Enterocytes are epithelial cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

The resulting chemical components are then assembled into mixed micelles in the small intestine, where epithelial cells called enterocytes take them up. (eurekalert.org)
The beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters cells human by binding spike proteins to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor abundantly found on airway epithelial cells, pneumocytes and enterocytes of the small intestine 1 . (nature.com)
The most remarkable finding was the surface expression of ACE2 protein on lung alveolar epithelial cells and enterocytes of the small intestine. (scienceopen.com)
Expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level). (avivasysbio.com)
Although enterocytes of the small intestine are the primary site of infection by Enterocytozoon bieneusi, it may also spread to other epithelial cells in the biliary tract and nasopharynx causing cholangitis and rhinosinusitis. (powershow.com)
Mice with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific ablation of the mitochondrial-specific aspartyl - tRNA synthetase DARS2, as well as of the respiratory chain subunit SDHA or the assembly factor COX10 failed to thrive and showed massive accumulation of lipids within large lipid droplets (LDs) in enterocytes of the proximal small intestine (SI). (sdsc.edu)
Next, to analyze the response of cells in the inner wall of the small intestine to these two strains, the researchers performed an experiment using the Caco-2 cell line, which is widely used as an in vitro model for studying the human intestinal epithelial barrier. (thecattlesite.com)
This cell line very closely mimics the layer of epithelial cells that line the inside of the small intestine [ enterocytes ] and to which STEC adheres to create colonies," Moreira Filho explained. (thecattlesite.com)
Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. (bvsalud.org)
In cells that line the small intestine (enterocytes), a lack of myosin Vb function changes the cell polarity. (medlineplus.gov)

Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
PrP plays a role in apoptosis in a cell context-dependent manner, is involved in proliferation of epithelial cells and in distribution of junction-associated proteins in human enterocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Given the strong link between the regulation of some of these genes and the growth and dissemination of gastrointestinal cancers, we believe their aberrant expression in UC may provide a mechanism for epithelial hyper-proliferation and, in the context of malignant transformation, for tumour growth. (bmj.com)
Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
In mice, intestinal-specific Pcdh20 knockout causes defects in enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, while causing morphological abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Intestinal-specific deletion of Pcdh20 damages epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation and causes morphological changes, including shortened crypts and microvilli. (biomedcentral.com)
These molecules impede the proliferation of c-Maf-expressing myeloma cells, and repress the expression of c-Maf target genes such as ITGB7 and CCR1. (bvsalud.org)

The intestinal barrier is mainly constituted by a single layer of epithelial cells, including enterocytes, goblet cells, paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells, and also immune cells. (allaboutfeed.net)

During differentiation, upon exit from stem-cell-containing crypts, enterocytes build thousands of microvilli, each supported by a parallel bundle of actin filaments several microns in length. (vanderbilt.edu)
In native intestinal tissues, Arp2/3 inhibition led to increased microvilli length on the surface of crypt, but not villus, enterocytes. (vanderbilt.edu)
Brush cells are tall, columnar epithelial cells that display a distinctive tuft of stiff microvilli at their apex. (the-scientist.com)
Specifically in the outer epithelial cell (enterocytes) - in microvilli. (igem.org)
They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. (bvsalud.org)
Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold. (bvsalud.org)
Inside affected enterocytes, small clumps of abnormal microvilli mix with misplaced digestive proteins to form microvillus inclusions, which contribute to the dysfunction of enterocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
Disorganized enterocytes with poorly formed microvilli reduce the intestine's ability to take in nutrients. (medlineplus.gov)

Ian Sanderson first became interested in the intestine as a graduate student under Dr Dennis Parsons in Oxford where he examined the exit of absorbed amino acids from the enterocyte. (qmul.ac.uk)
By this means, changes in diet can act through enterocytes altering inflammatory mechanisms in the intestine. (qmul.ac.uk)
17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
In 1996, researchers at the University of Würzburg reported that a-gustducin is expressed by brush cells of the stomach and intestine. (the-scientist.com)
For example, the pancreatic release of insulin in response to glucose is partially mediated by the binding of glucose to sweet-taste receptors on cells of the intestine and subsequent activation of the signaling cascade. (the-scientist.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Through single-cell transcriptomics, researchers have identified a stem cell that regenerates the major cell types of the intestine after injury. (genomeweb.com)
Collectively, our results identify revSCs as a slow-cycling cell type that arises in damaged intestines following YAP1-dependent signaling to reconstitute LGR5 + CBCs and regenerate the intestine," they wrote. (genomeweb.com)
which normally project like small fingers from the surface of the cells and absorb nutrients and fluids from food as it passes through the intestine. (medlineplus.gov)

found that FWGE can promote apoptosis in different types of cancer cell lines such as SNU-5, MKN-45, SNU-620, SNU-1, and SNU-16. (hindawi.com)
FWGE has significant antiproliferative effects and kills tumour cells by the induction of apoptosis via the caspase-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase pathway [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)

Here, the role of GCC in regulating normal enterocyte dynamics along the crypt-villus axis and the corruption of those mechanisms in tumorigenesis were explored. (jefferson.edu)
The adult intestinal epithelium is primarily composed of six cell types that are arranged in a crypt-villus structure (Figure 1). (stemcell.com)
As these cells move upward out of the crypt, they move along signaling gradients that trigger them to differentiate, giving rise to the mature cell types that populate the villus domain. (stemcell.com)
Functionally, enterocytes required c-Maf to appropriately differentiate along the villus axis. (bvsalud.org)

This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.com)
T cell immunity is at the center of the disease contributing to the inflammatory process through the loss of tolerance to gluten and the differentiation of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8-restricted anti-gluten inflammatory CD4 + T cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and to the killing of intestinal epithelial cells by cytotoxic intraepithelial CD8 + lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, brush border assembly is limited by G-actin availability, and profilin-1 directs unallocated actin monomers into microvillar core bundles during enterocyte differentiation. (vanderbilt.edu)
Collectively, our data identified c-Maf as a key regulator of SI enterocyte differentiation and function, essential for nutrient, immune, and microbial homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

So indigestible fragments of gluten induce enterocytes (epithelial cells) to release the protein zonulin, which loosens tight junctions, and can cause gut leakiness in everyone. (thegardenisland.com)
Mice lacking Ern2 had a dysbiotic microbial community that failed to induce goblet cell development and increased susceptibility to colitis when transferred into germ-free wild type mice. (jci.org)
In order to induce its effects on the intestinal epithelial cells, LTD4 binds to its receptor CysLT1R. (lu.se)

The ACE2 enzyme acts as an anti-inflammatory, keeping immune cells from inflicting more damage on the body's own cells. (sott.net)
AMT-101 is an oral, gut selective, fusion protein of IL-10 and a carrier protein that mediates transcytosis through intestinal enterocytes into the lamina propria (LP). Pre-clinical studies demonstrated that AMT-101 efficiently transits the epithelial cell barrier, targets mucosal immune cells in the LP, and results in improved colitis disease severity without systemic exposure. (ecco-ibd.eu)
Radiation also reduced the numbers of other cell types like Paneth cells and goblet cells, while the number of enterocytes, tuft cells, and crypt-associated immune cells increased. (genomeweb.com)
In rats orally exposed for one week to E171 at human relevant levels, titanium was detected in the immune cells of Peyer's patches (PP) as observed with the TiO 2 -NP model NM-105. (nature.com)
In all TiO 2 -treated rats, stimulation of immune cells isolated from PP showed a decrease in Thelper (Th)-1 IFN-γ secretion, while splenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses sharply increased. (nature.com)
Scientists based at the Earlham Institute and Quadram Institute, along with international partners from University of Heidelberg and EMBL (Germany) as well as from KU Leuven (Belgium), wanted to understand the cross-talk between epithelial and immune cells in the gut during an infection. (pharmiweb.com)
These cells also play an important role in the body's response to infection, working in tandem with immune cells. (pharmiweb.com)
One of the key things the team wanted to understand was how the interplay between infected epithelial cells and gut immune cells might lead to an overactive immune response - known as a cytokine storm - which drives inflammation and can be potentially deadly. (pharmiweb.com)
The team used data from human organoids - small, three dimensional tissue cultures that more closely reflect the complexity of organs than individual cells - that had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as published data from previous studies about resident immune cells in the gut. (pharmiweb.com)
The model also revealed some of the tactics used by the virus to evade the immune response, which includes disrupting or 'jamming' signals used by immune cells to signal the presence of the virus and others to be involved in fighting off an infection. (pharmiweb.com)

Moreover, stress associated with weaning and high ambient temperatures, for instance, are known to activate inflammatory cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have deleterious effects on the intestinal morphology, compromising the intestinal barrier integrity. (allaboutfeed.net)

To answer this question, the crypts that produce the dome epithelial cells were studied and the distribution of M cells over the domes was determined in mice. (nih.gov)
The domes of Peyer's patches were supplied with epithelial cells that derived from two types of crypt: specialized dome-associated crypts and ordinary crypts differing not only in shape, size, and cellular composition but also in the presence of M cell precursors. (nih.gov)
When epithelial cells derived from ordinary crypts entered the domes, they formed converging radial strips devoid of M cells. (nih.gov)
M cell development is restricted to specialized dome-associated crypts. (nih.gov)
Only dome epithelial cells that derive from these specialized crypts differentiate into M cells. (nih.gov)
It is concluded that M cells represent a separate cell line that is induced in the dome-associated crypts by still unknown, probably diffusible lymphoid factors. (nih.gov)
In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
Gregorieff and his colleagues exposed mice to 12 Grays of whole-body radiation and isolated single cells from their intestinal epithelium, including their intestinal crypts, for transcriptional profiling to tease out cells involved in epithelial regeneration. (genomeweb.com)
In particular, they noted control crypts had 2.5-fold more LGR5 + CBC cells, as compared to the epithelium, but after radiation, 90 percent of those cells were lost. (genomeweb.com)
One cluster of cells the researchers identified - dubbed SSC1 - encompassed most of the proliferating cells within undamaged intestinal crypts and was suppressed by irradiation. (genomeweb.com)
The SSC2 cluster, meanwhile, included cells from irradiated crypts that typically expressed genes involved in DNA damage response and cell survival like clusterin (Clu). (genomeweb.com)
These cells, which the researchers dubbed revSC, can reconstitute LGR5 + cells to restore intestinal crypts. (genomeweb.com)

Recurrent infections in young individuals with a permissive genetic background could interfere with the maturation of the mucosal immune system and the composition of the microbiome ( 17 ), and thus favor the subsequent induction of an inflammatory T cell responses and the loss of oral tolerance to dietary gluten ( 18 , 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to many environmental factors that influence intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying mucosal immune system. (aai.org)

Consequently, a smaller number of bacteria, toxins and other antigens would have access to sub-epithelial tissues to activate the immune system. (allaboutfeed.net)
So the virus may be acting as a double-whammy by damaging cells directly and preventing the body from protecting tissues from inflammatory damage. (sott.net)
Many tissues and cell types are involved. (powershow.com)
Epithelial cells line the surfaces of tissues and organs, forming a protective barrier and helping to police the movement of substances across this membrane. (pharmiweb.com)

Taken together, these results revealed a vital role of mitochondria in regulating dietary lipid transport in enterocytes, which is relevant for understanding the intestinal and nutritional defects observed in patients with mitochondrial defects. (sdsc.edu)

Human fetal enterocytes in vitro: modulation of the phenotype by extracellular matrix. (qmul.ac.uk)

Indeed, elements of the taste transduction cascade occur in many chemoresponsive epithelial cells scattered throughout the stomach, the intestines, and even the airways. (the-scientist.com)
Using transgenic mice with marked endogenous Clu, the researchers found that Clu-GFP-positive cells were rare in healthy intestines, but increased in number following radiation, especially as Lgr5-GFP-positive cells are lost. (genomeweb.com)

Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.com)
However, recent studies emphasize that the individual contribution of each of these cell subsets is not sufficient and that interactions between these different populations of T cells and the simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immune pathways in distinct gut compartments are required to promote disease immunopathology. (frontiersin.org)
We really wanted to understand which particular inflammatory pathways and cell types are responsible for driving this process in COVID-19 patients, and to show that an integrative computational approach with cutting-edge experimental methods can advance our understanding on the initiation and maintenance of this overreaction. (pharmiweb.com)

PCDH20 is an essential factor in maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and barrier integrity. (biomedcentral.com)

Both heart cells and lung cells are covered with surface proteins known as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - these molecules serve as "doorways" for the virus to enter cells. (sott.net)

This electron micrograph highlights a darkly-stained glycocalyx rim of the brush border of the intestinal epithelium of the cat, stained en bloc with colloidal thorium. (ucsd.edu)
In contrast to the M cells, the sites where lymphocytes invaded the dome epithelium were not arranged in radial strips, but randomly distributed over the domes. (nih.gov)
These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
The intestinal epithelium incorporates several distinct cell populations, including the rapidly dividing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that facilitate the typical four-to-five day turnover cycle of the adult intestinal epithelium. (stemcell.com)
Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
Multipotent LGR5 + crypt-based columnar cells typically power intestinal epithelium turnover, but these cells are lost after injury like radiation, according to researchers led by Alex Gregorieff from Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto. (genomeweb.com)
Despite their loss, the intestinal epithelium is able to recover, which has suggested that other cells step in to regenerate the epithelium. (genomeweb.com)
Here, we identify c-Maf as an enterocyte-specific transcription factor within the SI epithelium. (bvsalud.org)
Concomitantly, intraepithelial lymphocytes were less abundant, while commensal epithelial cell-attaching SFB overgrew in a c-Maf-deficient environment, highlighting the close interdependence between the intestinal epithelium, immune system, and microbiota. (bvsalud.org)
Studies have demonstrated that food allergens are transported in large quantities across the epithelium by binding to cell surface IgE/CD23, which opens a gate for intact dietary allergens to transcytose across the epithelial cells that protect the antigenic protein from lysosomal degradation in enterocytes. (medscape.com)

Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
Using conventionally raised and germ-free Ern2-/- mice, we found that ERN2 was required for microbiota-induced goblet cell maturation and mucus barrier assembly in the colon. (jci.org)
ERN2 acted by splicing Xbp1 mRNA to expand ER function and prevent ER stress in goblet cells. (jci.org)

Some of these techniques include novel tools for genetic manipulation, 4,5 approaches for in vitro disease modelling 6-9 and innovative co-culture system with autologous cell types 10,11 or bacteria, 12-14 as well as viral infection models. (stemcell.com)
In this article, we demonstrate that dietary fiber and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced the expression of the vitamin A-converting enzyme RALDH1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. (aai.org)

Ultrastructural analysis revealed that overexpression of CD97 strengthened lateral cell-cell contacts between enterocytes, which, in contrast, were weakened in CD97 knockout (Ko) mice. (nih.gov)
Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)

Most absorbed lipids are assembled into pre-chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of enterocytes, which are then transported to the Golgi for maturation and subsequent secretion to the circulation. (sdsc.edu)
Consequently, epithelial cell-specific c-Maf deletion resulted in impaired enterocyte maturation and nutrient uptake, including defects in the adaptation to different nutrient availability. (bvsalud.org)
Some evidence suggests that reduced microbial exposure during infancy and early childhood result in a slower postnatal maturation of the immune system through a reduction of the number of T regulatory (T reg ) cells and a possible delay in the progression to an optimal balance between TH 1 and TH 2 immunity, which is crucial to the clinical expression of allergy and asthma (hygiene hypothesis). (medscape.com)

Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
By administering a selective ATF6 activator, the impairment of intestinal barrier integrity and dysregulation of CHOP/β-catenin/p-p120-catenin pathway was reversed in Pcdh20 -ablated mice with colitis and PCDH20 -deficient colonic cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
The apical junctional complex comprises tight junctions, adhesion junctions, and desmosomes, which seal adjacent cells, regulate paracellular transportation, and maintain intestinal barrier function, acting as a dynamic mechanical barrier [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

18 At the base of the intestinal crypt, the ISCs are found intercalated with Paneth cells, 17 credited with much of the signaling required to maintain the stem cell niche. (stemcell.com)

Macrophage inflammatory protein-2: chromosomal regulation in rat intestinal epithelial cells. (qmul.ac.uk)
None of the tested forms induced a pro-inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells or in macrophages either. (springer.com)
Dendritic cell frequency increased in PP regardless of the TiO 2 treatment, while regulatory T cells involved in dampening inflammatory responses decreased with E171 only, an effect still observed after 100 days of treatment. (nature.com)
and large amounts of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α are produced by T cells in an antigen-specific manner. (medscape.com)

Through single-cell RNA sequencing of damaged mouse intestinal cells, Gregorieff and his colleagues uncovered a population of rare, typically quiescent cells they called revival stem cells (revSCs). (genomeweb.com)

To investigate the function of CD97 in colorectal carcinogenesis, transgenic Tg(villin-CD97) mice overexpressing CD97 in enterocytes were generated and subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, ACE2 was present in arterial and venous endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells in all organs studied. (scienceopen.com)
Expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, and in arterial smooth muscle cells. (avivasysbio.com)

this toxin induces cell death through cleavage of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, BiP/GRP78 ( 14 ). (cdc.gov)
Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts uniquely express ERN2/IRE1β, a paralogue of the most evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor ERN1/IRE1α. (jci.org)

Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells," PNAS , 99:2392-97, 2002. (the-scientist.com)

Most animal cells are polarized, with structurally and functionally distinct regions. (cshlpress.com)
Moreover, DARS2-deficient enterocytes showed a distinct lack of mature chylomicrons concomitant with a disorganisation of the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that impaired ER to Golgi trafficking underlies impaired chylomicron production and secretion. (sdsc.edu)
The results showed that the strain associated with HUS expressed a set of virulence genes that induced a distinct response in human enterocytes, which could help explain its more severe pathogenicity. (thecattlesite.com)

Combined treatment of FWGE and 5-fluorouracil or dacarbazine resulted in a synergistic effect in the HCR-25 human cancer cell line and B16 murine melanoma cell line [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In Tg murine and normal human colonic enterocytes as well as in colorectal cell lines CD97 was localized preferentially in E-cadherin-based adherens junctions. (nih.gov)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.com)
This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. (cshlpress.com)
Human prion protein (PrP), also known as PRNP, is a ubiquitously expressed GPI-anchored cell surface glycoprotein associating with lipid raft components and functioning as a signaling molecule. (thermofisher.com)
Since the introduction of the mouse small intestinal organoid model in 2009, 1 there has been an avalanche of developments in this field, including development of culture conditions for human organoids derived from primary colonic tissue, 2 as well as from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (stemcell.com)
Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry and global phosphoproteomic and protein abundance analyses using three IAV strains (pH1N1, H3N2, H5N1) in three human cell types (A549, NHBE, THP-1), we map 332 IAV-human protein-protein interactions and identify 13 IAV-modulated kinases. (cdc.gov)
This study provides a comprehensive network model of IAV infection in human cells, identifying functional host targets for pan-viral HDT. (cdc.gov)

The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor CD97 is present in normal colonic enterocytes but overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Taste receptor-like cells in the rat gut identified by expression of alpha-gustducin," PNAS , 93:6631-34, 1996. (the-scientist.com)
TRPM5, a taste-signaling transient receptor potential ion-channel, is a ubiquitous signaling component in chemosensory cells," BMC Neurosci , 8:49, 2007. (the-scientist.com)
Our results show that CysLT1R can be found in increased levels in colon cancer enterocytes (50% of 84 patients) and that high expression of this receptor in Dukes`B staged tumours predicts a poor disease outcome. (lu.se)

Non-IgE mediated food allergies involve T-cell mediated immunity to certain food proteins. (medscape.com)

It's really hard to tease out whether having more ACE2 is helpful or harmful, as these proteins are how the virus enters the cells, but also known to protect the cells against injury , Michos said. (sott.net)
On the other hand, intestinal infections may increase paracellular permeability, allowing the absorption of food proteins without epithelial processing. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, LPS-triggered partial disruption of epithelial integrity was reduced after FWGE application. (hindawi.com)
In summary, CD97 increases the structural integrity of enterocytic adherens junctions by increasing and stabilizing junctional beta-catenin, thereby regulating intestinal epithelial strength and attenuating experimental colitis. (nih.gov)
2013). In this study, trans-epithelial resistance (TER) was measured in ileum samples collected from nursery pigs as an indicator of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. (allaboutfeed.net)
Our findings indicate that upregulation of PCDH20 or ATF6 could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for increasing epithelial integrity in CD treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

STEC containing LEE are characterized by their ability to attach to the host intestinal mucosa and destroy the surrounding microvillus brush border, which causes substantial cytoskeletal rearrangements within the enterocyte ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Studies in rhesus monkeys suggest that the enzyme is involved in IL-8-induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow, and murine studies suggest a role in tumor-associated tissue remodeling. (antibodies-online.com)

Specifically, using both cell culture and animal models, Xiao and colleagues will design lipid nanoparticles at three stages: From nano-emulsion droplets containing nutraceuticals, to mixed micelles and finally to chylomicrons. (eurekalert.org)
Pancreatic enzymes (lipase and colipase) split long-chain triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides, which combine with bile acids and phospholipids to form micelles that pass through jejunal enterocytes. (msdmanuals.com)

Here we show that mitochondrial dysfunction in enterocytes inhibits chylomicron production and the transport of dietary lipids to peripheral organs. (sdsc.edu)

It is controversial whether the membranous (M) cells of the Peyer's patches represent a separate cell line or develop from enterocytes under the influence of lymphocytes on the domes. (nih.gov)

Extensive research has shown that OC cells undergo significant metabolic alterations during tumorigenesis. (stanford.edu)
Morphological alterations in the Caco-2 cells were assessed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy at intervals of one, two and three hours. (thecattlesite.com)

Taste sensations are mediated by taste buds-small clusters of specialized epithelial cells on the tongue, soft palate, and larynx. (the-scientist.com)
Overall, they identified 17 epithelial cell and two lymphocyte clusters among these cells. (genomeweb.com)

Many disease-related STEC serogroups, including the most prevalent O157:H7 clone, possess a chromosomal pathogenicity island termed the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

This epithelial expression, together with the presence of ACE2 in vascular endothelium, also provides a first step in understanding the pathogenesis of the main SARS disease manifestations. (scienceopen.com)

Feeding a fat-free diet inhibited the formation of LDs in DARS2-deficient enterocytes, showing that accumulating lipids derive mostly from digested fat. (sdsc.edu)

Combined with cell-type specific data from advanced sequencing techniques, they were able to model how SARS-CoV-2 directly affects the interactions between epithelial and immune cell types during infection. (pharmiweb.com)

The Ulex europaeus agglutinin was used to detect M cells in mouse Peyer's patches. (nih.gov)

We therefore chose to study CysLT1 in colon cancer specimens and in non-transformed and colon cancer cell lines. (lu.se)

Small intestine10

Proliferation9

Layer of epithelial cells1

Microvilli8

Intestine8

Apoptosis4

Villus4

Differentiation4

Induce3

Immune cells10

Effects on the intestinal1

Crypts12

Mucosal immune system2

Tissues4

Understanding the intestinal1

Phenotype1

Intestines2

Pathways3

Homeostasis1

Lung1

Epithelium10

Goblet3

Vitro2

Knockout2

Maturation3

Barrier3

Paneth1

Inflammatory4

Mouse intestinal1

Transgenic1

Arterial smooth muscl2

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Enteroendocrine1

Distinct3

Human8

Receptor4

Immunity1

Proteins2

Integrity4

Brush border1

Murine1

Micelles2

Dysfunction1

Lymphocytes1

Alterations2

Clusters2

Chromosomal1

Expression1

Derive1

Interactions1

Peyer's1

Colon1