plos.org)
Preventive1
Infectious Diseases2
  • EA is an associate editor of Malaria Journal, an academic editor for PLOS Medicine, and is on the Lancet Infectious Diseases International Advisory Board. (bmj.com)
  • EA is on the council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases and was paid by Pfizer to chair a grants committee on antimicrobial stewardship (unrelated to malaria). (bmj.com)
Malnutrition1
  • The Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative has pooled together 13 studies with the hope of improving understanding of malaria - nutrition interactions during pregnancy and to foster collaboration between nutritionists and malariologists. (bvsalud.org)
20021
  • A health facility-based survey and health care system evaluation was carried out in a peripheral municipality of Abidjan (Yopougon) during the rainy season of 2002, applying a standardized Rapid Urban Malaria Appraisal (RUMA) methodology. (biomedcentral.com)
Parasitaemia1
  • The RUMA included: a literature review, the collection of health statistics, a school parasitaemia survey, a health facility survey, malaria risk mapping and a brief review of the health care system. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimalarial1
  • The WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) generates innovative resources and reliable evidence to inform the malaria community on the factors affecting the efficacy of antimalarial medicines. (malaria.com)
Anopheles2
Approximately 5001
  • Malaria accounts for 10% of Africa's total of Sudan approximately 500 km east of disease burden [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Species2
Vectors1
  • For malaria - one of the leading causes of death in tropical regions - there has been some evidence that the mosquitos that transmit it (called "vectors") breed more readily in places where forest has been cleared. (mongabay.com)
Toxoplasmosis1
  • For example, some other studies suggested links between EMF and certain infections, such toxoplasmosis, malaria, and filariasis (please see below). (medscape.com)
Epidemiological1
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of imported malaria among returning travellers and incoming immigrants to Calgary, Canada, between the years 2000 and 2011. (plos.org)
Disease4
  • Almost half the world's population lives in countries where the disease is endemic, and almost every country in the world encounters imported malaria . (medscape.com)
  • Because of plasmodial and mosquito resistance to drugs and insecticides, the danger of malaria has worsened, and the disease is now a major global problem. (medscape.com)
  • Routine health statistics are not fully reliable to assess the burden of disease, and the low level of the fractions of malaria-attributable fevers indicated substantial over-treatment of malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The MSMR 's focus on malaria reflects both historical lessons about this mosquito-borne disease and its continuing threat to military operations and service members' health. (health.mil)
Endemicity2
  • Rapid urbanization has changed malaria epidemiology in Abidjan and endemicity was found to be moderate in Yopougon. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patterns of immigration to countries like Canada have changed such that countries of malaria endemicity are frequented in larger numbers. (plos.org)
Descriptive1
  • 3. Descriptive epidemiology - Number of people infected or affected today (number of deaths, if applicable) - should also use graphs and tables (Use descriptive epidemiology concepts) - at least one is required - What populations are more at-risk and why? (dollarsforhomework.com)
Severe3
  • The records in the paediatric department of the CHU of Yopougon from January, 1998 to December, 2001 showed that 57.2% of children diagnosed as severe malaria had anaemia, and 55% of them took antimalarials before being admitted to the hospital [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Severe malaria ranked first as the cause of their respective population (general and under 5 years old). (who.int)
  • Current treatment protocols for uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria are given in Tables 9-1 and 9-2 . (nationalacademies.org)
Populations2
  • Malaria is a devastating global health concern as its high morbidity and mortality pose threats to many populations around the world. (plos.org)
  • To keep malaria from becoming an even bigger threat, the authors call for better monitoring of mosquito populations, land planning, and income generation schemes for forest-dwelling communities. (mongabay.com)
Infections2
  • Today, it has been estimated that there are 216 million malaria related cases of infections, and 655,000 deaths a year [2] . (plos.org)
  • In other words, these medium-size deforested patches seem to be the sweet spot where forest extraction activities correlate to more malaria infections. (mongabay.com)
Deforestation2
  • Researchers compared deforestation patterns to malaria rates in nine states in the Brazilian Amazon. (mongabay.com)
  • Deforestation creates more forest edges, which are favorite breeding grounds for the mosquitos that transmit malaria. (mongabay.com)