Enzyme activity cells nuclear localization signals. Medical search. Frequent questions

The participation of XRCC1 in these pathways is consistent with the phenotype of xrcc1 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
Through these interactions, PH domains play a role in recruiting proteins to different membranes, thus targeting them to appropriate cellular compartments or enabling them to interact with other components of the signal transduction pathways. (embl.de)
Changing of external physical parameters such as high temperature or osmotic stress elicit immediate activation of signaling pathways leading to changes of enzyme activities and also large scale changes of gene expression patterns. (boku.ac.at)
Many factors such as sensors, signaling pathways, dedicated transcription factors, and chromatin structure contribute to these adaptations. (boku.ac.at)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Targeted therapies exploit molecular vulnerabilities unique to cancer cells and typically alter cellular signaling pathways to inhibit tumorigenic growth and promote cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular signaling pathways modulated by targeted therapies is critical to enhancing the efficacy of these agents. (biomedcentral.com)
for example, in 1858 Louis Pasteur was the first to show that there is a complex balance of oxygen use in animal cells, and that cells use multiple pathways to accomplish energy con-version (Pasteur, 1858). (nobelprize.org)
Cell-based functional bioassays of bio-relevant activities of enzymes, receptors, and signaling molecules and pathways. (wuxibiology.com)
Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
These factors then initiate multiple signal transduction pathways to turn on downstream genes and activate quiescent osteoclast precursor (OCP) cells to become mature osteoclasts [ 1 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
An essential step for understanding gene regulatory pathways at key differentiation time points, therefore, should lie in characterizing the enzymes responsible for reorganizing and potentiating particular chromatin domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
When studying the LTD4 induced signalling pathways we found that CysLT1R mediated stress fibre formation and a calcium response through two heterotrimeric G-proteins, Ga12 and Gai3, respectively and that the LTD4 induced calcium response is dependent on PKCe. (lu.se)
Taken together we have shown that LTD4 might have an impact on tumour development through the regulation of CysLT1R and its downstream signalling pathways. (lu.se)

In the alternative splicing mechanism, the exon encoding a C-terminal breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 C-terminal (BRCT) domain at the C-terminus of DNA ligase III-alpha is replaced by a short positively charged sequence that acts as a nuclear localization signal, generating DNA ligase III-beta. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear DNA ligase III-alpha exists and functions in a stable complex with the DNA repair protein XRCC1. (wikipedia.org)
XRCC1 has no enzymatic activity but instead appears to acts as a scaffold protein by interacting with a large number of proteins involved in base excision and single-strand break repair. (wikipedia.org)
Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
The Doudna lab employs protein engineering and screening strategies to bestow CRISPR-Cas enzymes with improved and novel functionalities. (berkeley.edu)
Recently, we used a similar large-scale protein engineering and screening platform to construct circularly permuted, viral protease-activated ProCas9s that orchestrate programmed cellular responses to pathogen-associated protease activity. (berkeley.edu)
At the cellular level, the actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by a 94-kd protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The human (h) GR belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid superfamily of nuclear receptors and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes positively or negatively. (medscape.com)
Cytoskeletal proteins such as dynamin (see IPR001401 ), Caenorhabditis elegans kinesin-like protein unc-104 (see IPR001752 ), spectrin beta-chain, syntrophin (2 PH domains) and S. cerevisiae nuclear migration protein NUM1. (embl.de)
PTEN is a protean protein with a dual-specificity cytosolic lipid and tyrosine phosphatase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
That seems like a tall enough task for a class of enzymes, and when protein-based life began, it was. (fascea.pics)
For some amino acids there are two variants with a separate enzyme for use in protein translation, which takes place in the mitochondria. (fascea.pics)
In addition, cells can produce more than 300 different protein variants from AARS genes through alternative splicing of their mRNAs or post-translational protein fragmentation. (fascea.pics)
The amino acid sequence for this part of the protein resembled that of a human cytokine, EMAP II, which recruits circulating immune cells in tissues to promote inflammation. (fascea.pics)
shMTHFR enhanced cytosolic and nuclear SHMT/DHFR/TYMS protein complex, MTHFD1 ( A ), as well as DNA repair protein MLH1, and p53 expressions ( B ) in folate repletion and folate depletion. (bioz.com)
shMTHFR enhanced cytosolic and nuclear SHMT/DHFR/TYMS 1 protein expression 2 in HepG2 cells. (bioz.com)
Lower MTHFR is associated with increased proportional cell populations in the G2/M phase, increased cytosol, and nuclear SHMT1/DHFR/TYMS protein expression under folate deficiency. (bioz.com)
Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
Preferential activation of microsomal diacylglycerol/protein kinase C signaling during glucose treatment (De Novo phospholipid synthesis) of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Geranylgeranyl transferase-I (GGTase-I) is one of the key enzymes mediating protein isoprenylation during the posttranslational modification, especially the geranylgeranylation of small GTPase, Rac1 [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, nuclear Dicer fosters termination of RNAPII transcription [ 11 ] and alternative polyadenylation at a subset of protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
More recently, two studies point toward Dicer-dependent nuclear RNAi in mammals by demonstrating that nuclear, chromatin-associated Dicer impairs expression of the microtubule-binding protein Doublecortin in mouse adult neural stem cells [ 14 ] and transactivation of the human secreted frizzled-related protein 1 promoter in cholangiocarcinoma cells [ 15 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
In this study, we investigated the effects of KMS99220 on the signaling involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the enzymes thought to regulate inflammation. (en-journal.org)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis and metabolic function. (en-journal.org)
Matrix protein p17 has two main functions: in infected cell, it targets Gag and Gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. (proteopedia.org)
A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
Cytosine base editors (CBEs) efciently generate precise C·G-to-T·A base conversions, but the activation-induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (AID/APOBEC) protein family deaminase component induces considerable of-target efects and indels. (cinemanija.com)
Regulation at the protein level includes modulation of its cell surface expression, cathepsin L-mediated processing, cellular uptake, secretion, and cytoplasmic vs. nuclear localization. (pafr-signal.com)
Heparanase also augments cell adhesion and signaling cascades leading to enhanced phosphorylation of selected protein kinases and increased transcription of genes associated with aggressive tumor progression. (pafr-signal.com)
This function of heparanase appears independent of its enzymatic activity and HS substrate Talazoparib solubility dmso and is mediated by a protein domain localized at the C-terminus (C-domain) of the protein. (pafr-signal.com)
3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)

Autophagy also regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
The mitochondrial electron transport chain is dispensable for proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells. (nature.com)
Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidative injury is one of the main features in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
Atherosclerosis occurs earlier and with greater severity in the population with diabetes [ 1 - 3 ] and is characterized pathologically by endothelial cell injury, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and thickening of intima [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, stimulation of CysLT1R located in the nuclei induced the activation of ERK1/2, an enzyme which have been shown to mediate LTD4 induced proliferation. (lu.se)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
In fruit flies, an enzyme called DESAT1, a delta-9-desaturase, is a key player in responses to temperature changes at both the cellular level, where it influences membrane fluidity by synthesizing monounsaturated fatty acids, and at the whole-organism level, where it controls temperature-influenced behaviors like mating. (asbmb.org)
Our ongoing project aims to elucidate how cells recognize temperature or cellular events caused by the temperature changes and control the expression of DESAT1 to adapt the cellular processes and behaviors," Umeda said. (asbmb.org)
Beyond the single cell, we also strive to map cellular ensembles, such as brain tissue. (stanford.edu)
We develop tools that can be used to construct cell and tissue atlases, and map the cellular circuits that give rise to function and behavior. (stanford.edu)
To achieve these goals, our laboratory has focused on the development of scalable technologies to detect, measure, and manipulate molecules and circuits, both at the sub-cellular level, and at the level of cell populations. (stanford.edu)
The integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptive signaling pathway that contributes to the biology of a number of hematologic malignancies since they are inherently prone to numerous cellular stresses [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ISR (Fig. 1 ) is a complex signaling pathway that regulates cellular responses to stress stimuli and enables either adaptation or the instigation of cell death mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Through the combined work of these three laureates it was thus demonstrated that the response by gene expression to changes in oxygen is directly coupled to oxygen levels in the animal cell, allowing immediate cellular responses to occur to oxygenation through the action of the HIF transcription factor. (nobelprize.org)
KMS99220 was shown to elevate the enzyme activity of purified AMPK, and phosphorylation of cellular AMPK in BV2 microglia. (en-journal.org)

RSK2, an ERK downstream kinase, is a novel mediator of skeletal muscle cell differentiation through its regulation of NFAT3 activity. (nih.gov)
Previous studies on GGTase-I mainly focused on the regulation of cell growth and differentiation via the Rac1 pathway and have been proved to be closely related to the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of various malignant tumors [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The binding of RANKL to its cognate receptor RANK on pre-osteoclast cell membrane stimulates the expression of key determinants of osteoclast differentiation such as NF-κB, c-Fos, and NFATc1 at the early stage of the process [ 1 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an essential mechanism that guides cell differentiation during development. (elifesciences.org)

During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)
SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. (embl.de)
Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)
Oxidative and electrophilic stresses are sensed by Keap1, which activates Nrf2 to achieve cytoprotection by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
Despite the importance of the PAP reaction, identification of the genes responsible for encoding PAP enzymes remained elusive until 2006 when the yeast PAP was identified and was shown to be an orthologue of a family of three mammalian proteins called lipins [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)
The HuProt microarray results showed that the signals of 343 proteins were higher in the recombinant CRYAA group than in the control group. (molvis.org)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of extracellular enzymes, which function to remodel the pericellular environment, primarily through the cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These include proteins associated with the sarcolemma (see image below), proteins associated with the contractile apparatus (see image below), and various enzymes involved in muscle function. (medscape.com)

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we identify small molecules that increase lactate production by stimulating Myc levels or inhibiting Mpc1 carrier activity and can topically induce the hair cycle. (nature.com)
We were interested in developing small molecules that would target them and stop their activities in specific ways," he says. (fascea.pics)
Maps also chart the connectivity between these molecules, elucidating the circuits and signaling processes that give rise to function. (stanford.edu)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
This initiative is one of the integrated components of the NIH Molecular Libraries Roadmap initiative that offers biomedical researchers access to large-scale automated high throughput screening (HTS) centers in the MLPCN, diverse compound libraries in the Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) and information on biological activities of small molecules in the PubChem BioAssay public database. (nih.gov)

Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy. (frontiersin.org)
role in cell cycle regulation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

A series of studies imply nuclear localisation of mammalian Dicer and association with chromatin. (prolekarniky.cz)
SUMOylation influences Bonus's subnuclear localization, its association with chromatin and interaction with SetDB1. (elifesciences.org)

The myristoylation signal and the NLS thus exert conflicting influences its subcellular localization. (proteopedia.org)

The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a pleiotropic enzyme, inhibiting phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling in the cytosol and stabilizing the genome in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)

While mitochondrial DNA ligase III-alpha also interacts with XRCC1, it is likely that the activity of the mitochondrial targeting sequence of DNA ligase III-alpha is greater than the activity of the XRCC1 nuclear localization signal and that the DNA ligase III-alpha/XRCC1 complex is disrupted when mitochondrial DNA ligase III-alpha passes through the mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)

Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
Following the first member of the Wnt family identified over the last four decades ( 25 ), several recent studies have focused on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ( 26 , 27 ). (frontiersin.org)
Now, the team is going back a step further in the pathway leading to DESAT1 degradation, trying to understand how temperature changes are sensed inside the cell to lead to changes in fatty acid composition and consequent effects on the whole organism. (asbmb.org)
The integrated stress response is a signaling pathway activated in cancer cells in response to both dysregulated growth and metabolism, and also following exposure to many therapies that appears one such targetable pathway for improved treatment of these diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
These activities indicate that pol β functions in base excision repair (BER), which is a major pathway for repairing modified bases in DNA [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RD cells transfected with pcWNV-Cp-DJY or pcDNA3.1 sis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)

We found that the N-terminal (amino acids (aa) 1-68) and C-terminal (aa 416-674) kinase domains of RSK2 directly interacted with nuclear localization signal 1, the Ser/Pro repeat, and the polyproline domains (aa 261-365) of NFAT3. (nih.gov)

In addition, Wnt/β-catenin has emerged as a critical regulator of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is considered one of the root causes of cancer recurrence and metastasis because of their heterogeneity and plasticity ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Studies applying heparanase over-expressing and knock-out mice emphasize its ALK inhibitor role in tissue morphogenesis and as a master regulator of other ECM degrading enzymes. (pafr-signal.com)

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T cell) therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking immunotherapeutic approach for treating various hematological malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google scholar for articles on antigen loss/escape following Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
In order to induce its effects on the intestinal epithelial cells, LTD4 binds to its receptor CysLT1R. (lu.se)
We identified a putative nuclear localisation sequence in CysLT1R, which is crucial for the LTD4, induced internalisation of the receptor. (lu.se)

and exerts a dominant negative effect on the transcriptional activity of hGRα. (medscape.com)

CAR-T cells are engineered to express synthetic receptors that target specific antigens on cancer cells, leading to their eradication. (bvsalud.org)

However, a growing body of evidence points toward localisation and activity of mammalian Dicer in the nucleus. (prolekarniky.cz)
All three mammalian lipins were subsequently shown to have PAP activity and to be expressed in a tissue-specific manner. (aocs.org)

Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC enzyme activity in microsomes, but not in plasma membranes or other membranes, during a 30-min treatment of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
Glucose-induced activation of DAG/PKC signaling in microsomes was not associated with a change in the translocation of Glut-4 transporters from microsomes to the plasma membrane, a biological response that is known to be stimulated by agonists, e.g., phorbol esters, which increase DAG/PKC signaling in plasma membranes, as well as in microsomes. (jci.org)
Within the tightly packed nuclear interior, which lacks defining membranes, various structurally distinct compartments and nuclear bodies (NBs) exist. (rupress.org)

The goal of our laboratory is to develop, scale up, and broadly disseminate molecular technologies for mapping cells and functional circuits. (stanford.edu)
but the molecular mechanisms underlying how cells adapt to variations in oxygen supply were unknown until the prize-winning work described here. (nobelprize.org)
Reuben J. Shaw, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037. (aacrjournals.org)

employed an endogenously HA-tagged Dicer knock-in mouse cell line to show that Dicer is exclusively cytoplasmic. (prolekarniky.cz)

These systems are tested for function in vitro , heterologously in vivo , in situ microbial communities, and in eukaryotic cells. (berkeley.edu)

RSK2 phosphorylated NFAT3 in vitro (Km=3.559 microM), and activation of NFAT3 by RSK2 enhanced the promoter activity of NFAT3 downstream target genes in vivo. (nih.gov)

The connector between them appears to control immune activity and lipid metabolism, and may even affect lifespan. (fascea.pics)
An enzyme for lipid A modification with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose and polymyxin resistance. (colorado.edu)

Compared with DNA ligases I and IV, DNA ligase III is the most active enzyme in the intermolecular joining of DNA duplexes. (wikipedia.org)
heparanase secretion and signaling functions and for maintaining the 3D structure of the active enzyme. (pafr-signal.com)

Although HSPA5 has been implicated in the stress response to environmental injury in several cell types, its role in the glomerular ER stress response is unknown. (bioone.org)
Nuclear localization of Hog1-GFP in response to stress in C. glabrata. (boku.ac.at)
Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)

Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Semithin (1.0-µm) sections resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)

As mentioned above, DNA ligase III-alpha mRNA encodes nuclear and mitochondrial versions of DNA ligase III-alpha. (wikipedia.org)

Conditional depletion of Dicer in mouse embryonic stem cells, for instance, compromises centromere silencing and impairs expression of homologous endogenous dsRNA loci [ 4 , 5 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
We have demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) - derived microenvironment provide a niche which enables the growth of important subsets of ovarian cancer stem cells, which evade growth in conventional systems. (pafr-signal.com)

This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3' to 5' endonucleasic mode. (proteopedia.org)
The former domain possesses a template-binding function and a dRPase activity to remove the 5'-deoxyribose phosphate, the latter domain possesses DNA polymerase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
maintains HOX genes expression in undifferentiated cells. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

It appears that nuclear DNA ligase III-alpha forms a complex with XRCC1 in the cytoplasm and the subsequent nuclear targeting of the resultant complex is directed by the XRCC1 nuclear localization signal. (wikipedia.org)
Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in the cytoplasm, shortly after virus entry into the cell. (proteopedia.org)

DNA ligase 3 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the LIG3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
This activity is predominantly dependent upon the DNA ligase III zinc finger suggesting that the two DNA binding modules of DNA ligase III may be able to simultaneously engage duplex DNA ends. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to nuclear DNA ligase III-alpha, mitochondrial DNA ligase III-alpha functions independently of XRCC1, which is not found in mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)

Here we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that HFSCs utilize glycolytic metabolism and produce significantly more lactate than other cells in the epidermis. (nature.com)
These changes in gene expression alter cell metabolism, tissue re-modeling, and even organismal responses such as increases in heart rate and ventilation. (nobelprize.org)

These findings indicated that KMS99220 leads to AMPK-induced HO-1 expression in microglia, which in turn plays an important role in early anti-inflammatory signaling. (en-journal.org)

Furthermore, the telomerase complex contains numerous additional components that ensure the in vivo activity of the enzyme. (actanaturae.ru)
Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)

For example, cells rapidly adjust their gene expression program according to the internal and external environment. (boku.ac.at)
Animal cells undergo fundamental shifts in gene expression when there are changes in the oxygen levels around them. (nobelprize.org)
William Kaelin, Jr. was in 1995 engaged in the study of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, and after isolation of the first full-length clone of the gene showed that it could suppress tumor growth in VHL mutant tumorigenic cell lines. (nobelprize.org)
Moreover, Td-CGBE/Td-CBEs are more efcient in generating accurate edits in homopolymeric cytosine sites in cells or mouse embryos, suggesting their accuracy and safety for gene therapy and other applications. (cinemanija.com)
Here we successfully developed a two-in-one approach to generate non-viral, gene-specifc targeted CAR-T cells through CRISPR-Cas9. (cinemanija.com)
Collectively, our results demonstrate the high safety and efcacy of non-viral, gene-specifc integrated CAR-T cells, thus providing an innovative technology for CAR-T cell therapy. (cinemanija.com)
These domains are frequently associated with specific gene loci, the activities of which appear to contribute to their biogenesis ( Dundr and Misteli, 2010 ). (rupress.org)
However, NBs are not passive byproducts of specific gene activity but act principally as sites of defined biochemical reactions and of gene activation or repression. (rupress.org)

In most cells, NBs are continuously present in interphase. (rupress.org)

Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

Some researchers now view enzymes as drug targets for cancer, immune disorders, and other diseases. (fascea.pics)

Through fusion with uracil glycosylase inhibitors and further introduction of additional variants, a series of Td-CBEs was obtained either with a high activity similar to that of BE4max or with higher precision compared to other reported accurate CBEs. (cinemanija.com)
Inhibitors directed against the C-domain, combined with inhibitors of heparanase enzymatic activity are being developed to halt tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and inflammation. (pafr-signal.com)

RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems - We use biochemical activity assays in conjunction with structural techniques and sequencing to investigate RNA-targeting CRISPR systems, such as the Type VI effector, Cas13a. (berkeley.edu)
Employing the same cells as used by Much and colleagues, we combined super-resolution microscopy followed by 3D reconstitution and biochemical assays to show that endogenously tagged HA-Dicer prominently localises in the nucleus under physiological conditions. (prolekarniky.cz)
Our experts provide high-quality and cost-effective screening services covering biochemical, radiometric, and cell-based, to high content, multiplex, LC/MS based screening for hit identification and lead discovery. (wuxibiology.com)
Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)

We propose that the BPTI decamer, with a heparin chain threading the decamer channel, plays a functional role in the mast cell. (lu.se)

Although H3 acetylation at K18 has been shown to stimulate MMP-9 enzymatic activity toward H3NT, nothing is known about the influence of other H3NT modifications on this epigenetic reaction. (biomedcentral.com)

The contribution of prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid hormones to the Leydig cell function is discussed, undecanoato de testosterona comprar. (ypdacademy.com)
Our data indicate evolutionary conservation of nuclear Dicer localisation and function in mammals in response to DNA damage. (prolekarniky.cz)
Like macrophages, the major function of microglia is to remove cell debris and pathogens in response to injury or toxic insults. (en-journal.org)
The second function is to play a role in nuclear localization of the viral genome at the very start of cell infection. (proteopedia.org)
The classic archetypal function of nuclear bodies is to accelerate specific reactions within their crowded space. (rupress.org)

In humans, TyrRS contains an extra segment at the carboxy terminus of the enzyme, a feature not present in prokaryotes or lower eukaryotes. (fascea.pics)

shMTHFR assisted purine synthesis in HepG2 cells under folate deficiency and such impacts were amplified after folinate supplementation. (bioz.com)

We employ traditional biochemistry, combined with sequencing, live-cell imaging, and structural biology approaches, to uncover the fundamental mechanisms driving the CRISPR effectors now being developed as genome editing and diagnostic tools. (berkeley.edu)

Geranylgeranyl transferase-I (GGTase-I) is an essential enzyme mediating posttranslational modification, especially the geranylgeranylation of small GTPase, Rac1. (hindawi.com)

use an elegant transgene system in Drosophila melanogaster to manipulate the localization and activity of specific NB components without NB disassembly. (rupress.org)

Figure 2: Ldh activity increases during HFSC activation. (nature.com)

Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

Loss of nuclear and cytosolic PTEN, loss of nuclear USP7 and increase of cytosolic SUMO2/3 thus correlated with poor survival. (biomedcentral.com)

Using the endosome marker Rab5, we observed localization into endosomes. (mdpi.com)

The phosphatidate formed is dephosphorylated by the PAP activity of the lipins and lastly diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) act on diacylglycerol (DG) to form triacylglycerol (TG). (aocs.org)

In the vaginal tract Candida cells compete with the commensal bacterial microflora (e.g. (boku.ac.at)

Although normally dormant, hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) quickly become activated to divide during a new hair cycle. (nature.com)
Stem Cells 29 , 1459-1468 (2011). (nature.com)
Stem cells are characterized by a lower telomerase activity, which enables only partial compensation for the shortening of telomeres. (actanaturae.ru)
Osteoblasts are mononucleated mesenchymal stem cells that form bone matrix, whereas osteoclasts are bone-resorbing multinucleated cells that differentiate from hematopoietic progenitors of the myeloid lineage [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

KMS99220 lowered phosphorylation of IκB, nuclear translocation of NFκB, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and generation of nitric oxide in BV2 cells that had been challenged with lipopolysaccharide. (en-journal.org)

Here, we systematically compared combinatorial SpCas9, AsCas12a, and CHyMErA in hTERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells and extracted performance-critical parameters for combinatorial and orthogonal CRISPR screens. (nature.com)

Abnormal endothelial cell migration is seen in various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and macular degeneration. (asbmb.org)

Anatomy31

Organisms21

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Pathways18

Protein32

Proliferation7

Cellular10

Differentiation4

Proteins10

Molecules7

Regulation4

Association with chromatin2

Subcellular localization1

Cytosol1

Targeting sequence1

Pathway6

Kinase1

Regulator2

Receptor4

Transcriptional1

Receptors1

Mammalian2

Membranes3

Molecular3

Cytoplasmic1

Eukaryotic cells1

Downstream1

Lipid2

Active enzyme2

Stress3

Apoptosis2

MRNA1

Embryonic stem2

Polymerase activity2

Genes2

Cytoplasm2

Ligase3

Metabolism2

AMPK1

Vivo2

Gene8

Interphase1

Senescence1

Targets1

Inhibitors2

Biochemical4

Functional1

Enzymatic activity1

Function5

Eukaryotes1

Synthesis1

Biology1

Transferase1

Drosophila1

Activation1

Populations1

Survival1

Endosome1

Diacylglycerol1

Bacterial1

Stem Cells4

Translocation1

Epithelial cells1

Endothelial cell1