Envelope membrane. Medical search. Frequent questions

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) proteins that mediate membrane fusion represent a major target for the development of new AIDS therapies. (nih.gov)
It is primarily composed of proteins, such as lysozyme, ovomucin and vitelline outer membrane proteins that are responsible for constructing the network of dense, thin protein fibres that establish the foundation for further growth of the outer layer during embryonic development. (wikipedia.org)
Apart from the 13 proteins identified to make up the membrane, the proteins that are key to providing antimicrobial properties to the membrane are the vitelline outer membrane proteins (VMO) 1 and 2. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we combined subtractive proteomics and proximity-labelling technology coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry to understand the landscape of NE membrane proteins in Arabidopsis. (nih.gov)
Results of the RV144 vaccine clinical trial indicated that antibody responses to the gp120 B/E envelope proteins were the major components of the vaccine that contributed to the efficacy signal. (nih.gov)
Results of contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) efforts to produce envelope proteins using pre-existing platforms developed for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-based monoclonal antibody production have been disappointing. (nih.gov)
The use of CHO-based protein expressions systems previously used for the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have resulted in significantly lower yields of HIV envelope proteins (100-1000x fold lower) compared to mAb expression (mgs/l of envelope product compared to the typical g/l yield of mAb). (nih.gov)
The nuclear envelope is a specialized structure composed of membrane proteins that protects the nuclear content from the cytoplasm. (biologists.com)
This occurs in two phases: First, the nuclear envelope is gradually permeabilized as nuclear pore complexes and other proteins are disassembled by phosphorylation signals, thus weakening the nuclear envelope and slowly allowing proteins to leak in and out. (biologists.com)
Breakdown of the nuclear envelope (NE) was analyzed in live starfish oocytes using a size series of fluorescently labeled dextrans, membrane dyes, and GFP-tagged proteins of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and the nuclear lamina. (silverchair.com)
Nuclear pores within the membrane allow small molecules and ions to cross back and forth, while larger molecules need to transport proteins to help them through. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Mid-SUN proteins are a neglected family of conserved type III membrane proteins of ancient origin with representatives in plants, animals and fungi. (brookes.ac.uk)
Chloroplast targeted proteins are actively imported into chloroplasts via the machinery spanning the double layered membranes of chloroplasts. (usda.gov)
While the key translocons at the outer (TOC) and inner (TIC) membranes of chloroplasts are defined, proteins that interact with the core machinery to facilitate preprotein import are continuously being discovered. (usda.gov)
Consistent with the direct interactions of OR with Tic proteins, the binding efficiency assay revealed that the effect of OR likely occurs at translocation at the inner envelope membrane (i.e. at the TIC complex). (usda.gov)
Two membrane envelope proteins are important in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Further investigation revealed that, upon rupturing, members of the ESCRT family of proteins appeared at the site of damage and resealed the nuclear membranes. (nih.gov)
Researchers suspect that DNA repair proteins may be unable to enter the nucleus if ALADIN is missing from the nuclear envelope. (nih.gov)
1. Identification of potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting proteins responsible for envelope formation and virion assembly using docking based virtual screening, and pharmacokinetics approaches. (nih.gov)
16. Sars-CoV-2 Envelope and Membrane Proteins: Structural Differences Linked to Virus Characteristics? (nih.gov)
It is a keratinocyte protein that first appears in the cell cytosol, but ultimately becomes cross-linked to membrane proteins by transglutaminase. (novusbio.com)
Membrane proteins often transverse through a broad energy landscape and undergo large conformational changes during function. (fu-berlin.de)
Ketter S, Gopinath A, Rogozhnikova O, Trukhin D, Tormyshev VM, Bhagryanskaya EG, Joseph B ( 2021 ) In situ labeling and distance measurements of membrane proteins in E. coli using Finland and OX063 trityl labels. (fu-berlin.de)
Joseph B*, Jaumann EA, Sikora A, Barth K, Prisner TF, Cafiso DS ( 2019 ) In situ observation of conformational dynamics and protein-ligand/substrate interaction in outer membrane proteins with DEER/PELDOR spectroscopy. (fu-berlin.de)
The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB ) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins , including ion channels . (wikipedia.org)
The inner membrane of the nuclear envelope contains many different proteins that help keep genetic materials grouped together and in place. (databasefootball.com)
Only select proteins that conform to a specific molecular structure can pass through the double-layer of the nuclear membrane, entering at spots called nuclear pores. (databasefootball.com)
Structural proteins: The most prominent are the envelope proteins gp120 and gp41 that 'grow' like trees from the outer lipid bilayer membrane. (getjar.com)
Matrix proteins form the trimers and are inserted into the inner side of the lipid bilayer membrane and form the inner coating of the outer viral vesicle. (getjar.com)

The vitelline membrane or vitelline envelope is a structure surrounding the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an ovum (the oolemma) or, in some animals (e.g., birds), the extracellular yolk and the oolemma. (wikipedia.org)
It is composed mostly of protein fibers, with protein receptors needed for sperm binding which, in turn, are bound to sperm plasma membrane receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Here we show that gangliosides, basic components of the host cell's plasma membrane, have an important role in this process. (plos.org)
Thus, in addition to the well-known function of gangliosides as host cell receptors that mediate virus (e.g., polyoma and SV40) attachment and transport from the plasma membrane to the ER, we now demonstrate that they can also act as determinants for capture by mDCs. (plos.org)
To ensure each cell remains separate from its neighbor, a special membrane, known as the plasma membrane, envelops the cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The encoded protein localizes to the plasma membrane, where it regulates diverse processes, such as secretion, phagocytosis, and cell polarization. (nih.gov)

The lamin B receptor can be found in the membrane that surrounds the nucleus (the nuclear envelope). (medlineplus.gov)
Nuclear Envelope - the porous membrane surrounding the nucleus most of the cell cycle. (washington.edu)
The nuclear envelope provides a way of separating what happens in the nucleus from what happens in the cytoplasm. (washington.edu)
Cells have three parts: the membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A membrane called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Green fluorescent protein spills from the ruptured nucleus into the cytoplasm, then is reimported into the nucleus once the nuclear envelope has been restored. (nih.gov)
When squeezing through, cells have a limitation: the nucleus, a large structure surrounded by a protective outer lining called the nuclear envelope. (nih.gov)
Within cells, ALADIN is found in the nuclear envelope, the structure that surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell. (nih.gov)
To begin with, the outer membrane of the nucleus is referred to as the nuclear envelope. (databasefootball.com)
The nuclear envelope is a double-layered membrane that contains all the parts of the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm of the cell. (databasefootball.com)
The nuclear envelope is full of holes called nuclear pores, which allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus. (databasefootball.com)
The nucleoplasm is a jelly-like substance that is found within the nuclear envelope, and its function is similar to the cytoplasm found in the main cell, supporting the nucleus and protecting its contents. (databasefootball.com)
The outer membrane of the nucleus is a phospholipid bi-layer , much like the cell membrane, and it has ribosomes on the surface of it. (databasefootball.com)
The nuclear envelope is semi-permeable, which allows it to manage which kind of materials can exit and enter the nucleus. (databasefootball.com)
The nuclear pores are what allow substances to pass through both the inner and outer membranes of the nucleus. (databasefootball.com)

This suggested that growing gaps between pore complexes are extruded by the F-actin spikes, sorting the nuclear envelope globally to pore-free and pore-dense regions even when the membrane is initially intact. (biologists.com)

a. nuclear envelope b. chloroplast c. (pearson.com)
While some membranes of plant cells have been extensively studied, the biosynthesis and maintenance of chloroplast thylakoid membrane remains poorly known. (frontiersin.org)
OEP40, a regulated glucose-permeable β-barrel solute channel in the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. (mpg.de)

The researchers developed antimicrobial molecules dubbed peptoids that target the lipid phosphatidylserine found in the membrane of viruses. (acs.org)
Here, we show that gangliosides in the HIV-1 membrane are the key molecules for mDC uptake. (plos.org)
The absence of ALADIN likely disrupts the movement of molecules across this membrane. (nih.gov)
The function of cells depends on transport of diverse molecules across the biological membrane. (fu-berlin.de)
The phospholipid bilayer of a biological membrane is virtually impermeable to charged molecules. (biorxiv.org)

The conformational change induces fusion of viral and host-cell membranes. (nih.gov)
They are the F (fusion) protein, which is responsible for fusion of virus and host cell membranes, viral penetration, and hemolysis, and the HA (hemagglutinin) protein, which is responsible for adsorption of virus to cells. (cdc.gov)

Dengue virus enters a host cell when the viral envelope glycoprotein, E, binds to a receptor and responds by conformational rearrangement to the reduced pH of an endosome. (nih.gov)

Second, the nuclear envelope suddenly ruptures so that the cytoplasm mixes quickly and completely with the nuclear contents. (biologists.com)
The authors suggest that these bodies may be inverted nuclear envelope tubules filled with cytoplasm, which is also indicated by the presence of ribosomes. (biologists.com)
It may function as a viroporin in the virion envelope that facilitates uncoating of the virus in order to release the genomic RNA into the cytoplasm for subsequent replication. (tcdb.org)

Previous higher plant studies have associated them with functions at the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (brookes.ac.uk)

Kirshenbaum says the peptoids were found to be targeting a lipid called phosphatidylserine, which is believed to be in the membrane of all enveloped viruses. (acs.org)
William C. Wimley, a biochemist and molecular biologist at Tulane University who was not involved in the study, says this paper confirms that broad spectrum antivirals could target the viral envelope and that phosphatidylserine is a key lipid to target. (acs.org)
Specifically, my lab is interested in viruses that contain a lipid bilayer membrane and contain plus strand RNA as their genetic material. (purdue.edu)
Its central capsule of the oval shape is surrounded by the round vesicle made of the lipid bilayer (=elementary cell membrane). (getjar.com)

Gangliosides are known to be incorporated into the viral envelope membrane during the process of viral particle budding and here we show that they serve as viral attachment factors: they are recognized and enable HIV-1 uptake by mDCs. (plos.org)

12. Design of Potent Membrane Fusion Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, an Emerging Coronavirus with High Fusogenic Activity. (nih.gov)

This itself triggers the cortical reaction, which results in depositing several substances onto the vitelline membrane through exocytosis of the cortical granules, transforming it into a hard layer called the "fertilization membrane", which serves as a barrier inaccessible to other spermatozoa. (wikipedia.org)
Phospholipids make most of this membrane and prevent water-based substances from entering the cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The vitelline envelope has glycoproteins and peptides that allow for species-specific sperm binding and recognition. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane fusion is mediated by the viral surface glycoproteins, which undergo a series of large-scale conformational changes that allow them first to insert in the target membrane, then to bring the viral and cellular membranes together. (nih.gov)

Three classes of Env-mediated membrane fusion inhibitors have been described that specifically target the pre-hairpin intermediate conformation of gp41. (nih.gov)

These bodies seemed reminiscent of several potential processes, including aggregation of nuclear pore complexes into the nucleoplasm and membrane vesicle formation. (biologists.com)
Vesicle trafficking maintains nuclear shape in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during membrane proliferation. (nih.gov)
A role in thylakoid membrane maintenance and reorganization has been proposed for Vesicle Inducing Protein in Plastid 1 (VIPP1), the putative PspA ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana . (frontiersin.org)
They bind the HIV vesicle to the receptors on the membrane of the host cell. (getjar.com)

For example, in the sea urchin species, red sea urchin and purple sea urchin, the vitelline membrane has bindin receptors for the bindin protein present on the sperm head. (wikipedia.org)

The electrical membrane potential ( V m ) is one of the components of the electrochemical potential of protons across the biological membrane (proton motive force), which powers many vital cellular processes, and V m also plays a role in signal transduction. (biorxiv.org)

Viruses initiate infection by delivering the genomes from within the viral capsid or a membrane envelope to the target cell. (nih.gov)
Enveloped viruses accomplish this by fusing/merging their membrane with a cellular membrane. (nih.gov)

Tomato SlVIPP1 , like its Arabidopsis VIPP1 ortholog, is one of such genes, whose studies in both model species reveal that the formation and maintenance of thylakoid membranes is an essential process for plant growth and survival. (frontiersin.org)

The flavivirus precursor membrane-envelope protein complex: structure and maturation. (purdue.edu)

By carefully analyzing samples at different stages of nuclear envelope morphological changes, the authors confirmed previous observations that the lamina network remains intact after nuclear envelope rupture, though it folds during NEBD. (biologists.com)
The nuclear envelope forms a separate layer from the F-actin shell, while the lamina network co-localized with actin by phalloidin staining. (biologists.com)
This indicates that the lamina serves as the scaffold for F-actin to assemble, but the nuclear membranes are detached from the lamina by the F-actin shell. (biologists.com)
While the lamina and nuclear membranes appeared intact at the light microscopic level, a fenestration of the NE was clearly visible by electron microscopy in phase II. (silverchair.com)

These cell lines provide a stable source of native HIV-1 envelope for multiple uses, including the high-efficiency production of virus-like particles (VLPs) for use as vaccines, testing new inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies, or identifying/capturing B cells that produce broadly neutralizing antibodies from infected/vaccinated humans or animals. (nih.gov)
By measuring the fusion kinetics of individual virus particles and their mutants in the presence or absence of antibodies or inhibitors, we have uncovered the detailed mechanism of membrane fusion by influenza virus. (nih.gov)

APAC is the fastest-growing building envelope adhesives & sealants market globally. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Despite its emerging role as a key structural and signaling platform, the plant NE remains one of the least understood membrane systems. (brookes.ac.uk)

Alteration of OR expression affects preprotein import efficiency, which occurs at the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts. (usda.gov)

Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoids, membrane-bound compartments consisting of an ordered internal membrane network surrounding a thylakoidal lumen. (frontiersin.org)

In Escherichia coli , the Phage shock stress A (PspA) protein is involved in the maintenance of the integrity of its inner membrane in response to the damage produced by exposure to stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)

This phase is visible with light microscopy and is referred to as nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). (biologists.com)
They propose that this can generate force and pull apart the nuclear membranes to destabilize the structure during NEBD. (biologists.com)
After NEBD, the nuclear envelope appeared to be "floating" above the laminar network, a detachment that is dependent on the F-actin shell. (biologists.com)

The budding yeast nuclear envelope adjacent to the nucleolus serves as a membrane sink during mitotic delay. (nih.gov)

Kugele A, Ketter S, Silkenath B, Wittmann V, Joseph, B* Drescher M * ( 2021 ) In situ EPR Spectroscopy of a Bacterial Membrane Transporter using an Expanded Genetic Code. (fu-berlin.de)
For the case of bacteria, which are smaller in size and possess a stiffer cell wall, arguably the most popular approach to measuring membrane voltage are Nernstian probes that accumulate across the bacterial membrane according to the Nernst potential. (biorxiv.org)

Following rapid mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation, the nuclear envelope must then be quickly reassembled to ensure the integrity of the genome following cell division. (biologists.com)

Joseph B*, Sikora A, Cafiso DS* ( 2016 ) Ligand-induced conformational changes in a membrane transporter in E. coli cells observed with DEER/PELDOR. (fu-berlin.de)
Joseph B, Sikora A, Bordignon E, Jeschke G, Cafiso DS, Prisner TF ( 2015) Distance Measurement on an Endogenous Membrane Transporter in E. coli Cells and Native Membranes Using EPR Spectroscopy. (fu-berlin.de)

Here, they use confocal and super-resolution microscopy as well as correlated electron microscopy to observe the rapid and dramatic changes in nuclear envelope morphology to find that the F-actin shell on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope projects spikes into the nuclear membranes. (biologists.com)
Morphology and function of membrane-bound organelles. (nih.gov)

The nuclear envelope (NE) is structurally and functionally vital for eukaryotic cells, yet its protein constituents and their functions are poorly understood in plants. (nih.gov)
In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)

Now, Wesolowska et al use starfish oocytes to continue the investigation into the role of this F-actin shell in mediating nuclear membrane rupture. (biologists.com)

In plants, this membrane is poorly understood in terms of how it functions and what it consists of. (brookes.ac.uk)

In sea urchins, the formation of the vitelline membrane comes directly after fertilization and later thickens to form the fertilization membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Our work with slvipp1 plants evidences that SlVIPP1 is an essential gene required for tomato survival, since its function is crucial for the proper formation and/or maintenance of thylakoid membranes. (frontiersin.org)

It is also an important component of cell membranes and myelin, the fatty covering that insulates nerve cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Since membranes play essential roles in all living beings, all cells have developed mechanisms for efficient and fast repair of membrane damage. (frontiersin.org)
Endothelial cells transfected with a rat PV-1 construct show a punctate membrane distribution of PV-1, perinuclear accumulation, and an association with the nuclear envelope. (nih.gov)
Nuclear envelopes of breast cancer cells rupture when the cells migrate through a microfluidic device. (nih.gov)
As the cells squished through pores that were about the size of their nuclei or smaller, the nuclear envelopes sometimes ruptured. (nih.gov)

Nuclear envelopes form around the two new nuclei. (washington.edu)

Over the past few years, we demonstrated an in-situ pulsed ESR spectroscopy approach (DEER/PELDOR) for observing the structure and conformational changes of outer membrane protein complexes in the native membrane and intact E. coli. (fu-berlin.de)

The vitelline membrane is known to function as a barrier that allows for diffusion of water and selective nutrients between the albumen and the yolk. (wikipedia.org)
In the chicken egg, the yolk is separated from the albumen by the vitelline membrane which acts as a barrier to microbial infection. (wikipedia.org)
Self-adhered membrane for air- and water-resistive barrier systems. (buildings.com)
StoGuard Gold Coat TA is a trowel-applied, vapor-permable air barrier membrane that is troweled directly onto vertical above-grade wall sheathing and concrete masonry. (buildings.com)
Following extensive evaluation and testing, project planners selected Henry ® Building Envelope Systems ® solutions to restore part of the convention center's existing roof, serve as the building's air barrier and waterproofing systems, and provide gaskets for the underground water management system. (henry.com)

Proper interaction of chromatin with the nuclear envelope may play a role in several important cellular functions such as making new copies of DNA (replication), controlling the activity of genes, and regulating programmed cell death (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)

Cohen, Hughes, and their colleagues engineered strains of Salmonella to determine if LppA acted as a tether for the outer membrane and whether or not the outer membrane influenced flagellar rod length. (sciencedaily.com)

The protein's interaction with chromatin attaches it to the nuclear envelope and helps maintain the chromatin's structure. (medlineplus.gov)
C. elegans pronuclei fuse after fertilization through a novel membrane structure. (nih.gov)
This allowed us to observe the structure and dynamics of the cobalamin transport complex (BtuB-TonB), β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) and the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide translocon LptDE in intact E. coli and isolated native membranes. (fu-berlin.de)

The role of SUN3 in the ER is reinforced by the identification of a protein interaction between SUN3 and the ER membrane-bound transcription factor maMYB. (brookes.ac.uk)
Joseph B*, Tormyshev VM, Rogozhnikova OYu, Akhmetzyanov D, Bagryanskaya EG, Prisner TF* ( 2016 ) Selective High-Resolution Detection of Membrane Protein-Ligand Interaction in Native Membranes using Trityl-Nitroxide PELDOR. (fu-berlin.de)

Here, we show that N(CCG)-gp41, a class 2 inhibitor, and N36(Mut(e,g)), a class 3 inhibitor, synergistically inhibit Env-mediated membrane fusion for several representative HIV-1 strains (X4 and R5) in both a cell fusion assay (with membrane-bound CD4) and an Env-pseudo-typed virus neutralization assay. (nih.gov)

An example of the dramatic F-actin spikes that appear to pierce through the nuclear envelope (marked by nuclear pore complexes). (biologists.com)
Strikingly, the EM images showed that the F-actin spikes were localized to regions of nuclear membrane that had no nuclear pore complexes. (biologists.com)
The photosynthetic machinery, including the photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) and the light-harvesting complexes I and II (LHCI and LHCII), is embedded in the thylakoid membranes. (frontiersin.org)

Inactivation of the C. elegans lipin homolog leads to ER disorganization and to defects in the breakdown and reassembly of the nuclear envelope. (nih.gov)

Anatomy56

Organisms20

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs91

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins29

Plasma membrane6

Nucleus15

Sorting the nuclear envelope1

Chloroplast3

Molecules5

Host-cell membranes2

Glycoprotein1

Cytoplasm3

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Lipid4

Viral envelope1

Coronavirus1

Substances2

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Fusion inhibitors1

Vesicle4

Receptors1

Biological membrane1

Viruses2

Arabidopsis1

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Lamina4

Inhibitors2

Globally1

Structural1

Chloroplasts1

Lumen1

Escherichia1

NEBD3

Nucleolus1

Bacterial2

Mitotic1

Transporter2

Morphology2

Eukaryotic cells3

Starfish oocytes1

Poorly1

Formation2

Cells5

Nuclei1

Conformational1

Barrier5

Cellular1

Flagellar1

Structure3

Interaction2

Strains1

Complexes3

Breakdown1