• To test this hypothesis, we selectively deleted both TG-synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, in adipocytes (ADGAT DKO mice). (elifesciences.org)
  • We generated mice lacking both known TG synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2 1 , 2 , in adipocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Fatty acid (FA) profile assays revealed that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E, but not HpDGAT2B, preferred monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (MUFAs) for TAG synthesis in yeast cells, and showed a preference for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (PUFAs) based on their feeding strategy. (researchsquare.com)
  • Doubtless, the availability of multiple cloned genes for this enzyme, the capacity of the enzyme for channeling specific fatty acids to TAG, and the significant effect of the activity on oil yield have made the DGAT enzyme a new target for future development of new, high quantity and quality oils suitable for specific commercial utilizations, especially when used with other enzymes directing the synthesis of some unusual fatty acids. (usda.gov)
  • Comparative transcriptome analysis of developing endosperm and aril tissues using pyrosequencing technology was performed to isolate the enzyme necessary for the synthesis of acTAGs. (nih.gov)
  • DGAT-1 is a key endoplasmic membrane-bound enzyme for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis and LD formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DGAT (acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase) is an integral membrane enzyme that catalyses the last step of triacylglycerol synthesis from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • MGAT (acyl-CoA:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase) catalyzes the synthesis of diacylglycerol, the precursor of physiologically important lipids such as triacylglycerol and phospholipids. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the classic cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1R and CB2R, respectively), their endogenous ligands, namely endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in the synthesis and degradation of these molecules [ 1 , 2 ]. (irjournal.org)
  • Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. (ymdb.ca)
  • Transcripts encoding enzymes in photosynthesis and starch synthesis were instead down-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To be available for TAG synthesis, carbons from sucrose must first be converted to pyruvate through cytosolic or plastidic glycolytic pathways and at some point be imported into the plastid to yield acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) which feeds fatty acid (FA) synthesis with carbon backbones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a product of glycolysis (usually in the cytoplasm of liver or adipose tissue cells). (hmdb.ca)
  • Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)
  • PAP controls the balance between phosphatidate, which is needed for the synthesis of acidic phospholipids, and diacylglycerol, which is used to synthesize triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively [1]. (aocs.org)
  • T863 is an orally active, selective and potent DGAT1 (Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1) inhibitor that interacts with the acyl-CoA binding site of DGAT1, and inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis in cells. (adooq.com)
  • Consequently, LW1564 promoted the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which inhibited lipid synthesis. (biomed.news)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol.Diacylglycerols are precursors to triacylglycerols (triglyceride), which are formed by the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase. (hmdb.ca)
  • A diglyceride , more correctly known as a diacylglycerol , is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. (wikidoc.org)
  • Diacylglycerol is a precursor to triacylglycerol (triglyceride), which is formed in the addition of a third fatty acid to the diacylglycerol under the catalysis of diglyceride acyltransferase . (wikidoc.org)
  • PF-04620110 is an orally active, selective and potent diglyceride acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with IC50 of 19 nM. (adooq.com)
  • The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
  • Next, magnesium-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. (smpdb.ca)
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate is first acylated with acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to form lysophosphatidic acid, which is then acylated with another molecule of acyl-CoA to yield phosphatidic acid. (hmdb.ca)
  • Since diacylglycerols are synthesized via phosphatidic acid, they will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (hmdb.ca)
  • Phosphatidic acid is then de-phosphorylated to form diacylglycerol. (wikidoc.org)
  • Since diacylglycerol is synthesized via phosphatidic acid, it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the C-2 position. (wikidoc.org)
  • Transfection of HepG2 cells with sense or antisense miR-370 or miR-122 upregulated and downregulated, respectively, the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the enzymes diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) that regulate fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • PF-06424439 is an oral, potent and selective imidazopyridine diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM. (adooq.com)
  • The DGAT, which catalyzes the acylation reaction at the sn-3 position of the glycerol backbone, represents the only enzyme unique to the biosynthesis pathway of TAG [45]. (usda.gov)
  • In addition, DGATs from several plant species showed pronounced selectivities for DAG and acyl-CoA, and this selectivity of the DGAT greatly influenced the type of TAG species formed in cells. (usda.gov)
  • The Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol (DGAT) is a membrane enzyme that catalyses the final step in TAG biosynthesis. (usda.gov)
  • Computer-based alignment of the coding sequences of the DGATs reveals that the DGAT is a highly conserved enzyme, with the most conserved regions in the C terminus. (usda.gov)
  • Southern blot analyses indicate that the genes encoding DGAT enzymes are only present as a single copy in many plant genomes. (usda.gov)
  • Studies on specificities of the DGAT enzyme for substrates demonstrated that the DGAT had pronounced selectivities for acyl donors and acyl acceptors with both 'common' and 'uncommon' fatty acids. (usda.gov)
  • The Acyltransferase family includes acyl-CoA:cholesterol AT (ACAT), diacylglycerol AT (DGAT), and monoacylglycerol AT (MGAT) for the metabolism of lipids. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • A 922500 is a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor (IC50 values are 7 and 24 nM at human and mouse DGAT-1 respectively). (adooq.com)
  • AZD3988 is a diacylglycerol acyl transferase-1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 6, 5, 11 nM for human, rat, mouse, respectively. (adooq.com)
  • ABT-046 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1 ) inhibitor (IC50= 8 nM). (adooq.com)
  • In enzymology, a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.158) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phospholipid + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } lysophospholipid + triacylglycerol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phospholipid and 1,2-diacylglycerol, whereas its two products are lysophospholipid and triacylglycerol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acyltransferase (AT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl moiety from acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) to an acceptor. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • ACAT (acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and fatty acyl-coenzyme A. In mammals, two isoenzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2, encoded by two different genes, exist. (medchemexpress.cn)
  • It catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids, preferentially unsaturated fatty acids, to lysophosphatides with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine and CoA. (wakehealth.edu)
  • The enzyme that catalyzes dephosphorylation of phosphatidate is called phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP), or lipin, and this is an important branch point in glycerolipid biosynthesis. (aocs.org)
  • This enzyme catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis, the biological production of methane . (lookformedical.com)
  • Inhibition of acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase, increased mitochondrial and hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation, decreased hepatic lipogenesis, and increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity are potential mechanisms of action. (empowerpharmacy.com)
  • Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)
  • Generally, TAG biosynthesis takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum, and TAG assembly can be divided into acyl-CoA-dependent and acyl-CoA independent pathways [10]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Yeast microsomes expressing EaDAcT possessed acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase activity but lacked long-chain acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the importance of the PAP reaction, identification of the genes responsible for encoding PAP enzymes remained elusive until 2006 when the yeast PAP was identified and was shown to be an orthologue of a family of three mammalian proteins called lipins [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)
  • Agarwal AK, Sukumaran S, Cortes VA, Tunison K, Mizrachi D, Sankella S, Gerard RD, Horton JD, Garg A: Human 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase isoforms 1 and 2: biochemical characterization and inability to rescue hepatic steatosis in Agpat2(-/-) gene lipodystrophic mice. (smpdb.ca)
  • High purity dyed, soluble Azo-CM-Cellulose for the measurement of enzyme activity, for research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. (megazyme.com)
  • In biochemical signaling, diacylglycerol (DAG) functions as a second messenger signaling lipid , a resultant of a reaction conducted by enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) (a membrane -bound enzyme ) that, through the same reaction, produces inositol triphosphate (IP3). (wikidoc.org)
  • This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2 , Khka , and Khkc , and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. (springer.com)
  • Obesity resistance and enhanced glucose metabolism in mice transplanted with white adipose tissue lacking acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. (ucsd.edu)
  • Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic high glucose dramatically influences β-cell lipid metabolism via substrate availability, changes in the activity and expression of enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism, and modifications in the expression level of key transcription factors. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These capsules contain Co - Enzyme Q10, which is thought to help to support the metabolism and work as an antioxidant. (lookformedical.com)
  • An uncharacterized membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family member was the most abundant acyltransferase in the endosperm but was absent from the aril. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphatidate can be converted to CDP-diacylglycerol which is the precursor for the acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol, or it can be converted to diacylglycerol (DG) by dephosphorylation. (aocs.org)
  • Diacylglycerol is the direct precursor for the production of the zwitterionic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (Fig. 1 ). (aocs.org)
  • Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. (deepdyve.com)
  • These enzymes represent a bottleneck in TAG biosynthesis in some oilseed crops and algae, and thus have been regarded as key targets for manipulating TAG production [11]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Oil biosynthesis in plant is a complicated process, more than 30 reactions are required to convert acetyl-CoA to triacylglycerol. (usda.gov)
  • Decanoyl coenzyme A (Decanoyl CoA) is coupled with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by Vibrio cholera CqsA enzyme to produce a potent quorum-sensing molecule, 3-aminotridec-2-en-4-one (Ea-CAI-1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • TG(10:0/15:0/20:1(13Z)) belongs to the family of triradyglycerols, which are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. (ymdb.ca)
  • Mechanistically, MMD physically interacts with both ACSL4 and MBOAT7, two enzymes that catalyze sequential steps to incorporate AA in phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. (bvsalud.org)
  • and in the human diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and 2 assays. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Role of adipocyte-derived factors in enhancing insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue of mice lacking Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1. (ucsd.edu)
  • An important human protein from this family is lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
  • GSK2973980A is a potent and selective Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3 nM. (adooq.com)
  • Diacylglycerols can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at both the C-1 and C-2 positions. (hmdb.ca)
  • Shown on the right is 1- palmitoyl -2- oleoyl - glycerol but diacylglycerol can have many different combinations of fatty acids attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. (wikidoc.org)
  • Furthermore, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), a transcriptional target of SREBP1, mediates the ferroptosis-suppressing activity of SREBP1 by producing monounsaturated fatty acids. (biomed.news)
  • To assess the importance of this carbohydrate-active enzyme in the feeding act of Orciraptor , we recombinantly produced its catalytic domain and studied the enzymatic activity, cellular localisation and function. (megazyme.com)
  • Crystalline cellulose was not digested by the enzyme, which suggests a typical endocellulase activity. (megazyme.com)
  • The phosphatidate formed is dephosphorylated by the PAP activity of the lipins and lastly diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) act on diacylglycerol (DG) to form triacylglycerol (TG). (aocs.org)
  • Of the two most abundant fatty acyl retinyl esters present in the intact differentiated Caco-2 cells, XP620 selectively inhibits retinyl-oleate formation without influencing the retinyl-palmitate formation. (rhea-db.org)
  • Mono- and diacylglycerols are common food additives used to blend together certain ingredients, such as oil and water, which would not otherwise blend well. (hmdb.ca)
  • Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the final acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form TAG, which is the last and limiting step in the acyl-CoA dependent TAG formation pathway [11]. (researchsquare.com)
  • An enzyme localized predominantly within the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Although inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) diffuses into the cytosol , diacylglycerol (DAG) stays close to the plasma membrane , due to its hydrophobic properties. (wikidoc.org)
  • Genes encoding this enzyme have been cloned from several plant species. (usda.gov)
  • With that, we provide evidence that the well-defined perforations produced by protoplast feeders are caused by extracellular carbohydrate-active enzymes and made a first step towards establishing the molecular basis of a fascinating, yet poorly understood microbial feeding strategy. (megazyme.com)
  • Acyltransferases play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human body and have been linked to various diseases. (medchemexpress.cn)