Enzyme carbonic. Medical search. Frequent questions

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). (wikipedia.org)
The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion. (wikipedia.org)
Beta carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) are considered promising targets of novel anthelminthics because these enzymes are present in various parasites, while completely absent in vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been recently identified as potential targets for novel anti-infective drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbonic anhydrases are metalloenzymes since most active sites contain zinc. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Carbonic anhydrases are widely distributed in plant and animal tissues where they are involved in diverse physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, pH homeostasis, calcification, and bone resorption. (sigmaaldrich.com)
These carbonic anhydrases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and are differentially expressed in a number of cell types. (nih.gov)
Carbonic anhydrases: carbonic anhydrase 7. (guidetopharmacology.org)

A series of sulfenimide derivatives (1a-i) were investigated as inhibitors of human (hCA-I, hCA-II) and bovine (bCA) carbonic anhydrase enzymes. (ogu.edu.tr)
Results of our study will make valuable contributions to carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies for further investigations since inhibitors of this enzyme are important molecules for medicinal chemistry. (ogu.edu.tr)
Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build-up of water in the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, acetazolamide) and loop diuretics (eg, furosemide) are thought to exert their effect on ICP by reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production at the choroid plexus. (medscape.com)
The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are active over a number of CA isozymes. (guidetopharmacology.org)
2013) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Enzymes can be affected by molecules that increase their activity (activators) or decrease their activity (inhibitors). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The main role of carbonic anhydrase in humans is to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and back again. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic Anhydrase is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This enzyme enables the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide and water into the carbonic acid and the hydrogen carbonate ion ('bicarbonate ion') and operates in near neutral conditions. (docbrown.info)

Carbonic anhydrase was initially found in the red blood cells of cows in 1933 and was simultaneously discovered by Rougton in Cambridge and Meldrum in Philadelphia who were searching for a catalytic factor. (wikipedia.org)
We have expertise in the synthesis and catalytic applications of ligands and metal complexes compatible with proteins, bioconjugation of small molecules to proteins, expression and purification of recombinant enzymes, enzyme engineering and enzyme immobilisation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Most enzymes are proteins , though certain nucleic acids , called ribozymes , are also capable of catalytic activity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The amino acids side chains that make up the active site are molded into a precise shape, which enables the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
For instance, catalytic site of many enzymes are sequestered deeply inside, while there is no clearly defined pathways for substrate delivery and product removal. (illinois.edu)
Magnesium enyzmes are necessary for the catalytic action of more than 300 enzymes. (gsu.edu)
In the denaturing process the ' active site ' (see 'key and lock' mechanism details above) may be damaged by highly acid (low pH) or highly alkaline (high pH) conditions, and changed in such a way that the enzyme cannot perform its catalytic function on the substrate molecules - they don't fit in the active site. (docbrown.info)
The naturally designed architecture, semi-permeability, and catalytic improvement of carboxysomes have inspired rational design and engineering of new nanomaterials to incorporate desired enzymes into the protein shell for enhanced catalytic performance. (nature.com)
The study provides insights into the assembly and formation of carboxysomes and paves the way for engineering carboxysome shell-based nanoreactors to recruit specific enzymes for diverse catalytic reactions. (nature.com)
Among these hydrogenases, [FeFe]-hydrogenases are the most efficient enzymes for catalytic hydrogen turnover, and arguably the promising biocatalysts for hydrogen production. (nature.com)

Research of the group is focused on the carbonic anhydrase enzymes. (tuni.fi)

Carbonic anhydrase is critical to hemoglobin function via the Bohr effect which catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid and rapidly dissociate into water. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon dioxide from the tissues diffuses rapidly into red blood cells, where it is hydrated with water to form carbonic acid. (europa.eu)

The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (nih.gov)
Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encodes carbonic anhydrase isozymes. (nih.gov)
CA2 is one of several (at least 7) isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. (thermofisher.com)
Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme. (guidetopharmacology.org)

Relating the Bohr effect to carbonic anhydrase is simple: carbonic anhydrase speeds up the reaction of carbon dioxide reacting with water to produce hydrogen ions (protons) and bicarbonate ions. (wikipedia.org)
To describe equilibrium in the carbonic anhydrase reaction, Le Chatelier's principle is used. (wikipedia.org)
It catalyzes a reversible reaction whereby carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid becomes dehydrated. (medscape.com)
We are interested in the design and engineering of enzymes with an expanded reaction scope, beyond what they have naturally evolved to catalyse. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
Acetazolamide is an enzyme inhibitor that acts specifically on carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. (nih.gov)
The diuretic effect of acetazolamide is due to its action in the kidney on the reversible reaction involving hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of carbonic acid. (nih.gov)
Here, we report on enzyme activation and the associated chemical reaction in a crystal at 100 K. We propose mechanisms based on water photoradiolysis and/or electron radiolysis as the main cause of enzyme activation. (rcsb.org)
This reaction is accelerated by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme present in high concentrations in red blood cells. (europa.eu)
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction in a living organism. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Yet, a denatured enzyme can refold within fractions of a second and then precisely react in a chemical reaction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Like all catalysts, enzymes work to lower the activation energy of a reaction, or the initial energy input necessary for most chemical reactions to occur. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Heat cannot be added to a living system, so enzymes provide an alternate pathway: they bond with a substrate (the substance involved in the chemical reaction) to form a "transition state," an unstable intermediate complex that requires less energy for the reaction to proceed. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Like any catalyst, the enzyme remains unaltered by the completed reaction and can therefore continue to interact with substrates. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This region, where the binding of the substrate(s) and the reaction occur, is known as the active site of the enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
4. Effect of pH - What is the optimum pH of an enzyme catalysed reaction? (docbrown.info)
For any enzyme, initially, as you increase the pH, the rate of reaction increases. (docbrown.info)
The structure of the protein enzyme can depends on how acid or alkaline the reaction medium is, that is, it is pH dependent . (docbrown.info)
The two graphs above illustrate how the rate of reaction varies with pH for many enzymes. (docbrown.info)
Trypsin is a protease enzyme from the pancreas that breaks down proteins (peptides) in the alkaline conditions (~pH 8.5) of the smaller intestine, so its optimum rate of reaction is around that value. (docbrown.info)
Theory of effect of changing pH on rate of enzyme catalysed reaction and be able to explain why there is an optimum pH for a particular enzyme reaction. (docbrown.info)
Be able to interpret graphs of enzyme reaction rate versus pH, to find the optimum pH. (docbrown.info)
Specifically, they printed a hydrogel material that can hold carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that speeds a reaction that turns carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate. (phys.org)
Gaurav Bhaduri and Lidija Šiller at the University of Newcastle, UK have discovered that nickel nanoparticles can catalyse the hydration reaction that turns CO 2 in water into carbonic acid - a crucial step for separating CO 2 for the mineralisation process. (chemistryworld.com)

The enzyme maintains acid-base balance and helps transport carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. (wikipedia.org)
For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. (wikipedia.org)
The carbonic acid formed dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. (europa.eu)
Enzymes (and other proteins) are composed of amino acid chains called polypeptide chains. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The acid or alkali may chemically react with the enzyme at or near the active site affecting the shape of the active site or the ability of the substrate molecule to 'dock in' to the active site - a denaturing effect due to interfering with the bonds holding the enzyme together in its unique 3D shape. (docbrown.info)
However, the enzyme pepsin has a peak at pH 2 (graph on right) and can operate in the very acid (hydrochloric) conditions of the stomach to help breakdown proteins for complete digestion in the small intestine. (docbrown.info)
Genes for enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis (carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase) along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase) were co-expressed in effective nodules of M. truncatula. (usda.gov)
Inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thus inhibiting biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. (medscape.com)
Inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes uric acid from hypoxanthine. (medscape.com)
The next step, Šiller says, would be to mineralise carbonic acid to environmentally friendly solid minerals including magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and dolomite, which could be used as a building material. (chemistryworld.com)

The bromo derivative (1f) was found to be strongest inhibitor of all three enzymes with KI values of 0.023, 0.044 and 20.57 µM for hCA-I, hCA-II and bCA, respectively. (ogu.edu.tr)
Methylparathion was the most effective inhibitor for both enzymes. (omu.edu.tr)
The electrochemical studies showed that when the concentration of the inhibitor was increased, the reduction peak current of PNP produced by the hydrolysis of PNPA was decreased by enzyme inhibition. (gazi.edu.tr)
Acetazolamide extended-release capsules are an inhibitor of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (nih.gov)
Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion (e.g., some types of glaucoma), in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders (e.g., epilepsy) and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention (e.g., cardiac edema). (nih.gov)
The constants of the enzyme inhibitor complex (Ki) and 50% inhibitory values (IC50) for metal ions were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity % vs. [I], respectively. (trjfas.org)

Carbonic anhydrase, a zinc metalloenzyme, catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (rcsb.org)
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (thermofisher.com)

I welcome enquiries from potential PhD candidates from Home, EU and international countries who are interested in the following research areas: catalysis, biocatalysis, enzyme engineering, artificial metalloenzymes, rational design. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Now enzymes are proteins and they'd normally be destroyed at the high temperatures and the harsh conditions that are normally used in carbon capture systems. (thenakedscientists.com)
Destinated targets (i.e. proteins and enzymes) of these molecules are often separated from exterior environments by layers or shells coated not only membrane lipids but also, in some cases, proteins, effectively forming physical barriers against their passage. (illinois.edu)
sulphur in the - 2 reduction state is found directly bonded to carbon in amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and other proteins. (canada.ca)

The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase II Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ARC1451) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-38188, RRID AB_2898105. (thermofisher.com)

However, the enzyme is sensitive to pH and the extraction and purification process is costly. (chemistryworld.com)

The active site of an enzyme can be modified as the substrate interacts with the enzyme, creating an "induced fit" between enzyme and substrate. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Enzymes are catalysts of biological processes. (iucr.org)

They've found a bacterium that makes an enzyme, which is a kind of biological catalyst, that can turn carbon dioxide into a soluble chemical called bicarbonate. (thenakedscientists.com)

The saccharin disrupts carbonic anhydrase IX's ability to regulate the cancer cell's pH level - its hydrogen ion concentration. (scienceblog.com)
The enzyme catalase breaks down harmful hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, with an optimum pH range around pH 7 (top left graph). (docbrown.info)
We develop strategies for enzyme activation, shell self-assembly, and cargo encapsulation to construct a robust nanoreactor that incorporates catalytically active [FeFe]-hydrogenases and functional partners within the empty shell for the production of hydrogen. (nature.com)
Hydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze the generation and conversion of hydrogen. (nature.com)

We used computational biology resources and methods (including InterPro, CATH/Gene3D, KEGG, and METACYC) to analyze AlBCA and define potential roles of this enzyme in biological pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
We apply genetic and chemical protein modification techniques, to modify the functionality of enzymes and further integrate them in metabolic pathways or use them as isolated entities outside the cells. (nottingham.ac.uk)
In the first part of this dissertation, I illustrated the necessity of pathways in assuring optimal delivery of O2 or NO to the terminal oxidases and cNOR, which are homologous enzymes, under physiological conditions. (illinois.edu)
In addition to these elements, a number of metal atoms play essential supporting roles in producing enzymes, contributing to communication pathways, and enabling specific processes in the body. (gsu.edu)
Also, genes for enzymes in the pathways for production of organic acids and for nitrogen uptake compounds were simultaneously expressed at similar levels in nitrogen-fixing nodules. (usda.gov)

Samples were incubated with Carbonic Anhydrase II Monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-38188) using a dilution of 1:1,000, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at a dilution of 1:10,000. (thermofisher.com)
This radiolabeled monoclonal antibody from Telix Pharmaceuticals targets carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme that regulates cell proliferation and is highly expressed in many tumor types. (medscape.com)

A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 161-260 of human Carbonic Anhydrase II. (thermofisher.com)
A small chain of 150 amino acids making up an enzyme has an extraordinary number of possible folding configurations: if it tested 10 12 different configurations every second, it would take about 10 26 years to find the right one (Lewis 2005). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
An enzyme might contain only one polypeptide chain, typically linking one hundred or more amino acids, or it might consist of several polypeptide chains that act together as a unit. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Only a very small portion of the enzyme, approximately ten amino acids, comes into direct contact with the substrate(s). (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Enzyme active sites provide highly optimized microenvironments for their specific substrates by providing reactive groups such as nucleophiles or acids/bases that stabilize the transition state. (iucr.org)
Most enzymes are larger than the substrates on which they act. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Enzymes are usually specific, or unique, to the reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These chemical species often act as substrates of enzymes and/or as ligands modulating biochemical cascades, so elucidating their delivery and transport is imminent towards understanding cellular functions. (illinois.edu)
This represents a step towards synthetically engineering large and stable nanoreactors that are capable of sequestering high copy numbers of cargo enzymes and providing selective permeability to substrates to boost enzyme activities. (nature.com)

The objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory effects of six commonly used pesticides, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos and methylparathion, on the pH regulatory enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) of Dicentrarchus labrax (European Seabass) liver (dCA) and bovine erythrocytes (bCA). (omu.edu.tr)

Product C7749, Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), has been widely used as a model protein in the investigation of the protein folding process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
For instance, many household cleaners use enzymes to speed up the breakdown of protein or starch stains on clothes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Increase in acidity or alkalinity creating a pH well away from the optimum, can affect the protein structure of the enzyme and so affecting the active site, and, the substrate molecule can no longer readily lock into place into the active site and cannot be transformed into the product molecules. (docbrown.info)
The carboxysome is a specialized bacterial organelle that encapsulates enzymes into a virus-like protein shell and plays essential roles in photosynthetic carbon fixation. (nature.com)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a calcium- and phosphatebinding protein and a phosphor-hydrolytic enzyme. (bvsalud.org)

They tested this enzyme in a pilot carbon capture unit attached to a coal-fired plant. (thenakedscientists.com)

A, p.W123X) linked to carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Chinese family. (nih.gov)

They did nine rounds of this directed evolution and each round, they picked the toughest enzyme that they got at each stage and then they made more mutations to that particular enzyme. (thenakedscientists.com)

In the optimum pH range, the enzyme catalysis is at its most efficient. (docbrown.info)

HWI also caused significant increase in specific gravity, specific conductivity, creatinine clearance, Na + and K + levels, thiazide secretion index, urine alkaline index, diuretic action, Na + and K + saliuretic indices and significant decrease in carbonic anhydrase index. (scialert.net)

Therefore, carbonic anhydrase helps with the H+ secretion into the lumen of the kidney renal tubule and the reabsorption of HCO3- in the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
Carbonic anhydrase is one important enzyme that is found in red blood cells, gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, and even renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
Defects in this enzyme are associated with osteopetrosis and renal tubular acidosis. (nih.gov)

Chris - So, when you would be applying this technology, you're saying that this enzyme would have to tolerate the flue gases coming out of a power station or something. (thenakedscientists.com)
For years, researchers have considered adapting it to capture carbon emitted in industrial operations, however, the influence of heat and high-pH of flue gas degrade carbonic anhydrase in conditions of industrial processes. (robaid.com)

In general, sulfonamides and their derivatives are researched for their inhibitory effects on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CAs). (gazi.edu.tr)

Carbonic Anhydrase II bovine has been used as a control in native gel electrophoresis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of Thalassiosira weissflogii carbonic anhydrase 1. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a cytosolic, single-chain, approximately 29 kDa enzyme. (sigmaaldrich.com)

All derivatives except for the methyl derivative (1b) exhibited effective inhibitory action at low micromolar concentrations on human isoforms, but only four derivatives (1e, 1f, 1h, 1i) inhibited the bovine enzyme. (ogu.edu.tr)
Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. (nih.gov)
Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
More than 100 distinct human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) 3D structures have been generated in last 3 decades [Liljas A, et al. (rcsb.org)
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of middle-aged vs. aged vastus lateralis reveals increased levels of carbonic anhydrase isoform 3 in senescent human skeletal muscle. (nih.gov)
Most inherited human diseases result from a genetic mutation , overproduction, or deficiency of a single critical enzyme. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues. (medscape.com)
Carbonic anhydrase is a naturally occurring catalyst which operates in our lungs, where it separates, captures, and transports CO2 out of our blood and other tissues as part of the normal respiration process. (robaid.com)

The carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) inhibition of copper(II) complexes which goes on competitively was determined by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer technique, and their inhibition parameters such as K-m, IC50 and K-i were calculated. (gazi.edu.tr)
In order to evaluate the possible protective capacities of these different organic matters, ionoregulatory parameters (the activity of carbonic anhydrase and Mg-Ca-ATPase enzymes) and redox status (lipid peroxidation) were measured in the mussel larvae, since metals have the ability to alter these physiological parameters. (databasefootball.com)

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside the carboxysomal lumen can readily convert HCO3- to CO2. (illinois.edu)

In the study, researchers in the NC State Wilson College of Textiles mixed a solution containing two different organic compounds-or the printing "ink"-and an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase . (phys.org)

Class one being alpha carbonic anhydrase which is found in mammals, class two being beta carbonic anhydrase which is found in bacteria and plants and lastly, class three which is gamma carbonic anhydrase which is found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. (wikipedia.org)
By introducing random changes - or mutations - into the genetic instructions that tell the bacteria how to make the enzyme, they've been able to come up with a new super-powerful version of it, that might save us millions on our power bills. (thenakedscientists.com)

We aim to integrate the transformed enzymes within industrial biotechnological processes and to deliver sustainable alternatives for the production of high value chemicals and for the degradation of polymer waste. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Chris - So, where did these American researchers come by this super enzyme? (thenakedscientists.com)
A group of researchers from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory came up with Cyclen - a small-molecule catalyst that mimics the behavior of natural enzymes which handle CO2. (robaid.com)
But both methods are expensive, and the Newcastle researchers say that using nickel to capture and store CO2 bubbled through water could be a thousand times cheaper than employing carbonic anhydrase. (yale.edu)

We demonstrate that the unexpected enzyme activation was caused in an X-ray dose-dependent manner. (rcsb.org)

Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) supports tumor blood endothelial cell survival under lactic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
Saccharin shows considerable promise for its ability to inhibit an enzyme upregulated in many cancers, helping tumor cells survive and metastasize, said Robert McKenna, a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology in the UF College of Medicine. (scienceblog.com)

Anti-carbonic anhydrase III autoantibodies in vasculitis syndrome. (nih.gov)

An enzyme combines with its substrate(s) to form a short-lived enzyme-substrate complex. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
There are two models to explain how the binding of enzyme and substrate occurs: the "lock and key" model and induced fit. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
To account for the specificity of enzymes, Emil Fischer proposed that the enzyme had a particular shape into which the substrate(s) fit exactly. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This model of exact fit, introduced in the 1890s, is often referred to as the "lock and key" model, because the enzyme binding to a substrate is analogous to the specific fit of a lock into a key. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Unlike keys, enzymes are rather flexible structures. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Three crystal structures of the γ-carbonic anhydrase enzyme from P. horikoshii were solved in space group F 4 1 32. (iucr.org)

Among tested compounds, bis-(5-nitro-2 furaldehydemethanesulfonylhydrazone) copper(II) chloride was found to be the most active complex on CA I isoenzyme with IC50 value of 7.03 x 10(-5) M. The enzyme inhibition trends of copper(II) sulfonamides on CA I isoenzyme were also investigated by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques, qualitatively. (gazi.edu.tr)

Anhydrases8

Inhibitors8

Conversion of carbon dioxide3

Catalytic10

Anhydrase enzymes1

Form carbonic acid2

Isozymes4

Reaction24

Acid11

Inhibitor6

Hydration2

Metalloenzymes1

Proteins3

Recombinant1

Purification1

Active site of an enzyme1

Catalysts1

Bicarbonate1

Hydrogen4

Pathways5

Monoclonal Antibody2

Amino acids4

Substrates5

Bovine erythrocytes1

Protein5

Carbon capture1

Deficiency syndrome1

Particular enzyme1

Catalysis1

Decrease1

Renal3

Flue2

Isoenzymes1

Characterization1

Cytosolic1

Human6

Tissues2

Parameters2

Lumen1

Organic1

Bacteria2

Processes1

Researchers3

Activation1

Tumor2

Syndrome1

Substrate4

Structures2

Sulfonamides1