Enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl acetyl coenzyme a. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 also known as ACC-alpha or ACCa is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACACA gene. (wikipedia.org)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. (wikipedia.org)
N terminal acetylation or CH3CO as epigenetic regulation of Anti-Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase alpha (Ser80) by NATs.The Anti-Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase alpha (Ser80) is a α- or alpha protein sometimes glycoprotein present in blood.This antibody needs to be stored at + 4°C in a fridge short term in a concentrated dilution. (polabo.com)

ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems. (lookformedical.com)
Fatty acids represent a rich source of energy for gluconeogenesis , but glucose is not formed from their carbon atoms (with the exception of fatty acids with an odd number of C). Acetyl-CoA cannot be converted to either pyruvate or oxaloacetate - both carbons are split off as CO 2 during the Krebs cycle . (wikilectures.eu)

Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
Chronic high glucose dramatically influences β-cell lipid metabolism via substrate availability, changes in the activity and expression of enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism, and modifications in the expression level of key transcription factors. (diabetesjournals.org)
Because a decreased dependence on aerobic respiration becomes advantageous, cell metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis by the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters, and inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

However, as a compensatory response to reduce altered catabolism/ROS production, anabolic enzymes expression levels are also increased, resulting in higher gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis. (elifesciences.org)

Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4. (lookformedical.com)

Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. (wikipedia.org)
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. (ivy-way.com)

Chances are that a change to its molecular structure would disrupt its interaction with some enzyme molecule or other that is essential to the survival of the cell. (heresy.is)

The structure of the ribosome also suggests an evolutionary path along which RNA enzymes may have been replaced by protein enzymes in evolution. (heresy.is)
However, if the above scenario for the evolutionary replacement of RNA enzymes by protein enzymes is correct, why did a similar replacement not occur with cosubstrates? (heresy.is)
This occurs through the downregulation of methylmalonyl coenzyme A epimerase (MCEE), mediated by an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2-driven transcription factor Sp1/early growth response protein 1 transcriptional switch driven by metastatic signalling at its promoter level. (biomed.news)

Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
however, the combination of the reduction of an organic electron mediator on the carbon electrode and the H2 formation with the reduced mediator by the redox enzyme hydrogenase provides a H2‐forming cathodic reaction comparable to that of the noble metal electrode. (nara-wu.ac.jp)
2-Hydroxybutyric acid is formed as a by-product of the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH). (pathbank.org)

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (lookformedical.com)

The enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) links oxidative phosphorylation to de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. (biomed.news)

Like ribosomes, other RNA enzymes may at first have coopted peptides as structural components, and possibly as coenzymes. (heresy.is)

As the name suggests, the enzyme is under strict hormonal control. (wikilectures.eu)

Deficiency of biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, may occur from nutritional causes, but more commonly results from deficiencies of enzymes involved in biotin homeostasis (e.g. biotinidase deficiency ). (medscape.com)
Enzymes catalyzing the so-called ω- and α-oxidation occur on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum . (wikilectures.eu)
Nucleotides also occur as parts of more complex cosubstrates and coenzymes, three of which are shown here. (heresy.is)

Our genetic, pharmacological, and behavioral analyses suggest that in sir-2.1(0) and older wild-type males, enhanced catabolic enzymes expression, coupled with the reduced expression of ROS-scavengers contribute to the behavioral decline. (elifesciences.org)

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (lookformedical.com)
A class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of C-C, C-O, and C-N, and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation. (lookformedical.com)

In contrast, a cosubstrate such as ATP or NADH inhabits a much more complex world, containing a very large number of interacting enzymes. (heresy.is)

The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
High levels of 1-MHis tend to inhibit the enzyme carnosinase and increase anserine levels. (pathbank.org)

Three important carboxylation events, such as the transformation of pyruvate into oxalacetate, acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA into methyl malonyl-CoA, all require vitamin B7 as a cofactor. (researchgate.net)
Which statement is NOT true of the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? (easynotecards.com)
Which compound is NOT required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA? (easynotecards.com)
Which combination of cofactors is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA? (easynotecards.com)
Glucose labeled with 14C in C-3 and C-4 is completely converted to acetyl-CoA via glycolysis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (easynotecards.com)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 also known as ACC-alpha or ACCa is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACACA gene. (wikipedia.org)

Deficiency of biotin, a water-soluble B vitamin, may occur from nutritional causes, but more commonly results from deficiencies of enzymes involved in biotin homeostasis (e.g. biotinidase deficiency). (medscape.com)
In addition to biotin's well-known role as a cofactor in carboxylation reactions, recent studies have shown that biotin plays important roles in the regulation of gene expression and immune function. (medscape.com)
Biotin functions as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions involving lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. (medscape.com)
3] The enzyme holocarboxylase synthetase (HCLS) catalyzes the addition of biotin (biotinylation) to the inactive apoform, which leads to the formation of the active carboxylase. (medscape.com)
In all 5 carboxylases, biotin functions as a coenzyme or prosthetic group that serves as a carrier for CO2 in a multistep reaction. (medscape.com)
Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as an essential coenzyme for five carboxylases in mammals. (researchgate.net)
Biotin-dependent carboxylases catalyze the fixation of bicarbonate in organic acids and play crucial roles in the metabolism of fatty acids, amino acids and glucose. (researchgate.net)
Bicarbonate as a source of CO2 is required in the initial reaction for carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in the presence of ATP & Acetyl-CoA carboxylase that requires vitamin Biotin.requires vitamin Biotin. (dokumen.tips)

Ad libitum access to a Western-style diet was provided after weaning, and the plasma metabolome, liver histopathology, liver enzyme activity, and gene expression were analyzed. (nih.gov)

Long-chain fatty acid were broken down in to smaller acetyl coA by fatty acid oxidation or mitochondrial beta (β)-oxidation pathway. (arccjournals.com)
The Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Beta ( ACACB or ACC-β or ACC2 ) plays a key role in β-oxidation pathway. (arccjournals.com)
Tumors or cancer cell types where enzymes in each pathway have been specifically observed to by dysregulated are described within the text and summarized in Table 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, enzymes in the glyoxylate shunt pathway (e.g. (medscape.com)
1) ATP + acetate = acetyl phosphate -+ ADP (2) Acetyl phosphate + CoA = acetyl CoA + phosphate In animal tissues (8-11), yeast (12, 13), plants (14), and Rhodospirillum rubrum (15), another pathway of acetate activation has been demon- strated. (nih.gov)

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Beta ( ACACB ) plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and was known to be involved in production of very-long-chain fatty acid and other compounds needed for proper development. (arccjournals.com)
It chiefly involved in the production of malonyl-coA, a potent inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-I) enzyme needed in transport of long-chain fatty acyl-coAs to the mitochondria for β-oxidation. (arccjournals.com)
Bound to enzymes that catalyze the oxidation or reduction of a substrate. (flashcardmachine.com)

Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
Citrate is central to mitochondrial metabolism and respiration and plays fundamental activities in the cytosol, serving as a metabolic substrate, an allosteric enzymatic regulator and, as the source of Acetyl-Coenzyme A, also as an epigenetic modifier. (nih.gov)
Recent characterizations of metabolic enzymes as tumor suppressors and oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming have reinvigorated interest in cancer metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

In HepG2 hepatocytes, polyphenols, including resveratrol (a major polyphenol in red wine), apigenin, and S17834 (a synthetic polyphenol), increased phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and they increased activity of AMPK with 200 times the potency of metformin. (typeset.io)

the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine and the isomerization of methylmalonyl coenzyme A (CoA) that is produced during the degradation of some amino acids (isoleucine, valine, threonine, and methionine), and fatty acids with odd numbers of carbon atoms. (flashcardmachine.com)
Oxaloacetate uniformly labeled with 14C (i.e., with equal amounts of 14C in each of its carbon atoms) is condensed with unlabeled acetyl-CoA. (easynotecards.com)

This involves a reaction of ATP, acetate, and CoA, resulting in a split of ATP with the formation of acetyl CoA, A5P, and PP, and has been termed the aceto-CoA-kinase reaction (12, 16). (nih.gov)
In a recent study of the mechanism of Reaction 3, Jones, Lipmann, Hilz, and Lynen (20) reported that a partially purified enzyme preparation from yeast catalyzed an exchange of PP and ATP in the absence of acetate and CoA. (nih.gov)
They also found that acetate-C' exchanged with the acety] group of acetyl CoA in the absence of A5P and PP. To account for these observa- tions, the following mechanism was proposed (20). (nih.gov)
991 992 MECHANISM OF ACETATE ACTIVATION (4) ATP + enzyme = enzyme - A5P + PP (5) Enzyme - A&P + CoA = enzyme - CoA + A5P (6) Enzyme ~ CoA + acetate = acetyl CoA + enzyme Since the existence of the postulated enzyme-bound substrates was inferred solely from isotope exchange experiments, we investigated this hy- pothesis once more to obtain further information on the nature of the inter- mediates and the mechanism of their formation. (nih.gov)
With a more highly puri- fied enzyme than that previously employed, it has been found that the exchange of PP and ATP does not occur unless acetate is added. (nih.gov)
7) ATP + acetate = adenyl acetate + PP (8) Adenyl acetate + CoA = acetyl CoA + A5P A preliminary communication of this work has been reported elsewhere (21). (nih.gov)

The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
E) The condensing enzyme is subject to allosteric regulation by ATP and NADH. (easynotecards.com)

The diagnosis of PC deficiency is established in a proband by identification of PC enzyme deficiency in fibroblasts or lymphoblasts. (nih.gov)
In individuals with PC deficiency, fibroblast PC enzyme activity is usually less than 5% of that observed in controls. (nih.gov)

TRIM21 ubiquitinates and degrades ChREBP, SREBP1, ACC1, and FASN, key regulators of de novo lipogenesis, and A1CF, an alternative splicing regulator of the high-activity ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C) isoform and rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism. (jci.org)

Evidence suggests that low-dose MTX blocks purine nucleotide biosynthesis at a folate-dependent step catalyzed by ami-noimidazole carboxamide (AICA) ribotide (AICAR) trans-formylase, and that this produces immunosuppression via adenosine accumulation ( 19 , 20 ) ( Fig. 91.1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)

The apparently analogous formation of an amino acid acyl adenylate in the reaction of t-methionine with ATP by an enzyme from yeast has been briefly mentioned earlier (21) and will be reported in detail in an accompanying paper (23). (nih.gov)

found that feeding broilers a diet containing a high crude protein (CP) level suppressed the mRNA expression of acetyl coenzyme carboxylase ( ACC ), in a comparison of low-protein and high-protein diets. (arccjournals.com)

C) 50% of the acetyl-CoA will be labeled, all at C-2 (methyl). (easynotecards.com)

What percentage of the acetyl-CoA molecules formed will be labeled with 14C, and in which position of the acetyl moiety will the 14C label be found? (easynotecards.com)
D) No label will be found in the acetyl-CoA molecules. (easynotecards.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms18

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs141

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Carboxylase3

Fatty4

Glucose3

Lipid1

Nomenclature1

Proteins1

Reactions4

Molecule1

Protein3

Reaction3

Mitochondrial1

Synthesis1

Structural1

Suggests1

Occur3

Expression1

Class2

Complex1

Levels2

Pyruvate5

ACACA1

Biotin8

Gene1

Pathway5

Oxidation3

Metabolic3

Downstream1

Atoms2

Acetate6

Allosteric2

Deficiency2

Lipogenesis1

Nucleotide biosynthesis1

Yeast1

Protein1

Methyl1

Found2