Entorhinal cortex. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neurons in the entorhinal cortex that express the secreted protein reelin and project their axons to the hippocampus degenerate very early in the disease process, and downregulation of reelin expression precedes their demise. (nih.gov)
Understanding the function of the entorhinal cortex (EC) has been an important subject over the years, not least because of its cortical intermediary to and from the hippocampus proper, and because of electrophysiological advances which have started to reveal the physiology in behaving animals. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Moreover, BDNF gene delivery improved synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the entorhinal cortex and, through anterograde BDNF transport, in the hippocampus (p 0.01). (nih.gov)
The importance of the entorhinal cortex (ERC), an area that is closely interconnected anatomically with the hippocampus, in these forms of learning is less clear cut. (ox.ac.uk)
Taken together, the existing data point to a regional cascade in which entorhinal cortical alterations directly contribute to downstream changes in its primary afferent region, the hippocampus. (elsevierpure.com)
Standard models for spatial and episodic memory suggest that the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) send parallel independent inputs to the hippocampus, each carrying different types of information. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we evaluate the possibility that information is integrated between divisions of the entorhinal cortex prior to reaching the hippocampus. (elsevierpure.com)
This brain area includes the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex. (nih.gov)
Neurons involved in tracking time have also been found in the hippocampus, but less is known about the role of the medial entorhinal cortex in time keeping. (nih.gov)
A team of researchers led by Jozsef Csicsvari , Professor at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), showed that, in rats, the entorhinal cortex replays memories of movement independent of input from the hippocampus. (ist.ac.at)
Until now, the entorhinal cortex has been considered subservient to the hippocampus in both memory formation and recall. (ist.ac.at)
But we show that the medial entorhinal cortex can replay the firing pattern associated with moving in a maze independent of the hippocampus. (ist.ac.at)
The entorhinal cortex could be a new system for memory formation that works in parallel to the hippocampus", Jozsef Csicsvari explains. (ist.ac.at)
They showed that neurons in the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (sMEC), a part of MEC that sends input to the hippocampus and contain the grid cells, fire during the memory task and encode routes as bursts of firing. (ist.ac.at)
Instead, the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus are probably two systems for memory formation and recall. (ist.ac.at)
S-nitrosylated (SNO) proteins were identified in two brain regions, cortex and hippocampus, in P301S and Wild Type (WT) littermate control mice. (nih.gov)
OBJECTIVES It has been shown that atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex shown on MRI may distinguish patients with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. (bmj.com)

Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that ACh, by activating oriens lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons and therefore augmenting the negative-feedback regulation to the CA1 pyramidal neurons, suppresses the circuit from the hippocampal area CA1 to the deep-layer entorhinal cortex (EC). (nih.gov)
In this respect, neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex are selectively vulnerable in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (elsevierpure.com)
We consider whether specific developmental, anatomical, or biochemical features of neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex contribute to their particular sensitivity to aging and AD. (elsevierpure.com)
Stranahan, AM & Mattson, MP 2010, ' Selective vulnerability of neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex during aging and Alzheimer's disease ', Neural Plasticity , vol. 2010, 108190. (elsevierpure.com)
Dogs tell time with their amazing sense of smell , circadian rhythm, and - more recently discovered - can judge time with neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex, the part of the brain that is associated with navigation and memories," Johnson said. (thedodo.com)
A) Immunohistochemistry, using EEEV immune ascites, of the entorhinal temporal cortex, demonstrating EEEV-infected neurons (arrow) (magnification ×400). (cdc.gov)

The medial septum (MS) is required for theta rhythmic oscillations and grid cell firing in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). (jneurosci.org)

The entorhinal cortex (EC) is an area of the brain's allocortex, located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time. (wikipedia.org)

Research generally highlights a useful distinction in which the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) mainly supports processing of space, whereas the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) mainly supports the processing of time. (wikipedia.org)
Previously we reported results which suggested that response types are critical in dissociating the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in a scene memory task ( Yoo and Lee, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
Vandrey BArmstrong JBrown CMGarden DLFNolan MF (2022) Edinburgh DataShare Fan cells in lateral entorhinal cortex directly influence medial entorhinal cortex through synaptic connections in layer 1. (elsevierpure.com)

People with the Alzheimer's-related variant of the ApoE gene might not be able to sustain much aging-related tissue loss in the entorhinal cortex before they cross a critical threshold," explained Shaw. (nih.gov)

We will determine whether downregulation of reelin by amyloid beta-peptide can be reversed by TRF2-S. These studies may reveal a novel approach for preserving the entorhinal cortex - hippocampal circuit that affected early in AD. (nih.gov)
A map of abstract relational knowledge in the human hippocampal-entorhinal cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
The hippocampal-entorhinal system encodes a map of space that guides spatial navigation. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we show that the human hippocampal-entorhinal system can represent relationships between objects using a metric that depends on associative strength. (ox.ac.uk)
We reconstruct a map-like knowledge structure directly from a hippocampal-entorhinal functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation signal in a situation where relationships are non-spatial rather than spatial, discrete rather than continuous, and unavailable to conscious awareness. (ox.ac.uk)
Previous studies suggest that the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) may have a role in reproducibly selecting the hippocampal representation of an environment. (synthneuro.org)

Neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) accumulation in the entorhinal cortex (EC) precedes the transformation from cognitive controls to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
It was already known that adults destined to develop Alzheimer's disease tend to have a smaller and less active entorhinal cortex. (nih.gov)
Youth with at least one copy of the relatively rare ApoE2 variant - which may confer a protective effect against developing Alzheimer's - showed the thickest entorhinal cortex. (nih.gov)
ApoE4 gene type also predicted thinning of two other brain regions (medial temporal and posterior orbitofrontal areas) affected early in Alzheimer's disease, which, like the entorhinal cortex, are involved in learning and memory. (nih.gov)
For example, the entorhinal cortex thinning seen in Alzheimer's disease is about 10-fold greater than in the youth with ApoE4. (nih.gov)
It is suspected that in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, tau build-up begins in the entorhinal cortex . (newscientist.com)

Stereological analysis of entorhinal cortical cell number demonstrated 20% reductions in neuronal number in layers II-VI of the entorhinal cortex in untreated APP mutant mice compared with wild-type mice (p0.0001), and significant amelioration of cell loss by BDNF (p 0.001). (nih.gov)

These layers receive input from other cortical areas, especially associational, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices, as well as prefrontal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
B. Hypothesized interactions between prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and medial temporal lobe during memory encoding and retrieval predicted by CMR. (upenn.edu)
The decline of cognitive functions in aging and disease, especially those functions that rely upon the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, appears to stem, at least in part, from selective changes in synaptic function and integrity. (nih.gov)

Time-lapse maps have been constructed from sequential brain MRI scans to reveal the anatomic sequence of cortical atrophy.19 Cortical regions that myelinate first are typically least vulnerable to AD pathology (eg, primary sensorimotor and visual cortices). (psychiatrictimes.com)
7. Entorhinal cortex tau, amyloid-β, cortical thickness and memory performance in non-demented subjects. (nih.gov)

Brodmann area 28 is known as the "area entorhinalis" Brodmann area 34 is known as the "area entorhinalis dorsalis" In 2005, it was discovered that entorhinal cortex contains a neural map of the spatial environment in rats. (wikipedia.org)
The same group of researchers has found speed cells in the medial entorhinal cortex of rats. (wikipedia.org)

Stimulation of entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuitry is antidepressive. (chop.edu)

APP transgenic mice underwent lentiviral BDNF gene delivery into the entorhinal cortices at age 2 months and were examined 5 months later. (nih.gov)
Researchers discovered a set of brain cells in the medial entorhinal cortex that keeps track of time in mice. (nih.gov)
It was discovered that mammals such as mice and dogs aren't so much telling time as they are judging time using 'timing cells' in the brain's medial entorhinal cortex when at rest. (thedodo.com)

In comparison with other parts of the cerebral cortex, the cytoarchitectural differentiation of the EC begins remarkably early, in the 10th week of gestation (w.g. (mssm.edu)

This concept is underscored by the fact that fan cells of the entorhinal cortex are indispensable for the formation of episodic-like memories in rodents. (wikipedia.org)

The earliest neuropathological changes of AD appear in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and perforant pathway (PP). In this study, Turboprop-DTI was used to detect changes in the diffusion characteristics of EC/PP in patients with AD. (ismrm.org)

HD cells of the AD are necessary for the establishment of higher level spatial representations in the brain's navigation system, for example the grid cells of the medial entorhinal cortex 9 . (nature.com)
A thinner entorhinal cortex, a structure in the lower middle part of the brain's outer mantle, may render these youth more susceptible to degenerative changes and mental decline later in life, propose Drs. Philip Shaw, Judith Rapoport, Jay Giedd, and NIMH and McGill University colleagues. (nih.gov)

GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons provide powerful inhibitory modulation of grid cells in layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC LII). (solent.ac.uk)
Modulatory effects of activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors on GABAergic circuits in the mouse cortex. (chop.edu)
J Neurophysiol 96: 3305-3313, 2006), observed a novel form of spike timing dependent plasticity (iSTDP) in GABAergic synaptic couplings in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. (yale.edu)

Here, we investigated whether the perirhinal cortex (PER) and postrhinal cortex (POR), the upstream regions of the LEC and MEC, respectively, could be dissociated similarly. (elifesciences.org)

The entorhinal cortex is a portion of the rostral parahippocampal gyrus. (wikipedia.org)

Among these structures, the entorhinal cortex (EC) may play a pivotal role as suggested by lesion and electrophysiological data. (univ-amu.fr)

Little is known about the development of the human entorhinal cortex (EC), a major hub in a widespread network for learning and memory, spatial navigation, high-order processing of object information, multimodal integration, attention and awareness, emotion, motivation, and perception of time. (mssm.edu)

Functional significance of synaptic terminal size in glutamatergic sensory pathways in thalamus and cortex. (chop.edu)

When a spatial memory is formed, cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), especially grid cells, act like a navigational system. (ist.ac.at)

Using a brain imaging technique, the researchers tracked neuron activity in the medial entorhinal cortex. (nih.gov)

Two populations of corticothalamic and interareal corticocortical cells in the subgranular layers of the mouse primary sensory cortices. (chop.edu)
In the issue of multisensory cross-talk, it is widely assumed that the cross-modal matching of sensory signals depends on direct interaction across sensory cortices. (frontiersin.org)

Youth with two copies of ApoE3, the most common version (65-85% prevalence), had intermediate cortex thickness. (nih.gov)

But a study published today in Science finds that a brain region called entorhinal cortex plays a new and independent role in memory. (ist.ac.at)

Nor did the E4 variant accelerate loss of cortex tissue. (nih.gov)

Entorhinal cortex: is an area of the brain functioning as a hub in a widespread network for memory, navigation and the perception of time. (labroots.com)

This suggests that there are two separate sets of brain circuits in the medial entorhinal cortex that are specifically attuned to record either time or spatial information. (nih.gov)

Recently, a general theory has been proposed to elucidate the function of the reelin positive cells in the layer II of the entorhinal cortex. (wikipedia.org)

UPDATE (Dec. 4, 1:35PM): Primary visual cortex has surfaced. (blogspot.com)
Petrof I, Viaene AN & Sherman SM (2015) Properties of the primary somatosensory cortex projection to primary motor cortex in the mouse. (chop.edu)
Properties of the thalamic projection from the posterior medial nucleus to primary and secondary somatosensory cortices in the mouse. (chop.edu)
Synaptic properties of thalamic input to the subgranular layers of primary somatosensory and auditory cortices in the mouse. (chop.edu)
Synaptic properties of thalamic input to layers 2/3 and 4 of primary somatosensory and auditory cortices. (chop.edu)
The discovery of three different types of narrowband gamma rhythm in primary visual cortex (V1), first reported by Han et al. (frontiersin.org)

Significant increase in 3-nitrotyrosine was found in the CA1 and entorhinal cortex regions, which indicates an elevation of oxidative stress and nitric oxide formation. (nih.gov)

The role of the entorhinal cortex in two forms of spatial learning and memory. (ox.ac.uk)
In the future we hope to determine whether this thinner cortex is associated with differences in brain activity during tasks of learning and memory in children," said Shaw. (nih.gov)

The entorhinal cortex is a functionally heterogeneous environment, and we will also review data suggesting that, within the entorhinal cortex, there is subregional specificity for molecular alterations that may initiate cognitive decline. (elsevierpure.com)

We characterized phosphorylated tau (CP13) in 10 cases at eight well-defined anterior-posterior levels and assessed NFT density within the eight entorhinal subfields (described by Insausti and colleagues) at the preclinical stages of AD. (nih.gov)

Since those cells, but not others, were equipped to produce human tau, any tau that showed up elsewhere in the brain could be traced back to the entorhinal cortex. (discovermagazine.com)

Time-keeping cells (green) in the medial entorhinal cortex of a mouse. (nih.gov)
Synaptic properties of the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways to the mouse somatosensoty cortex. (chop.edu)

Anatomy33

Organisms4

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Psychiatry and Psychology15

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science1

Health Care1

Hippocampus17

Neurons6

Firing in the medial entorhinal cortex1

Located in the medial1

Lateral entorhinal3

Loss in the entorhinal cortex1

Hippocampal6

Alzheimer's6

Neuronal1

Prefrontal3

Cortical2

Rats2

Dentate gyrus1

Mice3

Cerebral Cortex1

Rodents1

Perforant1

Brain's2

GABAergic3

Perirhinal1

Parahippocampal gyrus1

Structures1

Spatial navigation1

Thalamus1

Grid Cells1

Researchers1

Sensory cortices2

Thickness1

Brain region1

Tissue1

Area1

Circuits1

Reelin1

Primary6

Formation1

Memory2

Cognitive1

Posterior1

Human1

Mouse2