• The first evidence of human infection with TBE virus was reported during an investigation of the etiology of the 1927-1928 dengue epidemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika: Improved diagnostics for Zika virus infection in South America through an established laboratory partnership between Brazil, Colombia and the UK. (ukri.org)
  • On November 28, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported the state's first case of local mosquito-borne Zika virus infection in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Defective viral genome (DVG) is a truncated version of the full-length virus genome identified in most RNA viruses during infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the biological features of alterations in amounts and species of coronavirus DVGs under different infection environments may assist the coronavirus to adapt to the altered environments for virus fitness and may contribute to the coronavirus pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The body's immune responses to the Zika and dengue viruses are so similar that it is very difficult to differentiate a recent Zika infection from a historical dengue infection. (tulane.edu)
  • The study offers evidence that plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT), the historical gold standard for serological diagnosis of a viral infection, can differentiate between Zika and dengue infections if the appropriate interpretation criteria are used, according to Matthew Ward, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Tropical Medicine and first author on the paper. (tulane.edu)
  • If a child develops encephalitis during the weeks to months following CD-JEV vaccination and anti-JE virus IgM (JE IgM) antibody is detected in serum, the question arises if this is JE virus infection indicating vaccine failure, or persistent JE IgM antibody postvaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Musso D, Ko AI, Baud D. Zika Virus Infection - After the Pandemic. (rjppd.org)
  • Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Zika Virus Infection in the Nervous System. (rjppd.org)
  • A review on Zika virus outbreak, epidemiology, transmission and infection dynamics. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer, 442-448. (rjppd.org)
  • Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities. (rjppd.org)
  • Virus and antibody dynamics in acute West Nile virus infection. (rjppd.org)
  • Increased surveillance of the virus, including the requirement for laboratory confirmation of infection, was recommended. (who.int)
  • Laboratory testing is a critical component of surveillance for ZIKV infection due to co-circulation of DENV and CHIKV that cause similar symptoms. (who.int)
  • The meetings provided up-to-date information on the current situation and agreed on a set of actions for the countries to undertake to enhance their preparedness and response capacities to Zika virus infection and its complications. (who.int)
  • In humans, symptoms of arbovirus infection generally occur 3-15 days after exposure to the virus and last three or four days. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incubation period - the time between when infection occurs and when symptoms appear - varies from virus to virus, but is usually limited between 2 and 15 days for arboviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transmission between the vector and the host occurs when the vector feeds on the blood of the vertebrate, wherein the virus that has established an infection in the salivary glands of the vector comes into contact with the host's blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pregnant women who reside in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission have an ongoing risk for infection throughout their pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • Health care providers should discuss reproductive life plans, including pregnancy intention and timing, with women of reproductive age in the context of the potential risks associated with Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Evidence suggesting an association of Zika virus infection with an increased risk for congenital microcephaly and other abnormalities of the brain and eye ( 5 ) prompted the World Health Organization to declare the Zika virus outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016 ( http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/ external icon ). (cdc.gov)
  • There is currently no vaccine or medication to prevent Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is associated with altered T cell responses. (mdpi.com)
  • The cases were later confirmed as Marburg virus infection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the National Public Health Laboratory, Tanzania. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Marburg virus infection often results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus bat colonies. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In 2016, a total of 1,297 pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection were reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry from 44 states. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately one in 10 pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection resulted in a fetus or infant with Zika virus-associated birth defects. (cdc.gov)
  • Only 25% of infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection reported receiving postnatal neuroimaging. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification and follow-up care of infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate intervention services are available to affected infants. (cdc.gov)
  • In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants. (cdc.gov)
  • This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations. (cdc.gov)
  • Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiology and Infection. (ukhsa.gov.uk)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This Health Advisory provides information on the current status of the chikungunya outbreak in Paraguay and advises on evaluating and testing travelers returning from Paraguay with signs and symptoms consistent with chikungunya virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • For patients with suspected chikungunya disease, it is important to rule out dengue virus infection because proper clinical management of dengue can improve the outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • Paraguay has not reported any Zika cases in 2023 and although the risk of Zika virus infection is currently low, clinicians should consider Zika as part of the differential diagnosis for anyone who tests negative for these other pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. (medsci.org)
  • The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
  • However, to this day, in the fight against virus infection, there is no real winner. (medsci.org)
  • Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly (a serious birth defect), eye abnormalities, and a number of developmental impairments termed congenital Zika syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Prevention involves avoiding mosquito bites, avoiding unprotected sex with a partner at risk of having Zika virus infection, and, for pregnant women and their partners, avoiding travel to areas with ongoing transmission. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A. albopictus is thought to be a secondary vector of epidemic Zika virus infection in the tropics, but whether it would do so in the more temperate climate of the United States is unclear. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Coxsackie B virus infection can be diagnosed by isolation of the virus in cell culture, detection of virus RNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or serologic evaluation of viral antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, patients with asymptomatic infections may shed the virus for months after they acquire the infection. (medscape.com)
  • Women aged 40-79 years with suspected cases were more likely to test positive for Zika virus infection than those in males in the same age group. (cdc.gov)
  • Another consideration in modeling natural infection in humans is the nature of transmitted HIV-1 strains: most such viruses are relatively difficult to neutralize (tier 2 neutralization phenotype). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • o An Aedes mosquito in the United States bites the infected person during the period of time when the virus can be found in the person's blood, typically only through the first week of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, at lower doses mice were able to clear the inoculum from the liver and spleen over a 3- to 4-week period, but persistence of the organism at other sites resulted in a chronic infection of between 2 and 16 months duration which was eventually lethal in all of the animals tested. (tropmedres.ac)
  • Neutralization of either tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin-12 but not granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, also increased susceptibility to infection in vivo. (tropmedres.ac)
  • A new study from the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine shows that, depending on the interpretation criteria, serological tests can differentiate between Zika and dengue infections. (tulane.edu)
  • Dengue Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) in Primary and Secondary Dengue Virus Infections: How Alterations in Assay Conditions Impact Performance. (kmptm.pl)
  • BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis (JE) occurs in fewer than 1% of JE virus (JEV) infections, often with catastrophic sequelae including death and neuropsychiatric disability. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite revised clinical classifications of dengue infections by the World Health Organization, the wide spectrum of the manifestations of dengue illness continues to pose challenges in diagnosis and patient management for clinicians. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important difference to note, however, was that the Zika epidemic diffused in a shorter time span compared to the persisting feature of Dengue infections, which is endemic in many Asian countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review discusses similarities between Dengue and Zika infections, comparing their disease transmissions and vectors involved, and both the innate and adaptive immune responses in these infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Consideration of the genetic identity of both the Dengue and Zika flaviviruses as well as the cross-reactivity of relevant T cells along with the actions of CD4+ cytotoxic cells in these infections are also presented. (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, a summary of the immune biomarkers that have been reported for dengue and Zika viral infections are discussed which may be useful indicators for future anti-viral targets or predictors for disease severity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
  • The proportion of fetuses and infants with Zika virus-associated birth defects was highest among those with first trimester Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The attempts to treat virus infections occur even earlier than there was an understanding of the concept of a virus as an independent entity. (medsci.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) has been presumed to be endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA), with a low rate of human infections. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil. (cdc.gov)
  • On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
  • Maricopa County Environmental Services Department (MCESD) conducted retrospective testing for DENV in samples collected from 21 mosquito pools located within 5 miles (8 km) of patient A's residence during October 1-November 3. (medscape.com)
  • Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
  • and 4) advised providers to test for and report suspected DENV to MCDPH. (medscape.com)
  • CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
  • mosquitoes collected in a professional BG-Sentinel mosquito trap § tested negative for DENV by RT-PCR. (medscape.com)
  • Initially identified in a rhesus monkey from Uganda's Zika forest in 1947 and subsequently isolated from humans in 1968 in Nigeria, 1 Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same vector transmitting other arboviruses of public health impact such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). (who.int)
  • The survey sought to assess preparedness for ZIKV testing in the context of co-circulating DENV and CHIKV. (who.int)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On 21 March 2023, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of the United Republic of Tanzania declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • TWiV 1045: Less Lassa, CRISPR RNA viruses September 17, 2023 TWiV reviews a Lassa virus mRNA vaccine that confers protection against disease without inducing neutralizing antibodies, and a CRISPR-based method for engineering the genome of RNA viruses. (microbe.tv)
  • Matters Microbial #18: The Perfect Predator: Why Phage is Rage November 30, 2023 Today Dr. Steffanie Strathdee, Associate Dean of Global Health Sciences at UC San Diego and Co-Director at the Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, will chat with us about how bacteriophages-viruses that attack bacteria-changed her life and are becoming part of our future. (microbe.tv)
  • TWiP 223: Voluminous diarrhea November 28, 2023 TWiP solves the case of the Haitian female with AIDS and voluminous diarrhea, and review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of malaria Chagas disease. (microbe.tv)
  • TWiEVO 95: Watering the viruses until they bloom November 14, 2023 Nels and Vincent discuss how the rewetting of seasonally dried soils, a critical event in Mediterranean grasslands that reactivates dormant soil microorganisms, leading to pulses of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and is accompanied by a bloom of viral diversity, followed by extensive viral community turnover. (microbe.tv)
  • Accurate diagnostics for Zika virus (ZIKV) underpins all public health responses and epidemiology studies of the outbreak. (ukri.org)
  • a) ZIKV PRNT (most specific serological test for ZIKV). (ukri.org)
  • Tests and training will strengthen diagnostic services, and improve management of suspected ZIKV patients. (ukri.org)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the Flavivirus genus and the Flaviviridae family. (rjppd.org)
  • On 1 February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that clusters of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders occurring in Zika virus (ZIKV)-affected areas constituted a public health emergency of international concern. (who.int)
  • The survey indicated that 16/19 (84%) countries had capacity for molecular detection of ZIKV while others facilitated testing through referral. (who.int)
  • Questions primarily addressed in-country capacity for molecular and serological detection of the three arboviruses, additional laboratory capacities specific for ZIKV and testing-related services to other countries. (who.int)
  • A total of 28 surveys to national-level laboratories likely to be tasked with ZIKV testing were distributed to 19 countries in the Region (omitting resource-limited countries with basic laboratory capacity known to rely on specimen referral). (who.int)
  • Since the Zika virus (ZIKV) was first the health ministries of the 22 Members preparedness measures. (who.int)
  • The epidemiology of ZIKV in SEA remains uncertain because of the scarcity of available data. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Positive and equivocal samples were confirmed for anti-ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization tests. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Zika virus seroprevalence observed in the studied blood donors was low, 4.5% in 2003-2004 with an increase in 2015 to 9.9% (P = 0.002), possibly reflecting the increase of ZIKV incident cases reported over this period. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this investigation, antibodies to TBE virus were detected by hemagglutination and neutralization tests in 1 (1.8%) of 56 serum samples ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A serologic study, which used the hemagglutination inhibition test, of animals living permanently in northern Greece showed that 16.8% of goats, 5.6% of pigs, 5.1% of sheep, 4.7% of horses, and 3.1% of cattle had antibodies to TBE virus ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A seroepidemiologic survey conducted in various prefectures in Greece found that 1.7% of the population had antibodies to TBE virus ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • During a recent seroepidemiologic study conducted during 2003-2005 in northern Greece, highest prevalence (5.82%) of antibodies against TBE virus was observed in the Chalkidiki prefecture ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses. (rjppd.org)
  • 26. Mohammed H, Tomashek KM, Stramer SL, Hunsperger E. Prevalence of anti-dengue immunoglobulin G antibodies among American Red Cross blood donors in Puerto Rico, 2006. (rjppd.org)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • Fluorescent staining and neutralization assays: Using specific antibodies, these tests are used to further confirm and delineate the type of enterovirus isolated from cell culture. (medscape.com)
  • The specificity is not extremely high because the antibodies cross-react with other enteroviruses such as hepatitis A virus. (medscape.com)
  • Specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and neutralizing antibodies to the virus in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique: IgM is usually but not always present during acute illness. (medscape.com)
  • A licensed indirect fluorescent antibody test is available for IgG and IgM antibodies to La Crosse virus and may be useful in diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • A cheaper and simpler approach is to use immunology-based methods to screen vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies and subsequently test the tick populations at locations with seropositive animals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The serum neutralization test confirmed that 70 of the 173 ELISA-positive sera had neutralizing antibodies against TBEV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combined approach of screening vertebrate hosts for TBEV-specific antibodies followed by testing the local tick population for TBEV allowed us to detect two new TBEV foci in the canton of Valais. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.Lancet. (kmptm.pl)
  • Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Updated guidelines include a new recommendation to offer serologic testing to asymptomatic pregnant women (women who do not report clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease) who have traveled to areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • For pregnant women with clinical illness consistent with Zika virus disease,* testing is recommended during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Other diseases (e.g., mumps) have such a characteristic clinical presentation that, even in the absence of confirmatory laboratory testing, a diagnosis may be based only on clinical findings. (cdc.gov)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • Virus genomics as a clinical and epidemiological tool. (cdc.gov)
  • Chikungunya and dengue viruses cocirculate in Paraguay and surrounding countries, are transmitted by the same species of mosquitoes, and have similar clinical presentations during acute illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus also has similar clinical features and transmission patterns as chikungunya and dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • To confirm the dengue out-break from suspected clinical samples with the help of molecular diagnostic test (PCR/RT-PCR). (ncdc.gov.in)
  • The diagnosis of California encephalitis is based on immunology, because the virus is not present in blood or secretions during clinical CNS disease. (medscape.com)
  • A collection of the most up-to-date and cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC has updated its interim guidelines for U.S. health care providers caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Zika virus outbreak continues to spread ( http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html ), with ongoing Zika virus transmission recently reported in U.S. territories. (cdc.gov)
  • This is the first Marburg virus disease outbreak reported in the country. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • During the current outbreak in Brazil, Zika virus RNA has been identified in specimens (i.e., brain tissue, placenta, and amniotic fluid) from several infants with microcephaly and from fetal losses in women infected with Zika virus during pregnancy ( 6 , 8 , 9 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are found throughout much of the region of the Americas, including parts of the United States ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue is a disease transmitted by mosquitoes, with the primary vector being the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. (frontiersin.org)
  • Zika virus is primarily spread by the bite of infected Aedes spp. (phila.gov)
  • Chikungunya virus is a mosquito-borne alphavirus transmitted by infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti and Aedes Albopictus [2]. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes ( 2 , 3 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Aedes albopictus mosquitoes also might transmit the virus. (blogspot.com)
  • The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. (mvcac.org)
  • Overwintering of La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus. (medscape.com)
  • We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
  • Ebola virus disease (EVD) is an acute, severe and often fatal haemorrhagic fever caused by a Filoviridae virus. (scirp.org)
  • Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term arbovirus is a portmanteau word (arthropod-borne virus). (wikipedia.org)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • Загальні відомості про арбовірусні, аренавірусні та філовірусні інфекції Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) applies to any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, chiefly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • METHODS: Nanopore direct RNA sequencing was used to investigate the characteristics of coronavirus DVGs in gene expression including reproducibility, abundance, species and genome structures for bovine coronavirus in cells, and for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-A59 (a mouse coronavirus) in cells and in mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 3 ] which are small, nonenveloped RNA viruses, in which an icosahedral capsid encloses the single-stranded RNA genome. (medscape.com)
  • 8 It has an envelope and contains a very large RNA virus genome. (medsci.org)
  • The paper suggests that for population-based epidemiological cohort studies in dengue endemic regions, researchers should consider reporting using both CDC and WHO criteria until further investigation yields a revised criteria. (tulane.edu)
  • Positive or equivocal samples had confirmatory testing using plaque reduction neutralization tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Significant antibody titers include levels of more than 320 by hemagglutination inhibition, more than 128 by complement fixation, more than 256 by immunofluorescence, or more than 160 by plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
  • For this purpose, generic (g) and serotype specific (s) RT-PCR systems and the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay (PRNA) were used. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum samples were tested for JEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) using the InBios JE DetectTM assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Test [PRNT] and Non-structural protein 1 [NS1] ELISA) and assess the time-frame postinfection that portable NAAT provide accurate diagnosis. (ukri.org)
  • Has the threat of Zika virus outbreaks come to an end? (rjppd.org)
  • 3 The virus has gone on to cause outbreaks in multiple Pacific island countries and has spread throughout the Americas. (who.int)
  • In late 2013, local transmission of chikungunya virus was first detected in Caribbean countries and then quickly spread, causing large outbreaks throughout the Americas over the next several years [4-5]. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1947, the Zika virus was first isolated from monkeys in the Zika Forest of Uganda but was not considered an important human pathogen until the first large-scale outbreaks in the South Pacific islands in 2007. (msdmanuals.com)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary host for Zika virus. (blogspot.com)
  • Before 2015, Zika virus disease (Zika) outbreaks occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent outbreaks in the continental United States of chikungunya and dengue, which are spread by the same type of mosquito, have been relatively small and limited to a small area. (cdc.gov)
  • Pierre Buekens , MD, PhD, outgoing dean and W.H. Watkins professor of epidemiology, and Dawn Wesson , PhD, professor of tropical medicine, were co-authors along with several collaborators in Honduras and Argentina. (tulane.edu)
  • An important person in the story is Max Theiler, who was Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health at Yale from 1964-67, and whose work on virus attenuation created the modern vaccine and earned him the Nobel Prize. (brewminate.com)
  • The Omicron S-bearing virus robustly escapes vaccine-induced humoral immunity, mainly due to mutations in the receptor-binding motif (RBM), yet unlike naturally occurring Omicron, efficiently replicates in cell lines and primary-like distal lung cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • 20 Adverse reactions include local tenderness, and, infrequently, fever, "most= often [affecting] people who have had no exposure to the influenza virus antigens in the vaccine (e.g. small children). (faqs.org)
  • As AIDS vaccine recipients will not be exposed to strains exactly matching any immunogens due to multiple HIV-1 quasispecies circulating in the human population worldwide, heterologous SHIV challenges are essential for realistic vaccine efficacy testing in primates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mertens PPC, Maan NS, Prasad G, Samuel AR, Shaw AE, Potgieter AC, Anthony SJ, Maan S (2007): Design of primers and use of RT-PCR assays for typing European bluetongue virus isolates: differentiation of field and vaccine strains. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Genetic information will help in understanding of molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in India. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Genetic information will help in understanding of molecular epidemiology of drug resistant strain of HIV-1 type C in India. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Referred and suspected cases of HBV and HCV from different hospitals of Delhi and adjoining areas were confirmed by molecular diagnostic test (PCR/RT-PCR)targeting surface gene, core gene and 5'UTR gene region. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • To indicate the dengue virus type and genotype of the Dengue out-break with the help of molecular characterization and genotyping of dengue virus based on gene sequencing. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Molecular screening of dengue virus in mosquitoes collected from field for early warning signals. (ncdc.gov.in)
  • Molecular methods may soon replace viral culture and neutralization assays used to isolate and type enteroviruses. (medscape.com)
  • Breard E, Sailleau C, Nomikou K, Hamblin C, Mertens PP, Mellor PS, El Harrak M, Zientara S (2007): Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 4 isolated in Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Nikolakaki SV, Nomikou K, Koumbati M, Mangana O, Papanastassopoulou M, Mertens PPC, Papadopoulos O (2005): Molecular analysis of the NS3/NS3A gene of Bluetongue virus isolates from the 1979 and 1998-2001 epizootics in Greece and their segregation into two distinct groups. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance. (kmptm.pl)
  • It is caused by the same family of viruses (Filoviridae) as Ebola virus disease and is clinically similar. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Dengue is a major public health concern, affecting almost 400 million people worldwide, with about 70% of the global burden of disease in Asia. (frontiersin.org)
  • It also highlights those at increased risk for severe disease and prevention measures to mitigate additional spread of the virus and potential importation into unaffected areas, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • As an arboviral disease, Zika virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. (blogspot.com)
  • Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains a public health problem. (scirp.org)
  • The majority of care professionals had good knowledge of the name and reservoir of the causal agent, the severity of the disease, the modes of prevention and the attitude to adopt in case of suspicion of Ebola virus disease, and the year of the last epidemic. (scirp.org)
  • Strengthening care professionals capacity on Ebola virus disease is imperatively required in a short time, given epidemic episodes. (scirp.org)
  • Standard Precautions should be used to protect healthcare personnel from all infectious disease transmission, including Zika virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Only a few state laboratories or other specialized laboratories, including those at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), are capable of performing this specialized testing. (medscape.com)
  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants disseminated in the tropics and sub-tropics. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • The potential for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 to be associated with disease enhancement is of theoretical concern, given similar observations with other respiratory viruses in general, and in animal models of highly pathogenic coronaviruses in particular [14] . (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • According to the latest taxonomy on flaviviruses, TBE virus is a species in the mammalian tick-borne virus group and has 3 subtypes: European, Far Eastern, and Siberian ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, they exhibit reduced specificity through cross-reactivity against other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue, circulating in South America. (ukri.org)
  • Researchers tested 36 women attending a prenatal clinic in Honduras for the two flaviviruses. (tulane.edu)
  • The abundance of viruses in the host's blood allows the host to transmit the virus to other organisms if its blood is consumed by them. (wikipedia.org)
  • These infected mosquitoes may go on to further transmit the virus to more birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and the use of blood products can transmit arboviruses if the virus is present in the donor's blood or organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • These mosquitoes can also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Currently available diagnostics: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and antibody ELISA, have critical problems [1]. (ukri.org)
  • Definitive diagnosis is typically made in a laboratory by employing some combination of blood tests, particularly immunologic, serologic and/or virologic techniques such as ELISA, complement fixation, polymerase chain reaction, neutralization test, and hemagglutination-inhibition test. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other tests can be used such as antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), antigen-capture detection tests, serum neutralization tests, electron microscopy, and virus isolation by cell culture. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is more sensitive than the neutralization test and can be used as a screening tool, followed by the neutralization test for confirmation. (medscape.com)
  • It was suggested at that time that GGE virus might represent a third subtype because it differed antigenically from all strains belonging to the types I and II of TBE viruses that were known at that time and transmitted by Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus , respectively ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, the establishment and recent spread of lineage II WNV virus strains into Western Europe and the presence of neurovirulent and neuroinvasive strains among them is a cause of major concern. (mdpi.com)
  • Genomic Epidemiology of Treponema pallidum and Circulation of Strains With Diminished tprK Antigen Variation Capability in Seattle, 2021-2022. (amedeo.com)
  • Preparedness for Zika virus testing in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal , 2016, 7(1):44-47. (who.int)
  • To prevent human-to-mosquito-to-human transmission, persons infected with Zika, dengue, or chikungunya virus should protect themselves from mosquito exposure during the first week of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache, and severe malaise. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • Laboratory diagnosis is generally accomplished by testing serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • Plaque reduction and neutralization assay (PRNA) was used for serologic identification of BTV isolates. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Zika virus like other vector-borne diseases poses a particular challenge to the countries because of their complex nature which requires multidisciplinary competencies and strong rapid interaction among committed sectors. (who.int)
  • For many diseases, substantial amounts of information, including results of laboratory tests, must be collected before a final case classification is possible. (cdc.gov)
  • o We will maintain and improve our ability to identify and test for Zika and other mosquito-borne diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Low Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Vientiane, Laos, 2003-2015. (ox.ac.uk)
  • For asymptomatic pregnant women residing in areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission, testing is recommended at the initiation of prenatal care with follow-up testing mid-second trimester. (cdc.gov)
  • Local health officials should determine when to implement testing of asymptomatic pregnant women based on information about levels of Zika virus transmission and laboratory capacity. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 , 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • In March 1969, Vergina strain (the prototype strain of GGE virus) was isolated in Vergina village, northern Greece, from the brain of a newborn goat with encephalitis-like symptoms ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Prognosis is good for most people, but is poor in those who develop severe symptoms, with up to a 20% mortality rate in this population depending on the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tests, protocols and training will be available to local laboratory networks for patient use and to support further diagnostic studies. (ukri.org)
  • Samples from both deceased and live cases were taken and confirmed for Marburg virus by the National Public Health Laboratory. (unamhe.or.ug)
  • If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
  • While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
  • As stated by Kuno & Chang [ 15 ], "The three commonly used data for identifying vertebrate reservoirs for arboviruses have been (i) virus isolation from suspected animals, (ii) relatively high antibody prevalence in the animals captured in the field and (iii) demonstration of viraemia (of higher virus titre and duration) in the suspected animals typically obtained under laboratory conditions" [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS: To comprehensively determine the amounts, species and structures of noncanonical transcripts for bovine coronavirus in HRT-18 cells and mouse hepatitis virus A59, a mouse coronavirus, in mouse L cells and mice, nanopore direct RNA sequencing was employed. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2016 . Zika virus . (ajtmh.org)
  • 2016 . Epidemiology of chikungunya in the Americas . (ajtmh.org)
  • 2016 . Evidence-based risk assessment and communication: a new global dengue-risk map for travellers and clinicians . (ajtmh.org)
  • ABSTRACT Following the WHO declaration on 1 February 2016 of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of La Crosse encephalitis and Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the CSF has the potential to identify a broad range of pathogens in a single test (ref DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1803396). (medscape.com)
  • To better understand JE IgM seropositivity following vaccination, sera from 268 children from a previous CD-JEV study were tested by two different JE IgM assays to determine JE IgM antibody frequency on days 28, 180, and 365 postvaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral culture and neutralization assays are reliable but time-consuming and costly methods. (medscape.com)
  • Concern (PHEIC) with regard to clusters of microcephaly and neurological disorders potentially associated with Zika virus, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean conducted three rounds of emergency meetings to address enhancing preparedness actions in the Region. (who.int)
  • Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus. (rjppd.org)
  • During 2011-2018, a total of 20 JE cases were detected, indicating JE virus causes encephalitis in Bhutan. (cdc.gov)
  • In fatal cases, nucleic acid amplification, histopathology with immunohistochemistry and virus culture of autopsy tissues can also be useful. (medscape.com)
  • This intervention forms the basis of an epidemiological study to assess the impact of operational deployment of wMel Wolbachia on the reduction of the incidence of notified dengue cases and virologically-confirmed dengue. (mvcac.org)
  • We report isolation of a GGE virus strain from I. ricinus ticks collected in Vavdos village in the Chalkidiki prefecture. (cdc.gov)
  • This biopsy material tested positively for La Crosse virus antigen on direct immunofluorescence assay. (medscape.com)
  • VirPreNet: a weighted ensemble convolutional neural network for the virulence prediction of influenza A virus using all eight segments. (cdc.gov)
  • Her graduate studies examined host-pathogen interactions of influenza viruses. (bvgh.org)
  • Tibovirus (tick-borne virus) is sometimes used to more specifically describe viruses transmitted by ticks, a superorder within the arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Included within the series are papers on orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides, lesser known viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Cache Valley, Everglades, Jamestown Canyon, and LaCrosse, and recently discovered viruses transmitted by ticks including Bourbon, Heartland, Colorado tick fever, and Powassan. (mvcac.org)
  • The Ebola virus is highly contagious and lethal. (scirp.org)