ReceptorsEotaxinLymphocytesMotifCytokines and chemokinesCytokineBasophilsProteinNeutrophilsCCL5InflammationRANTESGranulocytesLigandCCR5MonocytesInflammatory cellsChemoattractantsSpecificityCellsPeripheralEosinophiliaGenesTissuesSelectiveMediatorsHistamineCellularEosinophilicNeutrophilImmuneActivationMucosaCCL4ConcentrationGranules in their cytoplasm
Receptors18
- Several human chemokine receptors have been sons than for those homozygous for the wild classified as such on the basis of similarity of type CCR5 (12,17-19,23). (cdc.gov)
- What Are Chemokine Receptors? (cdc.gov)
- A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS . (nih.gov)
- May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. (qedbio.com)
- These receptors, a subset of the Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) family, all bind peptide ligands which include the chemokines, opioids and somatostatins. (reactome.org)
- It shares receptors with eotaxin and shows full cross-desensitization with this cosinophil-selective chemokine. (rupress.org)
- Bochner, BS 2006, ' Understanding the ingenuity of chemokines and their receptors ', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , vol. 118, no. 2, pp. 321-323. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Bochner, Bruce S. / Understanding the ingenuity of chemokines and their receptors . (johnshopkins.edu)
- A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
- Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
Eotaxin18
- Expression of eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective chemokine, parallels eosinophil accumulation in the vesiculobullous stage of incontinentia pigmenti. (qxmd.com)
- We explored the possible role of an eosinophil-selective, nuclear factor-kappaB-activated chemokine, eotaxin, in the accumulation of eosinophils in the initial stage of the disease. (qxmd.com)
- Monoclonal antibody (6H9) specific for human eotaxin strongly labelled the suprabasal epidermis of IP skin, paralleling the upper epidermal accumulation of eosinophils, but did not label the epidermis of normal skin or lesional skin from patients with other inflammatory skin diseases not characterized by prominent eosinophil accumulation, namely dermatitis herpetiformis and selected cases of atopic dermatitis lacking significant numbers of eosinophils. (qxmd.com)
- In addition, endothelial cells in lesional skin of IP also exhibited strong expression of eotaxin, which correlated with perivascular and intravascular eosinophil infiltration. (qxmd.com)
- These studies suggest that release of cytokines during the initial inflammatory stage of IP induces epidermal expression of eotaxin, which may play a role in the epidermal accumulation of eosinophils. (qxmd.com)
- The role of Eotaxin in the transfer of eosinophils from the bone marrow to the asthmatic lung. (imperial.ac.uk)
- This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). (cancerindex.org)
- Among several homing chemokines, an antibody array revealed that expression of eotaxin-3 (but not eotxin-1 and -2) was highly enhanced in MSCs treated with PC-3-conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
- We measured the levels of these cytokines in relation to eotaxin and eosinophil production of the Eosinophil Cationic Protein in nasal secretion (N-ECP). (laeknabladid.is)
- The current authors have recently shown that PQ induces recruitment of inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and neutrophils, into the lung with the lung expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin (IL)-5 and eotaxin in vivo 24 . (ersjournals.com)
- The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of NQ on airway inflammation, the local expression of cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 and chemokines such as eotaxin, macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) and Ig production related to antigen exposure. (ersjournals.com)
- The peripheral eosinophilia seen in the early stages of incontinentia pigmenti may result from the production of eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective cytokine, during the inflammatory cascade that results from a loss of NEMO/IKK -gamma activity. (medscape.com)
- At 3 days post-initial ivermectin treatment, MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-4/CCL13, MPIF-1/CCL23 and Eotaxin-2/CCL24 were strongly enhanced, suggesting that monocytes and eosinophil granulocytes have mediated Mf clearance. (nih.gov)
- Eotaxin-2 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR3 receptor. (peprotech.com)
- Eotaxin-2 contains the four conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines. (peprotech.com)
- The migration of eosinophils depends on chemoattractants such as eotaxin, which is an eosinophil specific chemokine 9 . (edu.pk)
- Eosinophil localization to the lamina propria at baseline is critically regulated by eotaxin, a chemokine expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. (openarchives.gr)
- Eotaxin-3, a chemokine highly secreted by endothelial and inflammatory cells in CSS patients' damaged tissues, seems to directly target eosinophils toward affected tissues. (medscape.com)
Lymphocytes14
- CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ) is a 7.8 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
- Pulmonary exposure to NQ dose-dependently aggravated antigen-related airway inflammation, as characterised by infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes around the airways and an increase in goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
- This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. (antikoerper-online.de)
- The wall thickening is characterised by submucosal oedema, vasodilatation, with cellular infiltrates, predominantly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. (edu.pk)
- When Th2 lymphocytes are activated to produce cytokines, such as IL-5, this increases the production of eosinophils in the bone marrow and promotes release of these cells into the circulation 8 . (edu.pk)
- 90% non-neoplastic cells, mainly T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, eosinophils and fibroblasts. (haematologica.org)
- It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
- Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils. (lookformedical.com)
- A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
- Other immune and inflammatory cells including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells are likely also to contribute to proteolytic injury. (atsjournals.org)
- Histopathology finding showed acanthosis, suprabasal clefting with a suprabasilar bulla and acantholysis, prominent eosinophilic intraepidermal spongiosis, and heavy dermal infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes (Figure 2, a and b). (bvsalud.org)
- Possible cross-talk occurs between eosinophils and Th2-type lymphocytes in CSS via the secretion of IL-25, a potent Th2-response enhancer, by the eosinophils themselves. (medscape.com)
- The inflammatory process has cellular and humoral components, such as leucocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells and lymphocytes) and the humoral proteolytic systems (complement, kinins and coagulation), respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Motif1
- Chemokine (C-C motif) ligands 4 (also CCL4) previously known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokines and chemokines4
- Typically tumor cells secrete a complex milieu of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, some of which are pro-tumorogenic [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. (iospress.com)
- With occult O. volvulus infection, serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MPIF-1/CCL23 and CXCL8/IL-8 enhanced and approached higher concentrations as determined in infection-free controls, whilst regulatory and Th2-type cytokines and chemokines MCP-4/CCL13, MIP-1δ/CCL15, TARC/CCL17 and IL-13 lessened. (nih.gov)
- The substantial amount of reactive cells in HL is supposed to be the net effect of a complex signaling network of cytokines and chemokines secreted by either the HRS cells or nonneoplastic cells. (haematologica.org)
- Organ damage typically occurs because of tissue inflammation and reaction to the cytokines and chemokines released by the eosinophils as well as to immune cells that are recruited to the tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytokine5
- CCL4 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine subfamily. (wikipedia.org)
- The results underscore the complex cytokine network imbalance exhibited after SCI and show significant changes in the concentrations of 14 cytokines/chemokines with different inflammatory and immunological activities. (frontiersin.org)
- In addition, TDI inhalation upregulated Th2 cytokine (IL-4, -5, -13, -10) and chemokine (Ccl11, Ccl24) expression and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa of mice with TDI rhinitis. (cdc.gov)
- Neutralization of IL-5 did not affect the development of the cytokine/chemokine response driving recruitment of eosinophils. (cdc.gov)
- Eosinophil activation in CSS requires specific cytokine stimulation. (medscape.com)
Basophils5
- It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. (cancerindex.org)
- Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. (qedbio.com)
- Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
- Through the release of RANTES, epithelial cells may control the selective concentration and activation of basophils and eosinophils in RSV-infected airway mucosa. (elsevierpure.com)
- Eosinophil Production and Function Eosinophils are granulocytes (white blood cells that contain granules in their cytoplasm) derived from the same progenitor cells as monocytes-macrophages, neutrophils, and basophils. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein6
- The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
- The novel chemokine was designated monocyte chemotactic protein 4 (MCP-4) and the variants were designated (LA)MCP-4 and (FNPQGLA)MCP-4. (rupress.org)
- The lumen contains mucus plugs, shed epithelium (Creola bodies) and Charcot-Leyden crystals (crystallised eosinophil derived major basic protein). (edu.pk)
- Lavage fluid from the lumen of the asthmatic airway contains numerous mediators including histamine, prostaglandins (predominantly PGD2 and PGF2), leukotrienes, kinins, kallikrein, and eosinophil derived major basic protein. (edu.pk)
- The primary granules contain lysophospholipase, associated with eosinophilic infiltrations 14 , and the secondary, or specific granules, contain major basic protein (MBP), eosinophils cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and eosinophil protein X or eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EPX/EDN) 15,16 . (edu.pk)
- The presence of histamine and eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)- induced bronchiolitis implies the activation of basophil and eosinophil leukocytes, but the specific mechanism of their recruitment has not been elucidated. (elsevierpure.com)
Neutrophils1
- Airway inflammation is present during an acute exacerbation of asthma, and is characterized by infiltration and activation of both eosinophils and neutrophils 2 . (edu.pk)
CCL51
- Background CCL5, also known as Regulated on Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), is a proinflammatory chemokine that induces migration and activation of leukocytes, and is also implied in HIV infection. (qedbio.com)
Inflammation5
- CCL4 as a chemokine which is produced during inflammation, damage or other important dynamic processes as an angiogenesis to attract immune cells as leukocytes transgress the vascular endothelium and migrate into peripheral tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- The increased U-EPX values at 3 months after the RSV infection compared to the controls and also the slightly increased U-EPX values at that time indicate that the RSV infection causes activation of eosinophils and probably leads to a Th2 type inflammation in the majority of the children. (laeknabladid.is)
- The expression of the eosinophil genes eosinophil peroxidase (Epx) and siglec F were upregulated (7.7 fold, P=0.001 and 27.5 fold, P=0.001, respectively) in the nasal mucosa of mice with TDI rhinitis supporting the presence of eosinophilic inflammation. (cdc.gov)
- Eosinophils are known to be an indirect marker of airway inflammation in asthma. (edu.pk)
- In this project, we study innate host defense, with a focus on roles for chemokines and innate antibiotics during airway inflammation. (lu.se)
RANTES2
- On eosinophils, MCP-4 has similar efficacy and potency as MCP-3, RANTES, and cotaxin. (rupress.org)
- RANTES: a versatile and controversial chemokine. (cusabio.com)
Granulocytes1
- Flow cytometric analysis of CD193 expression on human peripheral blood granulocytes (eosinophils). (bdbiosciences.com)
Ligand2
- Dendritic cells secrete and respond to chemokines after stimulation to LPS, TNFα, or CD40 ligand. (wikipedia.org)
- This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
CCR53
- NK cells can be important source of CC chemokines and may suppress HIV infection by inhibition replication of HIV-1 virus by interfering with the ability to utilize CCR5 as a coreceptor for entry in CD4(+) cells. (wikipedia.org)
- In maturing of DC production of chemokines have different impact on chemokine receptor function: CCR1 and CCR5 were down-regulated whereas CCR7 were stimulated increased in maturing DC. (wikipedia.org)
- We describe the role of allelic polymorphism in the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor with regard to susceptibility to and disease course of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
Monocytes3
- Biological Function Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. (qedbio.com)
- A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
- It does not have immunosuppressive properties, in contrast, it activates specific cellular mechanisms, such as the stimulation of non-phlogistic recruitment of monocytes (that is: without elaborating pro-inflammatory mediators), activation of macrophage phagocytosis of microorganisms and apoptotic cells, increase in phagocyte exit through the lymphatics, expression of antimicrobial molecules and inhibition of further neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration [3]. (bvsalud.org)
Inflammatory cells2
- This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway. (cancerindex.org)
- Resident cells within the lung such as fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells may be induced by cigarette smoke to synthesize chemokines attracting and potentially activating inflammatory cells. (atsjournals.org)
Chemoattractants1
- Eosinophil chemoattractants generated in allergic reactions. (imperial.ac.uk)
Specificity1
- A knottin scaffold directs the CXC-chemokine-binding specificity of tick evasins. (peprotech.com)
Cells9
- Production of chemokines provides DC with the capacity to self-regulate their migratory behavior as well as to recruit other cells. (wikipedia.org)
- One major discovery was that members of the chemokine receptor family serve as cofactors for HIV entry into cells. (cdc.gov)
- Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
- A novel human CC chemokine complementary DNA was identified in a library constructed from human fetal RNA, cloned into a baculovirus vector, and expressed in Sf9 insect cells. (rupress.org)
- Eosinophils are currently regarded as the effector cells responsible for much of the pathology of asthma. (edu.pk)
- Chemokines are potent and selective leukocyte chemotactic molecules that are also expressed by airway epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Therefore, the pattern of chemokines produced in response to RSV infection was investigated in primary cultures of human nose- and adenoid-derived epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Total cells, macrophages, and eosinophils recovered in BALF lavage were significantly elevated in the OVA + PM/OVA compared to OVA/OVA group. (cdc.gov)
- The production of antibacterial chemokines by inflamed epithelial cells demonstrates an important aspect of innate immunity. (lu.se)
Peripheral1
- Determined by its ability to chemoattract using human peripheral blood eosinophils using a concentration of 50.0-100.0 ng/ml. (peprotech.com)
Eosinophilia2
- This and other factors-for example, eosinophil-apoptosis impairment through high levels of soluble CD95-might account for the persistent eosinophilia in active CSS. (medscape.com)
- Eosinophilia has features of an immune response: an agent such as Trichinella spiralis invokes a primary response with relatively low levels of eosinophils, whereas repeated exposures result in an augmented or secondary eosinophilic response. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes2
- This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
- This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes. (lookformedical.com)
Tissues2
- The second step is the migration of eosinophils from the circulation to various tissues. (edu.pk)
- The relationship between eosinophils and adipose tissues involved in metabolic homeostasis. (fgf-4.com)
Selective2
- Chemokines in Asthma and Allergy: Towards the Holy Grail of Selective Therapy? (imperial.ac.uk)
- Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
Mediators3
- Chemokines in eosinophil recruitment in asthma, Fifth FASEB on Cytokines and Lipid Mediators, Vermont. (imperial.ac.uk)
- The third step comprises the release of granule proteins, which occurs when eosinophils become exposed to soluble mediators for example PAF 10 , immuncomplexes 11 or solid particles 12 . (edu.pk)
- Myocardial damage is caused by vasculitis, leading to coronary occlusion due to the release of toxic mediators by activated eosinophils causing direct myocardial damage, or by replacement of the myocardium with granulomas and scar tissue. (medscape.com)
Histamine1
- Such substances include eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, leukotriene B4, complement complex (C5-C6-C7), and histamine (over a narrow range of concentration). (msdmanuals.com)
Cellular2
- Activation of eosinophils with subsequent release of cellular proteases may trigger the development of the vesicular stage of incontinentia pigmenti. (medscape.com)
- We profiled the cellular constituents and concentrations of 40 cytokines, chemokines and cellular factors (collectively "soluble factors") involved in inflammatory and immune signalling pathways in pleural effusion samples from 50 mesothelioma patients. (iospress.com)
Eosinophilic1
- 100 × 10 9 /L]), usually with eosinophilic leukemia, develop complications when eosinophils form aggregates that occlude small blood vessels, causing tissue ischemia and microinfarctions. (msdmanuals.com)
Neutrophil1
- Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)
Immune1
- To investigate the effect of residual adult filaria on the immune response profile, chemokines and cytokines were quantified 1) in onchocerciasis patients who developed an occult O. volvulus infection (Mf-negative) due to repeated ivermectin treatments, 2) patients who became Mf-negative without ivermectin treatments due to missing re-infection, and 3) endemic and non-endemic O. volvulus Mf-negative controls. (nih.gov)
Activation3
- The regulatory mechanisms of activation and degranulation of eosinophils occur in three stages. (edu.pk)
- Histological analysis also revealed that CV treatment reduced DFE-induced eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into the skin, while analysis of serum chemokine levels indicated that CV treatment downregulated thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) levels. (oregonstate.edu)
- IL-5 is particularly essential for eosinophil activation, maturation, and survival. (medscape.com)
Mucosa1
- However, treatment with anti-IL-5 reduced infiltration of eosinophils and attenuated the expression of Epx (1.7 fold, P=0.667) and siglec F (4.4 fold, P=0.606) in the nasal mucosa. (cdc.gov)
CCL41
- In the human genome, CCL4 and many other CC chemokines is encoded by a single gene on chromosome 17 (17q11-q21). (wikipedia.org)
Concentration2
- Aggregation as a reversible and dynamic process depends largely on the concentration of chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
- Concentration of this chemokine has been shown to be inversely related with MicroRNA-125b. (wikipedia.org)
Granules in their cytoplasm1
- A prominent feature of the eosinophil is the presence of many spherical or ovoid granules in their cytoplasm. (edu.pk)