DehydrogenasesSubstrateProteinsCatalyticSynthesisReactionsAlcoholsAldehyde dehydrogenaseHydrolaseDeficiencyNADHHydrolasesReductaseTypes of EnzymesHeterologously expressedAldehydesFALDHHydrolytic enzymesNADPHLipid metabolismAminoActivity of these enzymesDehydrogenationSystematicInhibitionHydroxysteroidsProstaglandinReactionPyruvateClassificationTransferasesConvertsZincSubstratesGroup DonorsDeficientMetabolismTransaminaseProteinNomenclatureDigestive enzymesOxidaseMoleculesMetabolicOxidativeBiocatalystsReductionConsistsCytochrome
Dehydrogenases12
- Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) or oxidoreductases catalyze the interconversion of alcohol and carbonyl functions in a position- and stereospecific manner on the steroid nucleus and side chain, using oxidized (+) or reduced (H) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD(H), or NADP(H) as cofactors. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenases (HSD17Bs) form an enzyme family characterized by their ability to catalyze reactions in steroid and lipid metabolism. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- Through the simultaneous combination of stereocomplementary alcohol dehydrogenases and ω-transaminases, we have developed a cascade for the synthesis of all stereoisomers of nor(pseudo)ephedrines with excellent optical purities and high yields. (hims-biocat.eu)
- Dehydrogenases catalyze the conversion of carbonyl compounds to alcohols or amino acids. (umbc.edu)
- We focus our particular attention at application of hydrolytic enzymes (in particular lipases) in kinetic resolutions of racemic alcohols or esters, but more recently, thanks to co-operation with Prof. Wolfgang Kroutil from The University of Graz, we also extended our research towards stereoselective biocatalytic (hydrogen transfer) reductions of prochiral ketones and keto-esters catalyzed by recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and/or wild-type microbial whole cells. (edu.pl)
- Many alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze oxidation of a broad scope of alcohols. (rcsb.org)
- The agreement grants DSM rights to c-LEcta's proprietary alcohol dehydrogenases for enzyme-screening programs and for developing manufacturing routes for APIs and intermediates. (pharmtech.com)
- Alcohol dehydrogenases are used to synthesize chiral alcohols from ketones. (pharmtech.com)
- An octameric enzyme belonging to the superfamily of amino acid dehydrogenases. (lookformedical.com)
- Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) constitute a large family of NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases, sharing sequence motifs and displaying similar mechanisms. (researchgate.net)
- in their interesting paper [ 1 ] focus their attention mainly on retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs), which are enzymes converting retinal into retinoic acid (RA). (silverchair.com)
Substrate16
- We collected kinetics data of this enzyme towards a number of short chain alcohols, and found that isopropanol is by far the most favorable substrate. (rcsb.org)
- If an enzyme is added to a solution containing substrate, the substrate is converted to product, rapidly at first, and then more slowly, as the concentration of substrate decreases and the concentration of product increases. (cliffsnotes.com)
- The more substrate is present, the greater the initial velocity, because enzymes act to bind to their substrates. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Just as any other chemical reaction can be favored by increasing the concentration of a reactant, the formation of an enzyme‐substrate complex can be favored by a higher concentration of substrate. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Because if the substrate concentration gets high enough, the enzyme spends all its time carrying out catalysis and no time waiting to bind substrate. (cliffsnotes.com)
- In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. (lookformedical.com)
- Heat cannot be added to a living system, so enzymes provide an alternate pathway: they bond with a substrate (the substance involved in the chemical reaction) to form a "transition state," an unstable intermediate complex that requires less energy for the reaction to proceed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Only a very small portion of the enzyme, approximately ten amino acids, comes into direct contact with the substrate(s). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This region, where the binding of the substrate(s) and the reaction occur, is known as the active site of the enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- An enzyme combines with its substrate(s) to form a short-lived enzyme-substrate complex. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- There are two models to explain how the binding of enzyme and substrate occurs: the "lock and key" model and induced fit. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- To account for the specificity of enzymes, Emil Fischer proposed that the enzyme had a particular shape into which the substrate(s) fit exactly. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This model of exact fit, introduced in the 1890s, is often referred to as the "lock and key" model, because the enzyme binding to a substrate is analogous to the specific fit of a lock into a key. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The active site of an enzyme can be modified as the substrate interacts with the enzyme, creating an "induced fit" between enzyme and substrate. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. (cancerindex.org)
- The activity of this enzyme is commonly assayed using a leucine arylamide chromogenic substrate such as leucyl beta-naphthylamide. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins9
- FAO is a complex enzyme which consists of two separate proteins that sequentially catalyze the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty aldehyde and fatty acid. (jci.org)
- [ 16 ] Schiff-base aldehyde adducts with other amino-containing molecules, including key membrane enzymes and proteins, may also be detrimental to their function. (medscape.com)
- Proteolytic enzymes are those that help in the breakdown of proteins. (studyread.com)
- Other hydrolases function as digestive enzymes, for example, by breaking the peptide bonds in proteins. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Most enzymes are proteins , though certain nucleic acids , called ribozymes , are also capable of catalytic activity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Enzymes (and other proteins) are composed of amino acid chains called polypeptide chains. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The gene encodes a single polypeptide containing homologs of two proteins that catalyze sequential steps in the formaldehyde detoxification pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ciliate.org)
- This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. (cancerindex.org)
- These enzymes were identified as members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family of proteins. (silverchair.com)
Catalytic4
- In addition, one of our favorite research topics is computational biology, which helps us to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and molecular basis of catalytic behavior of enzymes that we use in vitro in our daily routine. (edu.pl)
- The rate of reaction is determined early in the progress curve-very little product is present, but the enzyme has gone through a limited number of catalytic cycles. (cliffsnotes.com)
- The amino acids side chains that make up the active site are molded into a precise shape, which enables the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- is inclusive of papers focused on stucture, function, and properties of enzymes as well as catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of enzymes, mechanisms of drug action, and related advances on enzymes. (mdpi.com)
Synthesis5
- [ 13 ] In cultured skin keratinocytes, elevated fatty alcohol is diverted into the synthesis of wax esters and alkyldiacylglycerol lipids. (medscape.com)
- Our group has contributed with a book chapter entitled "Enzymes Applied to the Synthesis of Amines" to the book entitled "Biocatalysis for Practitioners - Techniques, Reactions and Applications" edited by prof. Gonzalo de Gonzalo and prof. Iván Lavandera and published by Wiley. (hims-biocat.eu)
- 1. Fischer, D., Ebenau-Jehle, C. and Grisebach, H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and characterization of NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase from elicitor-challenged soybean cell cultures. (qmul.ac.uk)
- These conjugates can be used as substrates for various kinds of polymerizing enzymes in the enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acids. (justia.com)
- The reaction scheme might be: the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of phenylpropanoid radicals that are orientated in such a way to obtain the desired stereospecific coupling by the dirigent protein. (tuscany-diet.net)
Reactions6
- The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. (lookformedical.com)
- The first three reactions reduce the carboxylic group of the hydroxycinnamates to alcohol group, with formation of the corresponding alcohols, called monolignols, that is, p-coumaric alcohol, sinapyl alcohol and coniferyl alcohol. (tuscany-diet.net)
- Enzymes are essential to sustain life because most chemical reactions in biological cells , such as the digestion of food, would occur too slowly or would lead to different products without the activity of enzymes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Like all catalysts, enzymes work to lower the activation energy of a reaction, or the initial energy input necessary for most chemical reactions to occur. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Enzymes may speed up reactions by a factor of many millions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Enzymes are usually specific, or unique, to the reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Alcohols5
- FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of medium- and long-chain fatty aldehydes, derived from fatty alcohols or not, to the corresponding carboxylic acids ( Fig 1 ). (ajnr.org)
- In Sjögren-Larsson syndrome , FALDH deficiency impairs fatty alcohol oxidation and leads to accumulation of 16- and 18-carbon-long aliphatic alcohols. (medscape.com)
- A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD . (nih.gov)
- For example, alcohol dehydrogenase converts primary alcohols to aldehydes. (cliffsnotes.com)
- These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. (cancerindex.org)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase5
- [ 3 ] Subsequent studies identified a defect in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex. (medscape.com)
- Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (jci.org)
- To determine which enzymatic component of FAO was deficient in SLS, we assayed fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) and fatty alcohol dehydrogenase in cultured fibroblasts from seven unrelated SLS patients. (jci.org)
- The defect in fatty alcohol oxidation in SLS is caused by the deficiency of microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH, EC 1.2.1.48), a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD + oxidoreductase enzyme complex ( 6 , 7 ). (ajnr.org)
- which is catalyzed by the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric nadp-preferring. (hmdb.ca)
Hydrolase2
- These enzymes, like hydrolase and renin, are found in the blood. (studyread.com)
- A zinc containing enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal amino acid from most L-peptides, particularly those with N-terminal leucine residues but not those with N-terminal lysine or arginine residues. (lookformedical.com)
Deficiency7
- Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome caused by a genetic enzyme deficiency in lipid metabolism. (ajnr.org)
- There are many fatal disorders linked to enzyme deficiency. (studyread.com)
- But unlike systemic enzymes, they can be substituted externally in case of deficiency. (studyread.com)
- In case of deficiency, similar digestive enzymes obtained from other sources can be administered for therapeutic effect. (studyread.com)
- Most inherited human diseases result from a genetic mutation , overproduction, or deficiency of a single critical enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- a deficiency of this enzyme leads to a loss of the iodotyrosine derivatives and iodine from the thyroid and results in goiter. (theodora.com)
- Furthermore, impaired DNA repair capacity was suggested to associate with enhanced susceptibility to cancer and deficiency in DNA repair enzyme, human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1(hOGG1), a key enzyme responsible for 8-oxo-dGua repair, may also be involved in carcinogenesis [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
NADH3
- In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen. (nih.gov)
- LSADH catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of some ketones with high enantiomeric excesses: phenyl trifluoromethyl ketone to (S)-1-phenyltrifluoroethanol (>99% e.e.), acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethanol (99% e.e.), and 2-heptanone to (R)-2-heptanol (>99% e.e.) in the presence of 2-propanol without an additional NADH regeneration system. (brenda-enzymes.info)
- A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. (lookformedical.com)
Hydrolases2
- Hydrolases are those that catalyze the breakdown of molecules by the addition of water molecules. (studyread.com)
- These enzymes, termed hydrolases, break single bonds by adding the elements of water. (cliffsnotes.com)
Reductase4
- This family includes MurB an UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase enzyme EC:1.1.1.158. (unl.edu)
- In the second step, a NADPH-dependent cinnamoyl-CoA: oxidoreductase, also called cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (EC1.2.1.44) catalyzes the formation of the corresponding aldehydes, and the release of coenzyme A. (tuscany-diet.net)
- As an example of biocatalysis at work, Almac carried out preliminary screening to show that a carbonyl reductase (CRED) bioreduction could replace a resolution for preparing a chiral alcohol. (pharmtech.com)
- The MDR superfamily with ~350-residue subunits contains the classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase and many more forms. (researchgate.net)
Types of Enzymes1
- Types of enzymes based on physiological location. (studyread.com)
Heterologously expressed1
- The engineered strain converts glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase AOR and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Aldehydes1
- FALDH catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain fatty aldehydes (here, octadecanal) to the corresponding carboxylic acid. (ajnr.org)
FALDH7
- The definitive test for Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is measurement of FALDH or fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase in cultured skin fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
- The genetic defect in Sjögren-Larsson syndrome results in deficient activity of FALDH, which catalyzes the oxidation of fatty aldehyde to fatty acid. (medscape.com)
- All SLS cells were selectively deficient in the FALDH component of FAO, and had normal activity of fatty alcohol dehydrogenase. (jci.org)
- Intact SLS fibroblasts oxidized octadecanol to fatty acid at less than 10% of the normal rate, but oxidized free octadecanal normally, suggesting that the FALDH affected in SLS is chiefly involved in the oxidation of fatty alcohol to fatty acid. (jci.org)
- These results show that the primary enzymatic defect in SLS is the FALDH component of the FAO complex, which leads to deficient oxidation of fatty aldehyde derived from fatty alcohol. (jci.org)
- [ 8 ] FALDH is a component of the fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase enzyme complex that catalyzes the sequential oxidation of fatty alcohol to aldehyde and fatty acid. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome have deficient activity of FALDH and fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase, which results in defective metabolism of both fatty aldehyde and fatty alcohol. (medscape.com)
Hydrolytic enzymes1
- This phytopathogen has an abundance of secreted oxidases, peroxidases, and hydrolytic enzymes for degrading cell wall polysaccharides and lignocelluloses to penetrate into the host tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
NADPH1
- In the last step, a NADPH-dependent cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, also called monolignol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.195), catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde group to an alcohol group, with the formation of the aforementioned monolignols. (tuscany-diet.net)
Lipid metabolism1
- Two decades later, Sjögren-Larsson syndrome was shown to be an inborn error of lipid metabolism caused by deficient activity of fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase. (medscape.com)
Amino5
- The functional groups transferred by these lyase enzymes include amino groups, water, and ammonia. (cliffsnotes.com)
- A small chain of 150 amino acids making up an enzyme has an extraordinary number of possible folding configurations: if it tested 10 12 different configurations every second, it would take about 10 26 years to find the right one (Lewis 2005). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- An enzyme might contain only one polypeptide chain, typically linking one hundred or more amino acids, or it might consist of several polypeptide chains that act together as a unit. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination of branched-chain AMINO ACIDS to 2-oxoglutarate. (lookformedical.com)
- SDR enzymes have critical roles in lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, cofactor, hormone and xenobiotic metabolism as well as in redox sensor mechanisms. (researchgate.net)
Activity of these enzymes2
- By inhibiting the activity of these enzymes, aspirin suppresses our experience of pain and inflammation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The authors emphasized the need for the search for the compounds having an influence on the activity of these enzymes because of their potential use in cancer therapy. (silverchair.com)
Dehydrogenation1
- Enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of secondary amines, introducing a C=N double bond as the primary reaction. (rush.edu)
Systematic1
- The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. (lookformedical.com)
Inhibition1
- This enzyme inhibition sometimes has untoward side effects like gastric pain. (studyread.com)
Hydroxysteroids1
- Which is the group of oxidoreductases that dehydrodeze hydroxysteroids? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
Prostaglandin3
- Also called COX enzymes or Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. (studyread.com)
- Aspirin works by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2, the enzymes that produce prostaglandin, a hormonal messenger that signals inflammation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ), and the oxidation of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 to PGD2. (cancerindex.org)
Reaction7
- These enzymes also catalyze the reverse reaction, acting as ketosteroid reductases (KSRs). (wikipedia.org)
- For example, the three curves in Figure represent progress curves for an enzyme under three different reaction conditions. (cliffsnotes.com)
- An enzyme is a biological catalyst that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction in a living organism. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Yet, a denatured enzyme can refold within fractions of a second and then precisely react in a chemical reaction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Like any catalyst, the enzyme remains unaltered by the completed reaction and can therefore continue to interact with substrates. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- similar to that of CYP2C9, thereby obviating kinetic approaches for determining the contribution of the former enzyme to this microsomal drug-metabolizing reaction. (aspetjournals.org)
- The system that removes these toxic reactive oxygen species includes a host of enzymes: Glutathione peroxidase (GPX): GPX detoxifies peroxides with Glutathione acting as an electron donor in the reduction reaction, producing glutathione disulfide as an end product. (newbeginningsmedical.com)
Pyruvate3
- LDHs catalyze the last step of glycolysis in which pyruvate is converted to L-lactate. (umbc.edu)
- MDH is one of the key enzymes in the citric acid cycle, facilitating both the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate and replenishing levels of oxalacetate by reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. (umbc.edu)
- The AOR/AdhA pathway also converts exogenously added aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohol using glucose, pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant. (brenda-enzymes.info)
Classification1
- His Enzyme research is included under the broader classification of Organic chemistry. (research.com)
Transferases1
- These enzymes, called transferases , move functional groups from one molecule to another. (cliffsnotes.com)
Converts2
- What enzyme converts cortisol to cortisone? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
- This is an enzyme that converts alcohol into an aldehyde. (studyread.com)
Zinc3
- Similarly, if this enzyme is overloaded with copper, it loses zinc and again leads to disorder. (studyread.com)
- Zinc binding to the peptide replica and analogs to residues 93-115 of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was examined by competition of the peptides and the chromophoric chelator 4-(2- pyridylazo)resorcinol for zinc and X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc ligands. (researchgate.net)
- In the enzyme, zinc is coordinated by four Cys residues. (researchgate.net)
Substrates3
- In our paper published in the ACS journal Organic Process Research & Development, we present the concept of using multi-enzyme cascades for the conversion of bio-based, renewable and low-cost substrates into high-value chiral products. (hims-biocat.eu)
- VAO catalyzes the oxidation of a wide variety of substrates, ranging form aromatic amines to 4-alkylphenols. (unl.edu)
- Most enzymes are larger than the substrates on which they act. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Group Donors3
- Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors" by people in this website by year, and whether "Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
Deficient2
- Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited disorder associated with impaired fatty alcohol oxidation due to deficient activity of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase (FAO). (jci.org)
- Although expression of CYP2C19 in human liver is less than that of CYP2C9, it may play an important role in tolbutamide disposition in subjects expressing either high levels of CYP2C19 or a catalytically deficient CYP2C9 enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)
Metabolism1
- An enzyme involved in the metabolism of ASCORBIC ACID and aldarate. (nih.gov)
Transaminase1
- The kits contain 24 enzymes from Codexis's collection of biocatalyst variants from two enzyme classes: ketoreductase and transaminase. (pharmtech.com)
Protein6
- Simple enzymes are those which are made of only a protein part and nothing else. (studyread.com)
- Complex enzymes are those which have a protein part and also a non-protein part. (studyread.com)
- The non-protein part plays a key role in the action of enzymes besides protein. (studyread.com)
- The protein part is called apo-enzyme and the non-protein part is a prosthetic group. (studyread.com)
- For instance, many household cleaners use enzymes to speed up the breakdown of protein or starch stains on clothes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- 8-oxo-dGuo expressions as well as protein and mRNA expressions of DNA repair enzyme hOGG1 and antioxidant defenses (CAT, GCLC, GPx, Nrf2, and MnSOD) in nonneoplastic epidermis of control and BCC tissues were also determined. (hindawi.com)
Nomenclature3
- Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1. (lookformedical.com)
- Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6. (lookformedical.com)
- Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). (lookformedical.com)
Digestive enzymes2
- Ex: Digestive enzymes. (studyread.com)
- Ex: digestive enzymes like amylase, pepsin, etc. (studyread.com)
Oxidase2
- One of the enzymes Vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO) has a solved structure, the alignment includes the FAD binding site, called the PP-loop, between residues 99-110. (unl.edu)
- mitomycin radical oxidase, this enzyme oxidises the reduced form of mitomycins and is involved in mitomycin resistance. (unl.edu)
Molecules1
- Enzymes can be affected by molecules that increase their activity (activators) or decrease their activity (inhibitors). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Metabolic2
- [ 15 ] New insight into the pathogenesis of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is emerging from knowledge about the metabolic role of this enzyme. (medscape.com)
- To date, rational design of gas-fermenting bacteria such as changing the expression levels of individual enzymes to obtain the desired pathway flux is challenging, because pathway design must follow a verifiable metabolic blueprint indicating where interventions should be executed. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidative2
- Leucine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of L-LEUCINE, to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (2-ketoisocaproate) and AMMONIA, with the corresponding reduction of the cofactor NAD+. (lookformedical.com)
- When the body is in a state of excess oxidative stress the expression of this enzyme is induced. (newbeginningsmedical.com)
Biocatalysts3
- Prediction and rationalization of stereoselectivity (stereopreference) of enzymes as biocatalysts. (edu.pl)
- The launch of the selectAZyme line of biocatalysts follows Almac's $4-million investment in biocatalysis R&D. Research areas include new biocatalytic platforms for producing chiral intermediates, hyperactivation of biocatalysts for reducing enzyme loadings, developing drivers for cofactor recycling, and mitigating problems with equilibriums. (pharmtech.com)
- The agreement grants DSM rights to use Codexis's custom biocatalysts and services and secures a supply of Codexis enzymes for commercialization of pharmaceutical manufacturing routes developed by DMS's InnoSyn route-scouting service. (pharmtech.com)
Reduction1
- Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES. (lookformedical.com)
Consists2
- This family consists of various enzymes that use FAD as a co-factor, most of the enzymes are similar to oxygen oxidoreductase. (unl.edu)
- Retinol is a 20-carbon alcohol that consists of a cyclohexenyl ring and side chain with four double bonds (all in trans configuration), hence the name all-trans-retinol. (silverchair.com)
Cytochrome1
- Tolbutamide is a sulfonylurea-type oral hypoglycemic agent whose action is terminated by hydroxylation of the tolylsulfonyl methyl moiety catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes of the human CYP2C subfamily. (aspetjournals.org)