• This association can be used to help in the prevention and mitigation of influenza epidemics. (scirp.org)
  • Fdez-Arroyabe, P. (2012) Influenza epidemics and Spanish climatic domains. (scirp.org)
  • 20 It has to be repeated every year, as the strains of influenza vary from yea= r to year. (faqs.org)
  • Since then, several strains-including influenza A strains H5N1, H1N1 and H7N9 and MERS-CoV-have emerged from animal populations, causing considerable disease, mortality and economic hardship for the afflicted regions 5 . (nature.com)
  • Although the vaccine has the potential of not covering every strain of influenza circulating around this season, officials still recommend patients get vaccinated. (arizona.edu)
  • Epidemics of influenza typically occur during the winter months in temperate regions and have been responsible for an average of approximately 36,000 deaths/year in the United States during 1990--1999 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • From the bubonic plague in the 1300s to the 1918 influenza pandemic to more contemporary epidemics like HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1, these epidemics teach important lessons. (davidson.edu)
  • In China, cases of people co-infected with both H7N9 and seasonal influenza virus strains have been reported during the period of overlapping seasonal and H7N9 epidemics 10 . (nature.com)
  • Researchers divide flu viruses into three general categories: types A, B, and C. All three types can mutate, or change into new strains, and type A influenza mutates often, yielding new strains of the virus every few years. (webmd.com)
  • Despite extensive work on influenza, a number of questions still remain open about why individuals are differently susceptible to the disease and why only some strains lead to epidemics. (nih.gov)
  • Two types of influenza virus, type A and type B, regularly cause seasonal epidemics of influenza in the United States. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The strains of virus that cause influenza outbreaks change each year. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Influenza epidemics usually begin in late December or midwinter. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Bird Flu Bird flu is a viral infection with strains of influenza virus that normally occur in wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The current (7th) pandemic, the of Iran is at risk of epidemics spreading first due to the El Tor biotype, began in from neighbouring countries. (who.int)
  • As we now know well, an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large number of people, is a pandemic. (psychologytoday.com)
  • In the weeks surrounding World Mental Health Day 2020 , it is important to take a closer look at how we're addressing the mental consequences of the novel coronavirus pandemic, and what knowledge we can apply from the most recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). (psychologytoday.com)
  • Now we are seeing people still reeling from an epidemic faced with the physical and mental consequences of an as-yet unstoppable pandemic. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Each additional case provides the virus an opportunity to improve its ability for human-to-human transmission and develop into a pandemic strain. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Additionally, an increase in risky sexual behavior will worsen the epidemic -- even if drug-resistant strains of HIV are not very fit. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Thousands of people all over the world are also dying from HIV/AIDS, drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, and other communicable diseases. (who.int)
  • This is not the first outbreak of the Sudan strain of Ebola virus here in Africa and particularly here in Uganda," he said. (latimes.com)
  • There is no proven vaccine for the Sudan strain of Ebola. (latimes.com)
  • She was a staff lead on their work on the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic. (davidson.edu)
  • When the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the DRC's latest Ebola epidemic in June 2020, 2,287 people had died and 1,171 people had survived the infection over nearly two years. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Early in the epidemic, the WHO recognized the psychological ramifications of surviving Ebola. (psychologytoday.com)
  • A group of UK and US researchers has also found that unabated global warming combined with higher human population growth and lower rates of socioeconomic development yield a 1.63-fold higher likelihood of epidemics, such as Ebola, to happen as a result of animal-to-human transmission. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • These outbreaks may be caused by the same III-1 clonal group of N. meningitidis serogroup A responsible for recent major epidemics in Nepal (1983-1984), Saudi Arabia (1987), and Chad (1988) (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Human history is the history of the fight against outbreaks of various diseases, epidemics and pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current novel coronavirus epidemic is just one episode of a series of outbreaks on a global scale in an extended period. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • That was the biggest mumps epidemic we've had in a long time, and it included 19 university-based outbreaks. (medscape.com)
  • In other words, it's not too late to get that vaccine if you haven't gotten the flu yet, especially since the CDC notes that the H3N2 strain could be around until the spring. (dailyobjectivist.com)
  • The CDC would like to keep the American population ignorant about this startling fact: Our current pertussis epidemic is caused by a deadly new strain of Bordetella pertussis bacterium (ptxP3) and its emergence is directly connected to the whooping cough vaccine. (wakeup-world.com)
  • The Mooi report focuses on the virulence of the new whooping cough strain and makes a direct association with the vaccine. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Even though the CDC is aware of the link between vaccination and a new super-strain pertussis bacterium, their 'solution' for the epidemic is to increase vaccine use. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Whooping Cough Epidemic Caused by Virulent New Pertussis Strain - And It's the Result of Vaccine" Gaia Health. (wakeup-world.com)
  • This season's vaccine has been of little help, failing to contain a variation of one of the strains of flu. (arizona.edu)
  • Every year, there's always concern that the vaccine is not a perfect match for the circulating strains of flu," said Dr. Sean Elliott, medical director for infection prevention at the UA. (arizona.edu)
  • In an email interview, Dr. Harry McDermott the executive director at Campus Health Service, also recommended people get the vaccine because it still covers three to four different flu strains. (arizona.edu)
  • Even though the flu strain that isn't covered well by this year's flu vaccine is the predominant strain circulating in the U.S. right now," McDermott explained. (arizona.edu)
  • It is close enough to the vaccine strain that there could be some partial immunity generated by vaccination so that someone exposed to that strain would not be fully protected, but they could get a milder illness. (arizona.edu)
  • He also said that numbers are expected to be normal despite the issues with the vaccine not covering all strains. (arizona.edu)
  • Specific strains of flu can be prevented by a flu vaccine , either a flu shot or nasal spray flu vaccine . (webmd.com)
  • Each year's vaccine is directed against the 3 or 4 strains that scientists predict will be most common in the coming year. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The original mumps vaccine, the so-called Jeryl Lynn strain, was produced by Maurice Hilleman at Merck in 1967. (medscape.com)
  • He starred in the television miniseries The Andromeda Strain (2008) and returned to television in 2009 in the TNT drama Trust Me, which was cancelled after one season. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2021, the number of isolates of this strain approximately doubled compared with the 2018-2020 baseline and remained high in 2022. (cdc.gov)
  • Without the opioid epidemic, American life expectancy would not have declined prior to 2020. (nber.org)
  • FINDLAY, Ohio (AP) - Communities ravaged by America's opioid epidemic are starting to get their share of a $50 billion pie from legal settlements. (wdtn.com)
  • We were grossly underprepared, like I think many places across the country were, for the opioid epidemic," Stuby said. (wdtn.com)
  • The Opioid Epidemic Was Not Caused by Economic Distress but by Factors That Could Be More Rapidly Addressed, " The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 695(1), pages 276-291. (nber.org)
  • These fi ndings indicated rado, USA that ZIKV was the causative agent of the Yap epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Why would anyone want to watch a fictionalized epidemic while the coronavirus disrupts real life? (davidson.edu)
  • An epidemic in a more limited geographic area is often called an outbreak. (psychologytoday.com)
  • As Liberia's former deputy minister of health for disease surveillance and epidemic pointed out in Stat , "Investing in a survivor program will cost everyone less than responding to the next full-scale outbreak. (psychologytoday.com)
  • In 2013, an avian H7N9 virus strain emerged in China that caused hundreds of human infections. (nature.com)
  • During the fifth wave of H7N9 epidemics the virus split into two phylogenetically distinct lineages, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta clades 5 . (nature.com)
  • 3. Prevent drug resistance from developing in order to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant viral strains. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our analysis shows that large populations can be classified into a small number of groups called response-types, specific to a given viral strain. (nih.gov)
  • The study's purpose was to identify whether Aedes albopictus was transmitting the dengue virus during an epidemic in the locality of Vila Bethânia (Viana County),Vitória, ES. (scielo.br)
  • The analysis of the bacterial genome showed that the epidemic strain belonged to the new lineage T13, which originates from south Asia and arrived in western Africa in 2013-2014. (pasteur.fr)
  • They pointed out that sequencing of the genome of the 1918 Spanish 'flu epidemic' was nearly complete, opening the door to unscrupulous scientists to build an even more potent virus," Reuters reported in July 2003. (sourcewatch.org)
  • It points out that the strain was first isolated in the United States in 1984, and that the virulent ptxP3 strains have been replacing the vaccines' ptxP1 strains. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Vaccination against two avian viruses, the Marek disease virus, and the infectious bursal disease virus, were associated with the emergence of more virulent strains. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Each time, new strains of viruses emerge and strike back, and they become more contagious and virulent. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. (nature.com)
  • More than 100 types of cold viruses are known, and new strains of flu evolve every few years. (webmd.com)
  • This same T13 lineage had been identified by scientists of the Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Unit (Institut Pasteur) as the cause of the Yemen Cholera epidemic (1) . (pasteur.fr)
  • Scientists haven't done much research on strains other than B, so information on the rest is limited. (webmd.com)
  • ptxP3 strains were not found in the pre-vaccination era. (wakeup-world.com)
  • Some have raised the question of whether this could be due to serology, or that the Jeryl Lynn strain is different enough from the current circulating mumps strains-the so-called G-type strains- that there's been sufficient drift of that strain so that vaccination doesn't protect. (medscape.com)
  • Enzootic cycles of non-epidemic strains involve mainly Culex (Melanoconion) mosquitoes and wild rodents. (cdc.gov)
  • Enzootic cycles of epidemis strains not known. (cdc.gov)
  • aegypti ), implicating these species as likely lin (Ig) M-capture ELISA with DENV antigen confi rmed epidemic or enzootic vectors ( 3 - 5 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • UCLA AIDS Institute researchers have predicted that widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can eventually stop the HIV epidemic in its tracks -- even in African nations where a high percentage of people are infected. (sciencedaily.com)
  • No epidemic has probably ever posed as severe a challenge to humankind as that now posed by HIV/AIDS. (who.int)
  • This documentary is about the early years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States, chronicling how activist groups taught themselves relevant science to advance research on AIDS treatments. (davidson.edu)
  • Since 1997, avian flu strains seem to have infected thousands of birds in 11 countries. (sourcewatch.org)
  • In 2016, CDC identified a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport that is now monitored as a persisting strain (REPJJP01). (cdc.gov)
  • In 2016, CDC identified a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport that is now monitored as a persisting strain* named REPJJP01 and includes isolates from U.S. residents in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. (cdc.gov)
  • Although several serotypes of L. monocytogenes are present in the environment and in foods, the majority of infections are caused by strains of serogroup 1/2 (mostly serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b) and 4 (almost always serotype 4b) ( 6 , 35 ). (asm.org)
  • Serotype 4b strains are unique in bearing both galactose and glucose substituents on the Glc-NAc of TA (Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • Within L. monocytogenes , sequences homologous to gtcA were found in all serogroup 4 isolates but not in strains of any other serotypes. (asm.org)
  • TA of strains of serogroup 1/2 and 3 consists of polyribitol phosphate, with N -acetylglucosamine (Glc-NAc) and rhamnose (in the case of serogroup 1/2) substituents on ribitol (Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
  • The number of human infections with this strain doubled in 2021 from the 3-year baseline. (cdc.gov)
  • bolletii strain responsible for an epidemic of surgical-site infections in Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
  • Severity of H3N2 Flu Strain Becomes Clear as the Flu Reaches Epidemic Levels in the U.S. (dailyobjectivist.com)
  • Health experts had predicted that the 2014-2015 cold and flu season would be particularly rough, but now that some of the data regarding flu cases and hospitalizations is available, these same experts are warning that this season's flu strain (called H3N2) could be even worse than predicted. (dailyobjectivist.com)
  • Although H3N2 reached "epidemic level" at the end of 2014, the CDC now says that flu-related hospitalizations have dipped down this past week enough to pass under the threshold of what is considered an "epidemic" in the U.S. (dailyobjectivist.com)
  • However, the 'obesity epidemic' that has occurred since 1990 cannot be attributed to genetic changes, for which the time scale is far too short, but instead to factors such as the increased palatability, variety and availability of food which are some of the crucial drivers of food intake and the amount of food that is eaten in our changed modern environment and that are described later. (blogspot.com)
  • Electrophoretically generated DNA profiles were digitized and analyzed using Gel Compar software, and isolates with specific DNA profiles were grouped into one of the previously described, or newly identified Canadian epidemic clones (2,8) . (canada.ca)
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diphtheria. (who.int)
  • When the virus multiplies, the copies sometimes change (mutate) and develop into another HIV strain in your body. (webmd.com)
  • The Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Unit at the Institut Pasteur (Paris) took part to the study of a strain of Vibrio cholerae (Vibrio cholerae O1) responsible for this epidemic. (pasteur.fr)
  • ABSTRACT An analytical cross-sectional study determined the serogroups and serotypes of Vibrio cholerae , and their antibiotic resistance rates, in the 2005 cholera epidemic in Hamadan. (who.int)
  • Indonesia in 1961 and spread throughout have been 12 epidemics of cholera with Asia as Vibrio cholerae El Tor, displacing the 1st epidemic in 1965 (Figure 1). (who.int)
  • However the Zimbabwe epidemic strain was highly resistant to antibiotics, as opposed to the one from Yemen. (pasteur.fr)
  • The drugs that treat the B strain (antiretroviral drugs) also work on most others. (webmd.com)
  • According to The Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition 's " Introduction to Epidemiology ," an epidemic refers to an unexpected increase (often sudden) in the number of cases of a disease in a population in a certain area. (psychologytoday.com)
  • We find that epidemic strains in general correlate with poor CTL response in populations. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, resettlement often causes psychological and social strains, and this may affect the health and welfare of displaced populations. (lu.se)
  • Fourteen additional antibiotic resistance genes were identified by the genetic analysis of this strain from Zimbabwe. (pasteur.fr)
  • Dr. Hiroshi Nishiura, Editor-in-Chief of Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling , discusses what the current biggest epidemics are, where the next big epidemic will come from and how we will cope with it and if we will be able to successfully predict and prevent epidemics in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although group A meningococcal disease is rare in the United States, carriage of group A meningococcus has been reported in travelers returning from countries with epidemics (4). (cdc.gov)
  • Type A mutations are responsible for major flu epidemics every few years and for the major pandemics that can occur, though rarely. (webmd.com)
  • This group is responsible for the HIV epidemic. (webmd.com)
  • Dr. Rolls kicks it off with a brief discussion of genetics, just enough to conclude that it can't be responsible for the current obesity epidemic. (blogspot.com)
  • Before this epidemic, an antibacterial resistance structure in the bacterial chromosome of cholera vibrios prevented the acquisition of such resistance plasmids and thus stabilised the content of resistance genes. (pasteur.fr)
  • Comparison with the results of the 1998 epidemic suggests a worrying increase in the resistance of V. cholerae to erythromycin, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. (who.int)
  • A public health expert, Chillag spent more than a decade at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), serving a two-year stint as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer -or, as they're sometimes known, "Disease Detectives. (davidson.edu)
  • Epidemic cycle probably involves many species of pest mosquitoes, with the horse as main vertebrate host and source of mosquito infection. (cdc.gov)
  • netic and serologic properties of the ZIKV associated with In 1977, ZIKV infection was confi rmed among 7 pa- this epidemic. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 2012-2013, with more than 17 000 cases of rubel a strain belonged to genotype 2B lineage 1 ( Fig. 1b ). (who.int)
  • At the time, the papers got press not necessarily because of what they explained, but because the ancient Y. pestis strains looked fairly ordinary --there was nothing obvious to suggest why, from the bacterial point of view, the Black Death was so deadly. (scienceblogs.com)
  • But now, another bacterial strain that can cause the disease has surfaced. (org.in)
  • Keeping in mind that the eyes are made to take in a three-dimensional world, you can develop ways to reduce digital eye strain by returning to that as often as possible. (roholtvision.com)
  • 4. Reduce the rate of risky sexual behavior in order to heighten the overall effect of treatment on the HIV epidemic. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Intercontinental spread of an epidemic group A Neisseria meningitidis strain. (cdc.gov)
  • This strain spread rapidly up epidemic of 2005. (who.int)
  • We have a well-established system for monitoring the spread of the epidemic. (president.gov.ua)
  • Lack of information, as well as the spread of misinformation via social media, exacerbates the mental strain. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Even if you develop antibodies against a flu virus one year, those antibodies are unlikely to protect you against a new strain of the flu virus the next year. (webmd.com)
  • A] team led by Dr Mohammed Madjid noted that last century a series of flu epidemics from Spain to Russia and Hong Kong had killed millions of people as the virus naturally mutated. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • NEW STRAINS of diarrhoea, malaria and cholera are spreading rapidly in South Asia, adding to the burden of health care systems that are already stretched to breaking point. (org.in)
  • Speaking about this very same psychic epidemic, Forbes writes, "For several thousands of years human beings have suffered from a plague, a disease worse than leprosy, a sickness worse than malaria, a malady much more terrible than smallpox. (realitysandwich.com)
  • It was the infectious disease hospital for the city of Copenhagen and the surrounding areas and became the epicenter for this now famous polio epidemic in 1952. (medscape.com)
  • Epidemic meningococcal disease has occurred in Nairobi, Kenya, and the Arusha area of northern Tanzania. (cdc.gov)
  • Editorial Note: Epidemic meningococcal disease in Kenya and Tanzania is uncommon. (cdc.gov)
  • The year long cholera epidemic in Peru refocussed scientific attention worldwide on the causes of the disease and the various strains of cholera bacteria. (org.in)
  • marking the second largest epidemic since 2008, when rubel a was classified as a notifiable disease in Japan. (who.int)
  • There is a spiraling epidemic in this country, one with consequences affecting an alarming number of people. (adoption.com)
  • In addition to increased anxiety and depression triggered by uncertainty and months of social isolation, many people, including children, have also developed symptoms of digital eye strain. (roholtvision.com)
  • As less people become infected, the epidemic eventually runs out of steam. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In summer 1916, all three strains converged in New York City, striking 8,900 people and killing 2,400 children, 80 percent age 4 or younger. (historynet.com)
  • There has been very little transmission between people, a requirement for an epidemic. (sourcewatch.org)
  • And if a strain does jump to people, such a mutation may make it far less lethal than it has been to those who have contracted it from birds. (sourcewatch.org)
  • Although the CDC declares a flu epidemic every year, Elliot said this year's numbers are not out of the ordinary for this time. (arizona.edu)
  • Expanding treatment programs is the key to eradicating HIV epidemics -- especially in developing countries," Blower said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Many Americans probably don't realize that in the past 12 winters, nine of those winters saw flu cases rise to epidemic level, and it's no surprise that only about 40% of all Americans get vaccinated each year. (dailyobjectivist.com)
  • Researchers find new strains all the time as they learn more about HIV-1 group M. (webmd.com)
  • We, unfortunately, at this time do not have rapid diagnostics for this particular strain. (latimes.com)
  • Your doctor can treat your HIV better if they know what strain you have. (webmd.com)
  • If that happens, the drugs you take for your original HIV strain won't necessarily treat the new strain. (webmd.com)