Enzyme luciferase. Medical search. Frequent questions

The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated Arhgap11a as the target of miR-211-5p. (frontiersin.org)
These features make these luciferases ideal for repeated assays, sensitive measurements in miniaturized assays and single cell applications. (neb.com)
The robust signal, sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and resistance to photobleaching has made luciferase a common choice in assays ranging from use as a reporter gene in vitro and in vivo to use in biosensors. (addgene.org)
Simultaneously, luciferase reporter assays verified that Cyclin D1 was the miR-4755-5p direct target. (fluoridealert.org)
Luciferase reporter assays represent a simple and sensitive experimental system in cell and molecular biology to study multiple biological processes. (muni.cz)
Luciferase assays are quick, highly sensitive, have wide dynamic range, and are cheap to perform. (cdc.gov)

Here the authors report a protein-engineering framework based on InDel mutagenesis and fragment transplantation resulting in greater catalysis and longer glow-type bioluminescence of the ancestral luciferase. (muni.cz)
Bioluminescence imaging is based on a reaction catalyzed by a luciferase which is expressed by the tumor cells. (helsinki.fi)
Luciferase is the enzyme responsible for the bioluminescence found in a diverse number of organisms, ranging from bacteria to aquatic animals to insects. (addgene.org)
A modified firefly luciferase engineered to use the red-shifted substrate Akalumine with significantly brighter signal and emission in the near-infrared range, enabling enhanced bioluminescence imaging in vivo . (addgene.org)
The high quantum yield of the luciferin/luciferase reaction and the change in bioluminescence colour caused by subtle structural differences in luciferase have attracted much research interest. (rcsb.org)
Although the crystal structure of luciferase from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis) has been described, the detailed mechanism for the bioluminescence colour change is still unclear. (rcsb.org)
The bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. (igem.org)
In these experiments, we have designed a system where bacteria signal to yeast that the operon has been de-repressed using bioluminescence from the luciferase enzyme. (igem.org)
Bioluminescence occurs when the protein luciferin is oxidized by the enzyme luciferase in the presence of ATP and oxygen. (kenyon.edu)
2012, in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, the firefly's luciferase is the most important and studied bioluminescence system in scientific research(4). (fountainmagazine.com)
Typically, the luciferase gene is cloned with a DNA sequence of interest into cells and then the cells are assayed by measuring its bioluminescence. (fountainmagazine.com)
Organic substances found in organisms that generate BIOLUMINESCENCE such as FIREFLY LUCIFERIN that produces light when oxidized to the excited oxyluciferin by the action of the enzyme LUCIFERASE. (bvsalud.org)

The binding sites of miR-128-3p and TGFBR2 were predicted by Targetscan online software and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. (degruyter.com)
The target binding between miR-4755-5p and Cyclin D1 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. (fluoridealert.org)
A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding of miR‑132 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). (spandidos-publications.com)

Here we report the effect of the length of linearized reporter DNAs encoding the firefly luciferase gene so as to exclude the influence of supercoiling. (nature.com)
However, with existing bioluminescent reporter technology, this is simply not possible because the current market of bioluminescent reporter cells being applied toward toxicology screening relies upon a firefly luciferase gene construct that must be provided with a chemical substrate to activate its light emission response, resulting in only marginally informative single time point snapshots of potential toxicological interactions. (inknowvation.com)
This is achieved by linking the firefly luciferase gene to a promoter sequence. (cdc.gov)

Dinoflagellate luciferase is a single protein with three luciferase domains and an N-terminal domain. (wikipedia.org)
Light output resulting from the luciferase reaction is captured using a luminometer and can be correlated with the amount of firefly luciferase protein produced and used to determine the activity of the promoter driving firefly expression. (thermofisher.com)
Firefly luciferase is a 60kDa protein produced in nature by several species of the Lampyridae family of beetles which includes the genera Photinus and Luciola . (thermofisher.com)
Protein dynamics are often invoked in explanations of enzyme catalysis, but their design has proven elusive. (muni.cz)
Here we track the role of dynamics in evolution, starting from the evolvable and thermostable ancestral protein Anc(HLD-RLuc) which catalyses both dehalogenase and luciferase reactions. (muni.cz)
In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of protein translation, focusing on the effect of DNA templates of different lengths on cell-free protein synthesis using a luciferase assay. (nature.com)
lux E makes the proteins needed for the enzyme acyl-protein synthetase. (igem.org)
Firefly luciferase is a 62 kDa protein that catalyzes the production of light. (rcsb.org)
[7] A special case of protein enzyme inhibitors are zymogens that contain an autoinhibitory N-terminal peptide that binds to the active site of enzyme that intramolecularly blocks its activity as a protective mechanism against uncontrolled catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
Luciferases have become indispensable for the study of fundamental cellular processes including the regulation of transcription and translation, mRNA and protein stability, and nucleic acid/protein interactions. (neb.com)
Both Firefly luciferase and Renilla luciferase have short protein half-lives, making them useful as transcriptional reporters. (addgene.org)
Firefly and Renilla luciferase are less-than-ideal protein tags due to their large size. (addgene.org)
NanoLuc® Luciferase is small, bright, and a secreted version of the protein is available - these attributes have made it popular with scientists since its release. (addgene.org)
The expression of Cyclin D1 protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively. (fluoridealert.org)
The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone Gla protein (BGP) content were detected by micronutrient enzymes standard method and ELISA. (fluoridealert.org)
Commonly used reporter genes are - GFP (green fluorescent protein gene), lacZ (β- galactosidase gene), RFP (red fluorescent protein gene), and Luc (luciferase gene). (jove.com)
Fusing a protein with luciferase is like putting a reflective vest on a cyclist in the dark to be able to watch him. (fountainmagazine.com)

Our crystallographic findings provided unprecedented molecular views of the Renilla-type luciferases complexed with a non-oxidizable coelenterazine analogue, coelenteramide and coelenteramine, revealing as-yet-unseen molecular details of bioluminescent reaction. (europa.eu)
The tagging molecule carries florescence that causes luciferase to bind even when there is no drug present, which causes a reaction with bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) that produces red light. (pharmacytimes.com)
The bioluminescent mushroom, Neonothopanus gardneri , glows green when luciferase enzymes interact with luciferin molecules, triggering a chemical reaction that releases light. (the-scientist.com)
In order to generate the aldehyde needed in the reaction above, three additional enzymes are needed. (igem.org)
The fatty acids needed for the reaction are pulled out from the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by the enzyme acyl-transferase. (igem.org)
When luciferin is exposed to oxygen, a chemical reaction (aided along by an enzyme called luciferase) emits light. (livescience.com)
In the ATP-dependent reaction luciferase enzyme oxidizes its substrate, luciferin, and produces light. (helsinki.fi)
[1] An enzyme facilitates a specific chemical reaction by binding the substrate to its active site , a specialized area on the enzyme that accelerates the most difficult step of the reaction . (wikipedia.org)
An enzyme inhibitor stops ("inhibits") this process, either by binding to the enzyme's active site (thus preventing the substrate itself from binding) or by binding to another site on the enzyme such that the enzyme's catalysis of the reaction is blocked. (wikipedia.org)
Since light emission depends strictly on the chemical reaction between the substrate and the luciferase, there is no background light originating from the sample. (neb.com)
The glow in fireflies occurs through a chemical reaction involving luciferin and luciferase 2 . (whatsthatbug.com)
Luciferin is a light-emitting compound, while luciferase is an enzyme that aids in the reaction. (whatsthatbug.com)
Their captivating glow results from a chemical reaction between luciferin and luciferase, regulated by neural stimulation and nitric oxide. (whatsthatbug.com)
Longer tails are produced by increasing the enzyme concentration in the reaction. (neb.com)
The cells expressing the Luc gene produce luciferase enzymes that catalyze a reaction with luciferin to produce light. (jove.com)

The N-terminal domain is conserved between dinoflagellate luciferase and luciferin binding proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This region may be where luciferin binding proteins interact with luciferase in order to allow the ligand, usually luciferin, to enter the active site. (wikipedia.org)
It can be separated and is used to enable researchers to tag things so you can track visually compounds (like enzymes and proteins} in experiments. (godlikeproductions.com)
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for life , in which substrate molecules are converted into products . (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme inhibitors are a chemically diverse set of substances that range in size from organic small molecules to macromolecular proteins . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to small molecules, some proteins act as enzyme inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Studies in this area led to the identification of multiple bioluminescent proteins and enzyme systems, some of which have found direct applications in biological research (2). (neb.com)
Phylogenetic profiling (comparison of differential gene content) based on F(420) biosynthesis nominated many actinobacterial proteins as candidate F(420)-dependent enzymes. (umd.edu)
Significantly, these results showed that M. tuberculosis carries at least 28 separate F(420)-dependent enzymes, most of unknown function, and a paucity of flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent proteins in these families. (umd.edu)

Luciferase-containing plasmids are commonly used to investigate the effect of regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers and untranslated regions, or the effect of mutations of these regulatory elements on gene expression. (addgene.org)
Luciferase reporter system for studying the effect of nanoparticle s on gene expression. (cdc.gov)
Genetic Luciferase Reporter System or Reporter gene assay has become an invaluable tool in studies of gene expression. (cdc.gov)
Here we describe the Genetic Luciferase Reporter System as the method for detecting alteration of gene expression in response to external stimuli (e.g., nanoparticle s). (cdc.gov)
Luciferase reporter gene analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis confirmed the interaction between lncRNA SNHG3, miR-326, and TWIST. (hindawi.com)
Its CHO cell line, genetically enriched with the firefly's luciferase gene, glows in the dark in the presence of an enzyme called luciferine. (jorislaarman.com)
mutations high frequency of IDH1/2 mutations in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas and in alteRations in the RB1 pathway in The TET2 gene encodes the -KG- secondary glioblastomas derived thereof low-gRade diffuse gliomas lacking dependent enzyme that catalyses suggests that these tumours share a common genetic alteRations the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to common progenitor cell population. (who.int)

Interestingly, HLD enzymes display remarkable sequence and structural similarity with luciferase from the marine invertebrate Renilla reniformis (RLuc), which reflects their common evolutionary history. (europa.eu)
An anisotropic network model highlights the importance of the conformational flexibility of a loop-helix fragment of Renilla luciferases for ligand binding. (muni.cz)
Later, a marine luciferase from the sea pansy Renilla reniformis was isolated. (neb.com)
Renilla Luciferase (RLuc), like most marine luciferases, uses a different luciferin, the benzylimidazo-pyrazinone coelenterazine. (neb.com)
The secreted luciferases derived from Gaussia princeps , Metridia longa and Cypridina noctiluca do not require cell lysis to measure activity and are significantly "brighter" than firefly and Renilla . (neb.com)
The most common types of luciferase found in Addgene's collection are Firefly luciferase (Fluc), Renilla luciferase (Rluc), and NanoLuc® Luciferase (Nluc). (addgene.org)
Firefly luciferase is considerably brighter than Renilla luciferase, but is more susceptible to enzyme inhibition. (addgene.org)

For this bioluminescent effect, the RLuc luciferase is commonly used as a reporter enzyme in cell biological research and bioimaging technologies. (europa.eu)
Dinoflagellate luciferase is found in bioluminescent dinoflagellates, eukaryotic protists that are found in ocean surface waters. (wikipedia.org)
Bioluminescent signal from firefly luciferase originates from the oxidation of D-luciferin. (thermofisher.com)
Recently, a new generation of bioluminescent reporters with unique characteristics that expand the flexibility and applications of luciferase reporter systems has become available. (neb.com)

Insect luciferases, including Photinus pyralis (firefly), catalyze the oxidation of a benzothiazol luciferin requiring ATP as a cofactor. (neb.com)

Unlike HLDs, which belong to the family of α/β hydrolases (EC 3.8.1.5) the RLuc luciferase is cofactor-independent monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.5) that oxidoreductively converts substrate - coelenterazine − into coelenteramide and carbon dioxide, followed by an emission of blue light (470 nm). (europa.eu)
This project aimed to employ in-lab reconstructed dual-function (dehalogenase/luciferase) ancestral enzyme (ancHLD-RLuc) to decipher molecular evolution steps leading to the functional divergence of modern-day HLD and RLuc enzymes, and to explore how this knowledge could be exploited biotechnologically. (europa.eu)
One of the major intentions of this project was to determine atomic-level structures of the dual-function ancestral enzyme ancHLD-RLuc complexed with bound substrate molecules, with emphasis on coelenterazine-powered monooxygenation (luciferase) catalysis. (europa.eu)
We succeeded to reconstitute stable complexes of recombinantly-produced and affinity-purified ancHLD-RLuc enzyme complexed with substrate-like and product molecules. (europa.eu)
We showed that a non-oxidizable coelenterazine analogue binds to the ancHLD-RLuc enzyme with low nanomolar affinity. (europa.eu)

In the presence of MgATP and molecular oxygen, the enzyme oxidizes its substrate, firefly luciferin, emitting yellow-green light. (rcsb.org)

Luciferase produces blue/green light through the oxidation of reduced flavin mononucleotide (a standard biomolecule) and a long chain aldehyde by diatomic oxygen. (igem.org)
Luciferase catalyzes the oxidation of a substrate, leading to the emission of photons. (addgene.org)

Naturally secreted from the deep sea copepod Gaussia princeps (3) (Figure 1), Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc) was first used in a sensitive analytical assay in 2002 (4) and later commercialized by NEB for expression in mammalian cells. (neb.com)
Luc2 is the second-generation version of Firefly luciferase that has been codon optimized for expression in mammalian systems. (addgene.org)

Cytokine production was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (degruyter.com)

Dinoflagellate luciferase (EC 1.13.12.18, Gonyaulax luciferase) is a specific luciferase, an enzyme with systematic name dinoflagellate-luciferin:oxygen 132-oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
dinoflagellate luciferin + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oxidized dinoflagellate luciferin + H2O + hnu The EC number of dinoflagellate luciferase is 1.13.12.18. (wikipedia.org)
This number denotes that dinoflagellate luciferase is an oxidoreductase that acts on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) that are not necessarily derived from O2, with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases or internal mixed-function oxidases). (wikipedia.org)
These helical bundles contain important histidine residues that play a role in the pH regulation of dinoflagellate luciferase activity. (wikipedia.org)
Although the primary mechanism is unknown, voltage-gated ion channels on scintillon membranes open, allowing an influx of protons to enter the organelle lowering the pH sufficiently for dinoflagellate luciferase to activate. (wikipedia.org)
Dinoflagellate luciferase allows these organisms to emit blue light (max 475 nm) after stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
This is where the dinoflagellate luciferase enzyme is contained. (wikipedia.org)

Thermo Scientific Pierce Firefly Luciferase Flash Assay Kit contains reagents to measure the activity of firefly luciferase in mammalian whole cell lysates. (thermofisher.com)
Like Firefly luciferase, Click-beetle red luciferase has also been codon optimized ( CBR2opt ) for mammalian expression systems. (addgene.org)
Because of their simplicity and versatility, and because of the absence of endogenous luciferase activity in most cell types, this test can be applied for testing a large variety of nanomaterial s for their pathogenic or carcinogenetic effects on a wide range of mammalian cells. (cdc.gov)

To exclude the influence of supercoiling, we used linear DNA molecules (PCR amplicons or linearized by restriction enzyme) as a template. (nature.com)
For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway may be inhibited by molecules produced later in the pathway, thus curtailing the production of molecules that are no longer needed. (wikipedia.org)
Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit an aberrant human enzyme or an enzyme critical for the survival of a pathogen such as a virus , bacterium or parasite . (wikipedia.org)

To overcome these limitations, ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) represents a powerful approach, in which a hypothetical ancestral sequence of a given present-day enzymes is predicted and reconstructed in a laboratory. (europa.eu)
Displays a graphical map based on nucleotide sequence data labeled with restriction enzymes, plasmid features, ORFs (theoretical open reading frames) and primers. (addgene.org)
List of restriction enzymes that can cut a given nucleotide sequence. (addgene.org)
Table lists enzyme name and the sequence location of the cut. (addgene.org)
Firefly luciferase shows extensive sequence homology with a number of enzymes that utilize ATP in adenylation reactions. (rcsb.org)

GLuc is a monomeric enzyme of only 185 amino acids (19 kD), and is the smallest known luciferase. (neb.com)
Other luciferases in our collection include Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) and the red and green Click-beetle luciferases (CBRluc and CBGluc, respectively). (addgene.org)

We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)

Displays both strands of base paired nucleotide sequences with annotated enzymes, plasmid features, ORFs (theoretical open reading frames) and primers. (addgene.org)
Scientists have developed a wide range of luciferase-based plasmid systems for many different applications. (addgene.org)

However, it differs by only a single amino acid from fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, an enzyme that plays a key role in fatty acid metabolism. (acs.org)
In fact, a single amino acid substitution in luciferase changes the emission colour from yellow-green to red. (rcsb.org)

Three such families dominated the results: the luciferase-like monooxygenase (LLM), pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PPOX), and deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase (DDN) families. (umd.edu)

The first generation of luciferase reporters developed were based on Firefly Luciferase (FLuc). (neb.com)

Gaussia luciferase is secreted and more stable, making time course experiments possible, but its short luminescence half-life makes it too dim for many experimental systems. (addgene.org)

The researchers used mass spectrometry studies to show that there are no significant metabolic differences between native and luciferase-engineered cells in three cell lines commonly used in cancer research. (acs.org)
The binding site of inhibitors on enzymes is most commonly the same site that binds the substrate of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

Reversible inhibitors produce different types of inhibition depending on whether they bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both. (wikipedia.org)

Luciferase' is the substance which enables fireflies to glow , to light up. (godlikeproductions.com)
Tumors were grown using cells that express the enzyme luciferase-making them glow. (genengnews.com)

Enzyme inhibitors may bind reversibly or irreversibly. (wikipedia.org)
Irreversible inhibitors form a chemical bond with the enzyme such that the enzyme is inhibited until the chemical bond is broken. (wikipedia.org)
By contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and may spontaneously leave the enzyme, allowing the enzyme to resume its function. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme inhibitors play an important role in all cells, since they are generally specific to one enzyme each and serve to control that enzyme's activity. (wikipedia.org)
[2] Enzyme inhibitors also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Many poisons produced by animals or plants are enzyme inhibitors that block the activity of crucial enzymes in prey or predators . (wikipedia.org)
Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side effects in humans, provided that no analogous enzyme is found in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Medicinal enzyme inhibitors often have low dissociation constants , meaning that only a minute amount of the inhibitor is required to inhibit the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Hence the discovery and refinement of enzyme inhibitors is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology . (wikipedia.org)
Small molecule inhibitors include essential primary metabolites that inhibit upstream enzymes that produce those metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
[3] [2] Small molecule enzyme inhibitors also include secondary metabolites , which are not essential to the organism that produces them, but provide the organism with an evolutionary advantage, in that they can be used to repel predators or competing organisms or immobilize prey. (wikipedia.org)

Specifically, our structures highlight: (i) amino acid residues involved in chemical steps, (ii) residues that deprotonate/reprotonate the coelenteramide to yield blue light (480 nm), and (iii) coordinated motions of enzyme loops carrying aromatic residues that are important for the bulky ligand binding-unbinding turnover. (europa.eu)

Firefly luciferase and luminometer or other instrument capable of monitoring luminescence, such as Thermo Scientific Luminoskan Ascent and Varioskan Flash Microplate Readers. (thermofisher.com)
Therefore, we aimed to develop a small, affordable luminometer allowing continuous measurement of luciferase activity, designed for inclusion into various kinds of tissue culture incubators. (muni.cz)
Here, we introduce LuminoCell-an open-source platform for the construction of an affordable, sensitive, and portable luminometer capable of real-time monitoring in-cell luciferase activity. (muni.cz)

Firefly luciferase, a luminescence-inducing enzyme, is often engineered into cells to facilitate imaging in studies on the mechanisms of cancer and other diseases. (acs.org)

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity . (wikipedia.org)

Enzyme called 'LUCIFERASE' makes Bill Gates' vaccine microchip implant work. (godlikeproductions.com)
Related: Bill Gates developed an enzyme called "luciferase" that was part of the plan for Wuhan coronavirus [Covid-19] "vaccines. (newstarget.com)

Specifically, the presence of N-terminal intramolecularly conserved histidine residues are shown to be responsible for the loss of activity of the enzyme at high pH. (wikipedia.org)
The Thermo Scientific Pierce Firefly Luciferase Flash Assay Kit provides reagents to measure Red firefly luciferase activity in whole cell producing a very strong flash signal which decays rapidly. (thermofisher.com)
however, the Flash Assay Kit may be used to detect the activity of other firefly or ATP-dependent luciferases utilizing D-luciferin as a substrate. (thermofisher.com)
Although both of these intracellular luciferases are widely used in life science research, they have the disadvantage of requiring lysis of the expressing cells in order to measure their activity. (neb.com)

Comparing these structures to those of the wild-type luciferase complexed with AMP plus oxyluciferin (products) reveals a significant conformational change in the wild-type enzyme but not in the red mutant. (rcsb.org)

The reconstituted ancestral enzymes have been shown to be valuable tools in our understanding of the evolution of biocatalytic mechanisms. (europa.eu)

This close resemblance has raised concerns that luciferase-engineered cells could have adverse effects on metabolism and thus cause experimental artifacts that might invalidate some of the many studies-estimated to number about 30,000-in which luciferase has been used. (acs.org)
Gold nanorods linked to an anti-EGFR antibody (Conjugated gold NanoRods - CNR) were instilled into the bladder cavity of an orthotopic murine xenograft model with T24 bladder cancer cells expressing luciferase," the authors wrote. (genengnews.com)

Here we report the crystal structures of wild-type and red mutant (S286N) luciferases from the Japanese Genji-botaru (Luciola cruciata) in complex with a high-energy intermediate analogue, 5'-O-[N-(dehydroluciferyl)-sulfamoyl]adenosine (DLSA). (rcsb.org)

It's a compound that the organism has, called luciferin, and that interacts with an enzyme called luciferase," Professor Linde explains. (edu.au)

The enzyme luciferase acts on the luciferin, in the presence of magnesium ions, ATP, and oxygen to produce light (3). (fountainmagazine.com)

This light emission can be easily detected and measured, making luciferases ideal for the development of biological reporter systems. (neb.com)
A light-producing compound called "luciferin" is oxidised with the help of an enzyme called "luciferase", releasing energy in the form of cold light. (barkeuropa.com)
This "cold light" does not heat up or burn its producer through infrared or ultraviolet frequencies, and is formed by the action of an enzyme called luciferase in the lower abdomen of the firefly. (fountainmagazine.com)

In addition, Addgene has many luciferase expression constructs available that are driven by a strong constitutive promoter and can be used to monitor transfection or viral infection efficiency, to study changes in cell physiology, or as a reference level of expression. (addgene.org)

Anatomy20

Organisms23

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs93

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Assays7

Bioluminescence12

Dual-luciferase reporter assay3

Firefly luciferase gene3

Protein17

Reaction15

Proteins9

Gene7

Renilla7

Bioluminescent4

Photinus1

RLuc5

Oxidizes its substrate1

Oxidation2

Expression in mammalian2

Immunosorbent assay1

Dinoflagellate7

Mammalian3

Molecules3

Sequence5

GLuc2

Ligase1

Plasmid2

Single amino acid2

Monooxygenase1

FLuc1

Gaussia1

Commonly2

Inhibition1

Glow2

Inhibitors11

Ligand1

Luminometer3

Luminescence1

Molecule1

Bill Gates2

Activity4

Oxyluciferin1

Ancestral1

Cells2

Luciola1

Organism1

Oxygen1

Light3

Promoter1