• For the research on glycosyltransferases, funded by DFG-SFB 578, recombinant high-level expression systems have been constructed and are used to investigate the acceptor substrate specificity of the glycosyltransferase R (GtfR). (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Glucuronidation reactions are catalyzed by enzymes of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT 1 ) gene superfamily. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Through enzyme engineering, applying a metagenomic approach as well as directed and random formats of mutagenesis, we were able to generate libraries of variants possessing diversified substrate ranges that expand our synthetic capabilities for combinatorial compound synthesis. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. (nature.com)
  • Sulfotransferase enzymes catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotic compounds. (origene.com)
  • The individual forms of UGT (isoforms) tend to exhibit distinct, but overlapping, substrate specificities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, hydroxylation by dioxygenases generates potential substrates for the glycosyltransferases. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • However, only a limited number of GEs have been biochemically characterized and structurally determined to date, limiting our understanding of these enzymes and their potential exploration. (proteopedia.org)
  • Further, improved enzymatic saccharification of milled corn cob by a commercial lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail when supplemented with GEs showcased their synergistic potential with other enzyme types on native biomass. (proteopedia.org)
  • The kinetics of M3G formation by the UGT1A family isoforms was consistent with a single enzyme Michaelis-Menten model, with apparent K m values ranging from 2.6 to 37.4 mM. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Several enzymes with higher catalytic efficiencies on a wider range of model substrates than previously characterized fungal GEs were identified. (proteopedia.org)
  • These data suggest that M6G formation may be used as a selective probe for UGT2B7 activity, and morphine glucuronidation by UGT2B7 appears to involve the simultaneous binding of two substrate molecules, highlighting the need for careful analysis of morphine glucuronidation kinetics in vitro. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • In agreement with GSS activity localization in vivo , we identified six genes encoding arylsulfatase-like enzymes with a predicted C-terminal transmembrane domain, of which five showed GSS activity upon heterologous expression in insect cells. (nature.com)
  • Although morphine is occasionally used as a substrate probe for UGT2B7, there have been no systematic studies of the UGT isoforms involved in morphine 3- and 6-glucuronidation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The catalytic amino acid residues are located within deep grooves which extend across the enzymes and which probably bind the substrates. (rcsb.org)
  • Therefore, knowledge of the catalytic specificities and regulation of individual P450 forms is of paramount importance in predicting and/or rationalizing species, strain, and individual differences in xenobiotic metabolism as well as metabolic interactions between compounds, both endogenous and exogenous. (nih.gov)
  • Such compounds have also proven valuable as probes of the catalytic mechanism of cytochromes P450, for identifying amino acid residues of importance for the various functions of the enzyme, for assessing the physiological roles of P450-derived oxidation products of endogenous compounds, in chemical-induced models of acute hepatic porphyria, and for studying protein turnover. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Crystal structure of the de-ubiquitinating enzyme UCH37 (human UCH-L5) catalytic domain. (nih.gov)
  • The N-terminal amino acid sequence and the catalytic function of the purified enzyme were identical to those of Lr P-II. (hindawi.com)
  • 30054468 ). These enzymes consist of three main oligomeric complexes NatA, NatB, and NatC, which are composed of at least a unique catalytic subunit and one unique ribosomal anchor. (hmdb.ca)
  • Family of DPP-4-related proteases and their substrate specificities. (medscape.com)
  • The alimentary tract of earthworm secretes a group of proteases with a relative wide substrate specificity. (hindawi.com)
  • Six proteases ( Lr P-I-0, Lr P-I-1, Lr P-I-2, Lr P-II, Lr P-III-1, and Lr P-III-2) of fibrinolytic enzymes were isolated from L. rubellus [ 3 , 4 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Because the polypeptide backbones of the two enzymes are structurally very similar, the differences in their substrate specificities, and hence their widely divergent functions, have been acquired primarily by amino acid substitutions within the groove. (rcsb.org)
  • Within the family of jacalin-related lectins the same fold gives raise to two structurally similar binding sites but with a different specificity, and in the legume lectin family a single structure allows the formation of binding sites with a wide range of specificities. (go.jp)
  • DPP-4 cleaves a large number of chemokines and peptide hormones in vitro, but comparatively fewer peptides have been identified as endogenous physiological substrates for DPP-4 in vivo. (medscape.com)
  • Both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are endogenous physiological substrates for DPP-4, and chemical inhibition of DPP-4 activity, or genetic inactivation of DPP-4 in rodents, results in increased levels of intact bioactive GIP and GLP-1. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] The multiple members of the DPP-4 family mandate a careful assessment of the selectivity and specificity of any agent used to inhibit DPP-4 activity. (medscape.com)
  • Many of these inhibitors are mechanism-based and owe their selectivity to metabolism by the target enzyme. (nih.gov)
  • The different types of hyaluronidases were originally classified into three distinct classes by him, a scheme based on biochemical analysis of the enzymes and their reaction products. (gr.jp)
  • [ 7 ] ADA immunoaffinity chromatography, which selectively binds and sequesters DPP-4, removed the majority (95%) of DPP-4-like enzymatic activity present in human plasma, thereby identifying DPP-4 as the predominant enzyme responsible for X-Pro or X-Ala cleavage in human serum. (medscape.com)
  • Maluch I, Grzymska J, Snipas S, Salvesen GS , Drag M. Evaluation of the effects of phosphorylation of synthetic peptide substrates on their cleavage by caspase-3 and -7. (academictree.org)
  • The protein crystal structures show the characteristics in their specificities. (hindawi.com)
  • The substrate specificities of different NAT enzymes are mainly determined by the identities of the first two N-terminal residues of the target protein. (hmdb.ca)
  • 16465618 ). In addition to the NAT enzymes and protein-based acetylation, N-acetylation of free aspartic acid can also occur. (hmdb.ca)
  • This enzyme is a member of the poorly characterized Igamma subfamily of the family I aminotransferases. (nih.gov)
  • For the majority of enzymes, the biological roles and identity of endogenous substrates remains poorly understood. (medscape.com)
  • Human tyrosine aminotransferase (hTATase) is the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination of tyrosine to p-hydrophenylpyruvate, an important step in tyrosine metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • In 2005, Nakajima and colleagues purified an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specifically, the enzyme known as aspartate N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.17) catalyzes the transfer of the acetyl group of acetyl CoA to the amino group of aspartate. (hmdb.ca)
  • 30054468 ). NatA also exists in a monomeric state and can post-translationally acetylate acidic N-termini residues (D-, E-). NatB and NatC acetylate N-terminal methionine with further specificity determined by the identity of the second amino acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • Multiplexed Probing of Proteolytic Enzymes Using Mass Cytometry-Compatible Activity-Based Probes. (academictree.org)
  • An analysis of the structure/specificity relationships of plant lectins leads to important conclusions. (go.jp)
  • Conclusions There are multiple citrullination sites in the FBG domain of tenascin-C. Among these, one epitope is recognised by autoantibodies that are detected years before disease onset, and which may serve as a useful biomarker to identify ACPA-positive patients with high sensitivity and specificity in established disease. (bmj.com)
  • DPP-4 is a widely expressed cell surface peptidase that exhibits a complex biology encompassing cell membrane-associated activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways, cell-cell interaction, and enzymatic activity exhibited by both the membrane-anchored and soluble forms of the enzyme. (medscape.com)
  • They possess varied substrate specificities and a wide range of pH optima. (gr.jp)
  • This structural conservation is reflected in the very similar specificity of lectins belonging to the families of the amaranthins, the chitin-binding lectins composed of hevein domains, the Cucurbitaceae phloem lectins, the monocot mannose-binding lectins and the type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins. (go.jp)
  • We have approached this by both top-down and bottom-up proteomic studies as well as investigations of the substrate specificities of the multi-gene family of enzymes that are responsible for the formation of O-glycans, the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAcTs). (nih.gov)
  • 1953), studies from the late 1950s to the mid 1980s found that several separable collagenases exist and these fractions' specificities and stabilities were partially characterized. (worthington-biochem.com)