PeroxidationGlutathione peroxidaseHydroperoxidesOxidative stressCatalasePeroxidasesForm lipid peroxidesHydrogen peroxide producedProteinsAscorbic acidPeroxidaseSuperoxide radicalReactiveOxidationProteinAntioxidative enzymesMetabolismDamageOxygenInhibitLiverActivityLevelsHomogenatesAnionUltravioletFatty acidsActivitiesRadicalTissueSpermBiomarkerSignificantlyCarbohydrateTissuesBloodIndicatorFunctionalReaction
Peroxidation14
- 3. Dilute (0.5%, w/v) homogenates catalyse peroxidation over the range pH5.0-8.0 but concentrated (5%, w/v) homogenates inhibit peroxidation and destroy peroxide if the solution is more alkaline than pH7.0. (scienceopen.com)
- Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The studies demonstrate that D. salina exhibits potent protective effects on UVB radiation-induced corneal oxidative damage in mice, likely due to both the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. (molvis.org)
- Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
- However, spermatozoa's lipids are the main substrates for peroxidation, which may provoke severe functional disorder of sperm. (scialert.net)
- When the concentration of free radicals exceeds the neutralizing capability of the body's antioxidants, these highly reactive species can damage vital molecules such as DNA, RNA, enzymes and structural proteins and large amounts of membrane lipids though peroxidation. (nutrametrix.com)
- Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects vulnerable fatty acids in cell membranes from lipid peroxidation. (nutrametrix.com)
- The induction of oxidative stress is shown by increased levels of lipid peroxidation, total peroxide, superoxide anion and lipoxygenase activity. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Among all side effects induced by Cd, lipid peroxidation is the most harmful as it can lead to bio membrane deterioration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The effects of cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant responses and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in Vicia faba L. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid peroxidation) were measured. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- These changes in antioxidant enzyme activities were negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- The effect of submaximal exercises with different intensities on the blood lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities. (ksep-es.org)
- The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of various exercise intensities on the change of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities. (ksep-es.org)
- The lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the cardiac muscle. (bvsalud.org)
Glutathione peroxidase4
- Hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water by catalase or glutathione peroxidase. (dojindo.com)
- May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids. (joplink.net)
- Among the antioxidative enzymes examined, the renal glutathione peroxidase was found to be the most labile enzyme against MeHg exposure. (go.jp)
- Ozone also causes an increase in the NADH reducing process and helps to oxidize cytochrome C. There is a stimulation of the production of the enzymes which act as free radical scavengers and cell wall protectors: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. (silvermedicine.org)
Hydroperoxides2
- Glutathione peroxidases are a group of selenoprotein enzymes that reduce reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides to harmless products such as water and simple alcohols. (nutrametrix.com)
- Since the purified porcine enzyme has very little activity towards hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxides the protective effect is not likely to be exerted by its enzymatic activity. (joplink.net)
Oxidative stress3
- The administration of Al-induced oxidative stress and an increase of the enzyme activity of AChE. (scienceopen.com)
- In cells, antioxidants such as glutathione, mycothiol or bacillithiol, and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase, can prevent damage from oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
- The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also decreased in treated groups, implying increased oxidative stress. (niscpr.res.in)
Catalase8
- The brain tissues were sampled for histopathological examination, and biochemical analysis was conducted for estimating the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase and catalase (CAT), the levels of GSH and MDA, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. (scienceopen.com)
- Almost all organisms are protected to some extent against free radicals such as peroxide, hydroperoxide and lipid peroxyl damage by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase or compounds such as ascorbic acid (AA), tocopherols, phenolic acids, polyphenols, flavonoids and glutathione [ 16 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
- The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase showed a very high increase in activity in Cu+Zn treatment as compared to Cu or Zn alone-treated plants. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The CAT gene provides instructions for making pieces (subunits) of an enzyme called catalase. (medlineplus.gov)
- Catalase is active in cells and tissues throughout the body, where it breaks down hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) molecules into oxygen (O 2 ) and water (H 2 O). Hydrogen peroxide is produced through chemical reactions within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, additional reactions convert it into compounds called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
- However, it is unclear how polymorphisms in the CAT gene impact catalase activity, and how changes in the activity of this enzyme might influence a person's risk of developing these diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
- Goth L, Rass P, Pay A. Catalase enzyme mutations and their association with diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
Peroxidases1
- Glutathione peroxidases are key antioxidant enzymes, catalysing the decomposition of potentially toxic lipid peroxides. (elsevierpure.com)
Form lipid peroxides2
- 1. Homogenates of rat liver, spleen, heart and kidney form lipid peroxides when incubated in vitro and actively catalyse peroxide formation in emulsions of linoleic acid or linolenic acid. (scienceopen.com)
- Levels of lipid peroxides in rat caecum, blood, liver and kidney and the capacity of tissue homogenates to form lipid peroxides in vitro was enhanced after caecal amoebiasis in rats produced by Entamoeba histolytica (IB-1). (ias.ac.in)
Hydrogen peroxide produced2
- The HDL-cholesterol is acted upon by PEG-cholesterol oxidase, and the hydrogen peroxide produced from this reaction combines with 4-amino-antipyrine and HSDA under the action of peroxidase to form a purple/blue pigment that is measured photometrically at 600 nm (secondary wavelength = 700 nm). (cdc.gov)
- For example, hydrogen peroxide produced by bacteria in the mouth may accumulate in and damage soft tissues, leading to mouth ulcers and gangrene. (medlineplus.gov)
Proteins3
- Can someone guide me on the references of spectrophotometer methods used to measure enzymes or proteins newly discovered in the blood serum? (researchgate.net)
- What are the main references (book or research) for one or more, that specify methods for measuring newly discovered enzymes or proteins, in which simple manual methods are used. (researchgate.net)
- It has been shown to protect critical molecules in the body such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids from free radicals and reactive oxygen species (1). (nutrametrix.com)
Ascorbic acid2
- Comparison of protective effect of ascorbic acid on redox and endocannabinoid systems interactions in in vitro cultured human skin fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation and hydrogen peroxide. (edu.pl)
- In comparison to quercetin and ascorbic acid, the scavenging of superoxide radical (SOR), hydrogen peroxide, and 2, 2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity by a model (most biologically active) of the anticancer plant was also evaluated. (who.int)
Peroxidase2
- Malondialdehyde is a by-product of mutagenic lipid peroxidase [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- so at higher MDA, the lipid peroxidase production increases and causes turbidity [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Superoxide radical1
- Among enzymes, SOD is the first line of defense as it converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which is later reduced to water and oxygen either by APX in ascorbate-glutathione cycle or by GPX and CAT in cytoplasm and other cellular compartments [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive4
- However, if hydrogen peroxide is not completely reduced by these enzymes, it can generate an extremely reactive hydroxy radical when oxidized by iron (Fenton reaction). (dojindo.com)
- SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are much less oxidatively reactive. (dojindo.com)
- Our body uses selenium-dependent enzymes known as selenoproteins to neutralize reactive oxygen species as well as reactive nitrogen species. (nutrametrix.com)
- When the cholesterol measuring enzymes are modified with PEG, they are preferentially more reactive with HDL-cholesterol than the other cholesterol fractions. (cdc.gov)
Oxidation4
- Antioxidants in cosmetic products prevent oxidation of active ingredients and lipid content. (wikipedia.org)
- It has also been shown to reduce the lipid oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, thus promoting cardiovascular health (6). (nutrametrix.com)
- The weak enzyme coatings on cells which make them vulnerable to invasion by viruses make them susceptible to oxidation and elimination from the body, which then replaces them with healthy cells. (silvermedicine.org)
- At 24 h before and after operation, the levels of Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Cortisol (Cor), Norepinephrine (NE), Prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), Substance P (SP), Bradykinin (BK), Nitric Oxide (NO), Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) and Lipid Peroxide (LPO) were compared in all patients. (biomedres.info)
Protein2
- I am trying to measure GUS expression, and was wondering if anyone knew what concentration hydrogen peroxide inhibits the GUS protein? (researchgate.net)
- The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment. (hindawi.com)
Antioxidative enzymes1
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the most important antioxidative enzymes for scavenging toxic superoxides in vivo. (dojindo.com)
Metabolism3
- However, larger, adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials examining multiple measures of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and insulin homeostasis are needed. (lww.com)
- these enzymes promote hydrogen peroxide metabolism and protect cell membrane structure and function from oxidative damage. (biomedcentral.com)
- Designing studies for lipid-metabolism-related biomarker discovery is challenging because of the high prevalence of various statin and fibrate usage for lipid-lowering therapies. (cdc.gov)
Damage1
- The study aims to examine the effects of coenzyme Q10, (a bioenergetic antioxidant), on the indexes of left ventricular remodeling, oxidative damage, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with left ventricular dysfunction. (mdpi.com)
Oxygen2
- Oxygen activates various enzymes in cells and activated oxygen species are involved in the operation of cell functions. (dojindo.com)
- superoxide anion is then converted to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). (dojindo.com)
Inhibit1
- At what concentration does hydrogen peroxide inhibit enzyme activity? (researchgate.net)
Liver2
- On the contrary, the high cholesterol plus vitamin E group showed a significant decrease in the lipid peroxide levels of plasma, erythrocytes and liver compared to that of high cholesterol group. (scialert.net)
- The activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in post-mitochondrial fraction and the cytochrome P 450 contents in microsomal fraction decreased significantly, while lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease and cathepsin B showed an increase in the liver homogenates of infected animals. (ias.ac.in)
Activity3
- Hypochlorite ion, an ROS derived from hydrogen peroxide by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils, has germicidal activity. (dojindo.com)
- For example, in most neurodegenerative disorders, activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO - B) is elevated and levels of acetylcholine are either primarily or secondarily lowered. (vin.com)
- However, in plants salicylic acid is also reported to modulate the expression of numerous enzymes with antioxidant activity. (elsevierpure.com)
Levels8
- One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
- Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
- On the other hand, lipid peroxide levels in the high cholesterol group significantly elevated in comparison with the control group. (scialert.net)
- Rats were killed at 6-month intervals for examination of Hg accumulation, tissue levels of glutathione, metallothionein and lipid peroxide, as well as anti-oxidative enzyme activities. (go.jp)
- However, lipid peroxide levels elevated only in 1 ppm group. (go.jp)
- Blood lipid levels are the main elements of the cardiovascular disease laboratory in NHANES. (cdc.gov)
- A shortage of this enzyme can allow hydrogen peroxide to build up to toxic levels in certain cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- CAT gene polymorphisms may also be associated with high blood pressure ( hypertension ), a skin condition called vitiligo , thinning of the bones (osteoporosis), and elevated levels of cholesterol and other fats (lipids) in the blood, which increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. (medlineplus.gov)
Homogenates1
- 7. Lipid peroxide formation in linoleic acid or linolenic acid emulsions catalysed by tissue homogenates is partially inhibited by EDTA but stimulated by o-phenanthroline. (scienceopen.com)
Anion1
- Hydroxy radicals, which are produced from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction, cause multiple modifications in DNA. (dojindo.com)
Ultraviolet2
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause direct photooxidation and decompose peroxides and carbonyl molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- cheng chang, rong-liang zheng, effects of ultraviolet b on epidermal morphology, shedding, lipid peroxide, and antioxidant enzymes in cope's rat snake (elaphe taeniura). (wffc2021.com)
Fatty acids1
- Ozone reacts with the unsaturated fatty acids of the lipid layer in cellular membranes, forming hydro peroxides. (silvermedicine.org)
Activities2
- Excessive Cd treatments reduced chlorophyll contents, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and changes in plant nutrition concentrations in both roots and leaves. (biomedcentral.com)
- Less ROS accumulation, upregulation of ROS signaling genes and higher antioxidant enzyme activities post BNS resulted in resistance. (nature.com)
Radical1
- Hydroxy radical reacts with lipid to generate lipid peroxide. (dojindo.com)
Tissue1
- The ability of salicylic acid to modulate antioxidant enzymes in colon tissue may be an important mechanism in inhibiting colon cancer development. (elsevierpure.com)
Sperm1
- Instead, may protect sperm from premature acrosome reaction in the epididymis by binding to lipid peroxides, which might otherwise interact with phospholipase A2 and induce the acrosome reaction. (joplink.net)
Biomarker1
- I know the 'Biomarker Integration Data Expert System', but this system is more appropriated for worm enzymes than soil enzymes. (researchgate.net)
Significantly2
- The antioxidant markers, glucolytic, and gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly ameliorated and the elevated level of kidney biomarkers in the diabetic groups was restored. (hindawi.com)
- Results showed that while lipid peroxides were increased, white blood cell (WBC) count was decreased significantly in all treated groups. (niscpr.res.in)
Carbohydrate1
- This extract and some linear furanocoumarins exhibited carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory effect. (hindawi.com)
Tissues1
- Mechanisms of lipid peroxide formation in animal tissues. (scienceopen.com)
Blood1
- Haemoglobin is a serious problem during purification and analysis of antioxidant enzymes from red blood cells. (researchgate.net)
Indicator1
- We found that MDA and antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD and APX) contents may have considered a good indicator in determining Cd tolerance in strawberry plant. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
- Four identical subunits, each attached (bound) to an iron-containing molecule called a heme group, form the functional enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
Reaction2
- Furthermore, PPO and POD were identified as the key enzymes in the browning reaction in the studied cultivars. (auburn.edu)
- Subsequently a chemical reaction occurs between the enzyme and inhibitor to produce the covalently modified 'dead-end complex' EI* (an irreversible covalent complex). (ikksignal.com)