Mechanistic enzymologyBiosynthesisEnzymesMembraneEnzymeChemistrySecretoryBacterialSynthaseCoenzymesThioesterMetabolismReactionGlobularHeterologousHydrogenCompoundsFatty acidsCoenzymeMolecularComplexesPhosphorylationBoundMethodsEscherichiaSubstratesPolyketideOligomerizationMitochondrialCatalyzeMechanismsFoldPlantStudyInteractionsFunctionalRolesGenesProductionHighRoleGroupSpecificStructureDomain
Mechanistic enzymology1
- We are particularly interested in cellular physiology and the mechanistic enzymology of thiamin biosynthesis. (tamu.edu)
Biosynthesis3
- While the polyketides are extraordinarily diverse, they are produced by evolutionarily related proteins that share the molecular logic for polyketide biosynthesis 4 . (nature.com)
- I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
- My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)
Enzymes7
- The reaction sequence is carried out by a series of individual soluble proteins that are each encoded by a discrete gene, and the pathway intermediates are shuttled between the enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- These enzymes are found in a variety of biosynthetic contexts, which include fatty-acid activating enzymes, type I or type III polyketide synthases, dialkylresorcinol-generating enzymes, monooxygenases or Rieske proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most enzymes are globular proteins with high molecular weights. (pediaa.com)
- Enzymes are mainly globular proteins while coenzymes are organic molecules. (pediaa.com)
- We use genomics, enzymology and metabolomics-based technologies to determine the roles for specific genes, enzymes and metabolites in different conditions such as (1) bioplastic-precursor synthesis from waste carbon sources, (2) degradation of recalcitrant plastics in the environment, and (3) the ecology of the interactions between microplastics and Harmful Algal Blooms. (wisc.edu)
- Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (lookformedical.com)
- However, it is also used in other cellular processes, notably as a substrate of enzymes that add or remove chemical groups from proteins, in posttranslational modifications . (wikidoc.org)
Membrane9
- The fatty acid synthetic pathway is the principal route for the production of membrane phospholipid acyl chains in bacterial and plants. (wikipedia.org)
- The cytochrome b6f complex occupies a central position in the sequence of photosynthetic electron transport carriers, oxidizing plastoquinol (PQH 2) and providing the electron transfer connection between the two reaction center complexes, PS II and PS I, to which H + transfer is coupled, thus contributing to the trans-membrane. (rehabsociety.org.hk)
- Four protein complexes in the inner membrane make up the electron transport chain (ETC, also known as the electron transport system), which converts the redox energy stored as NADH and FADH 2 into chemical energy in the form of ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
- Fatty acids, which are often found in chains as CoA-esters, are first transported across the outer mitochondrial membrane by palmitoyl transferase I, resulting in translocation to the intermembrane space and transformation into an acyl-carnitine form. (biomedcentral.com)
- Subsequently, acyl-carnitines are translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane by cartinine acyl translocase. (biomedcentral.com)
- I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
- I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
- The trimeric Sec61/SecY complex is a protein-conducting channel (PCC) for secretory and membrane proteins. (cipsm.de)
- MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
Enzyme8
- In enzymology, a [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction malonyl-CoA + acyl carrier protein ⇌ CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein, whereas its two products are CoA and malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is malonyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- It acts as coenzyme and help in catalysing many enzyme reactions by activating either the substrate or the enzyme and providing energy, It also acts as carrier of phosphate group. (biologydiscussion.com)
- An enzyme and a coenzyme together form an enzymatically active conjugated protein called the holoenzyme. (biologydiscussion.com)
- The enzyme (protein) component of the holoenzyme is called an apoenzyme. (biologydiscussion.com)
- His Endocrinology research includes themes of Enzyme assay, Enzyme, Newborn screening, Myopathy and Acyl CoA dehydrogenase. (research.com)
- An enzyme is a biological macromolecule made up of proteins. (pediaa.com)
- An enzyme refers to a substance produced by living organisms to act as a biological catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction while a coenzyme refers to a non-protein compound necessary for the functioning of an enzyme. (pediaa.com)
Chemistry3
- N-Formimidoylation/-iminoacetylation modification in aminoglycosides requires FAD-dependent and ligand-protein NOS bridge dual chemistry. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- The Begley Group is interested in the mechanistic chemistry and enzymology of complex organic transformations, particularly those found on the vitamin biosynthetic pathways. (tamu.edu)
- Our research involves a combination of molecular biology, protein biochemistry, organic synthesis and structural studies and provides a strong training for students interested in understanding the organic chemistry of living systems and in pursuing careers in biotechnology, drug design or academia. (tamu.edu)
Secretory2
- Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is widely used for industrial production of heterologous proteins due to high secretory capabilities but selection of highly productive engineered strains remains a limiting. (biomedcentral.com)
- Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
Bacterial1
- DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Synthase1
- have devised a procedure to reconstitute E.Coli Fatty Acid Synthase using purified protein components (including FabD) and reported a detailed kinetic analysis of this in-vitro reconstituted system. (wikipedia.org)
Coenzymes2
- While facilitating the enzymatic action, coenzymes serve as intermediate carriers of electrons, specific atoms or functional groups between biochemical reactions. (pediaa.com)
- Some of the functional groups transferred by coenzymes are hydride ions, hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, and acyl groups. (pediaa.com)
Thioester2
- Malony-CoA:ACP Transacylase (FabD) is one such individual soluble protein and catalyzes the following reaction: malonyl-CoA + acyl carrier protein ⇌ CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] The transfer of malonate to acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) converts the acyl groups into thioester forms which are characteristic of acyl intermediates in fatty acid synthesis and which are strictly required for the condensation reactions catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
- Other names in common use include beta-ketoacyl-(ACP) reductase , beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase , beta-ketoacyl reductase , beta-ketoacyl thioester reductase , beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase , beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase , 3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase , NADPH-specific 3-oxoacyl-reductase , and 3-oxoacyl-reductase . (rediff.com)
Metabolism2
- Thiamin pyrophosphate plays a key role in the stabilization of the acyl carbanion synthon in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. (tamu.edu)
- Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
Reaction2
- On the other hand, each enzymatic activity (Condensation reaction, Reduction Reaction, Dehydration reaction) is found as a discrete protein in type II systems. (wikipedia.org)
- Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. (lookformedical.com)
Globular1
- Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. (lookformedical.com)
Heterologous1
- Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
Hydrogen1
- NAD, NADP, FMN and CoQ are hydrogen carrires, ATP transfers the phosphate group and CoA the acyl group. (biologydiscussion.com)
Compounds2
- These are usually organic compounds of complicated structure often acting as carriers of some chemical group. (biologydiscussion.com)
- Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
Fatty acids2
- Desaturation of the fatty acids in glycerolipids is catalyzed by acyl-lipid desaturase (Murata and Wada, 1995). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
- The ABC transporter proteins Pat1 and Pat2 are required for import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (research.com)
Coenzyme1
- The non-protein coenzyme is called the prosthetic group. (biologydiscussion.com)
Molecular1
- The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
Complexes1
- As electrons are shuttled through the complexes I, III and IV by electron carriers, protons (H + ) are moved from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation1
- FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Bound1
- Malonyl-CoA:ACP Transacylase uses a ping-pong kinetic mechanism with a bound malonyl ester as the acyl intermediate attached to a serine residue residing within a GHSLG pentapeptide. (wikipedia.org)
Methods3
- Methods in enzymology. (illinois.edu)
- These methods dramatically increase the likelihood of producing proteins that cannot fold or assemble appropriately. (cipsm.de)
- Frequently used methods are based on, for example, antigen-antibody systems, nucleic acid hybridization techniques, and protein-ligand systems. (justia.com)
Escherichia1
- Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)
Substrates1
- Organophosphorus hydrolase, containing a genetically introduced hexahistidine sequence (His 6 -OPH), attracts the attention of researchers by its promiscuous activity in hydrolytic reactions with various substrates, such as organophosphorus pesticides and chemical warfare agents, mycotoxins, and N -acyl homoserine lactones. (mdpi.com)
Polyketide1
- Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) were discovered in the 1990s in bacteria and thousands of these proteins have been identified since then. (nature.com)
Oligomerization1
- Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
Mitochondrial1
- The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
Catalyze1
- In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Mechanisms1
- The resulting complex can down-regulate protein production by several mechanisms, including inhibition of mRNA translation into protein and/or by enhancement of RNase H degradation of the mRNA transcripts. (justia.com)
Fold1
- The protein has an α/β type architecture, but the fold is unique. (wikipedia.org)
Plant1
- I published the first report of plant ER reticulon protein interactors by Co-IP and FRET-FLIM. (brookes.ac.uk)
Study2
- Most of us have watched the animation movies of the motor protein kinesin-1 walking on microtubules, or have seen the recent study on tracking motor protein dynamics with super-resolution microscopy (ref 1). (nature.com)
- We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
Interactions1
- Protein conformation is critically linked to function and often controlled by interactions with regulatory factors. (cipsm.de)
Functional1
- Recent structural work, in combination with functional studies, achieved new insight into how these proteins enable this synthetic feat 5,6 . (nature.com)
Roles1
- Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
Genes2
- Their organization as well as their protein sequences showed high similarity to those of other type II PKS genes. (nih.gov)
- The continuous region included the genes for the minimal PKS, consisting of ketosynthase I (aknB), ketosynthase II (aknC), and acyl carrier protein (aknD). (nih.gov)
Production1
- Expression systems for lactic acid bacteria have been developed for metabolic engineering applications as well as for food-grade recombinant protein production. (biomedcentral.com)
High1
- FabD (Acyl-Carrier-Protein S-Malonyltransferase) is a reasonable target given that a high resolution crystal structure is available. (wikipedia.org)
Role2
- I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
- The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
Group1
- This is carrier of sulphate group. (biologydiscussion.com)
Specific1
- Consequently, therapeutic oligonucleotides have tremendous potential for specificity of action (i.e. the down-regulation of a specific disease-related protein). (justia.com)
Structure1
- Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)