DESIGN: Rats intraperitoneally injected with AFS cells and their controls (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, myoblast) were analysed for survival, behaviour, bowel imaging (MRI scan), histology, bowel absorption and motility, immunofluorescence for AFS cell detection, degree of gut inflammation (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), and enterocyte apoptosis and proliferation. (unich.it)
Among the pathways identified, we showed that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway controls host defense in the gut by regulating stem cell proliferation and thus epithelial cell homeostasis. (cnrs.fr)
Epithelial cell proliferation2
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
Intestinal-specific deletion of Pcdh20 damages epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation and causes morphological changes, including shortened crypts and microvilli. (biomedcentral.com)
Compensatory proliferation2
We reveal surprising similarities between homeostatic cell turnover in adult Drosophila midguts and "undead" apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AiP) in imaginal discs. (umassmed.edu)
For instance, enterocytes damaged by pathogens, the microbiota of aging flies, or host-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), are replaced under the control of multiple pathways by the compensatory proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). (cnrs.fr)
Apical3
The hallmark of the disease is the electron microscopic finding of disrupted enterocyte microvilli (ie, digitations of the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelial cell protruding into the lumen) and the appearance of characteristic inclusion vacuoles, the inner surfaces of which are lined by typical microvilli. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] that the mild variant of microvillus inclusion disease appears to be caused by loss of function of syntaxin 3 (STX3), an apical receptor involved in membrane fusion of apical vesicles in enterocytes. (medscape.com)
Other enteroinvasive bacteria pathogens such as Listeria and Shigella are randomly detected in the intestinal cell cytoplasm [ 3 ], while LI is largely present in the apical region of enterocytes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins2
These proteins were co-expressed by villous enterocytes only between weeks 14 and 20 post-conception, a time frame analogous to when they are expressed in the murine intestine. (nih.gov)
PrP plays a role in apoptosis in a cell context-dependent manner, is involved in proliferation of epithelial cells and in distribution of junction-associated proteins in human enterocytes. (thermofisher.com)
Ileal2
Caco-2 cells are known to form tight junctions ( 13 - 14 ), have structural properties similar to those of ileal enterocytes ( 15 ) and are hence useful models as they mimic the gastrointestinal tract. (iiarjournals.org)
The mechanisms of entry of Ileal symbiont intracellularis into IEC-18 rat enterocyte cells and subsequent bacterial proliferation were examined in centrifuge-assisted and static infections. (hw.ac.uk)
Crypt3
GLP2 stimulates intestinal growth and upregulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
These observations suggest that GCC signaling may regulate the renewal of the intestinal epithelium by restricting the proliferating compartment and promoting the transition from proliferation to differentiation along the crypt to villus axis. (jefferson.edu)
Here, the role of GCC in regulating normal enterocyte dynamics along the crypt-villus axis and the corruption of those mechanisms in tumorigenesis were explored. (jefferson.edu)
We therefore conclude that infection of enterocytes by IS intracellularis is dependent on host cell activity and actin polymerization, but is independent of bacterial viability. (hw.ac.uk)
Bacterial3
How the massive proliferation of enterocytes is induced after bacterial uptake into cells also remains unclear. (slu.se)
It has been suggested that the uptake of bacteria could be a type of receptor mediated endocytosis and that the massive proliferation is the result of a bacterial regulation of cell differentiation- and/or apoptosis genes. (slu.se)
results from mucosal inflammation, exudation into the lumen, and from multiple secretagogues and bacterial toxins that affect enterocyte function. (msdmanuals.com)
Tumor2
This previously unrecognized role of GCC as a tumor suppressor by restricting proliferation and maintaining genomic integrity suggests that receptor dysregulation reflecting ligand insufficiency is a key event during early colorectal tumorigenesis. (jefferson.edu)
Following this, the mice were examined to determine tumor number, enterocyte proliferation, apoptosis and β-catenin expression. (houstonmethodist.org)
Villi1
In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
Cells12
Proliferating, BrdU-positive cells in muscle sections were detected with immunohistochemistry indicating different cell types and decreasing proliferation with age. (nature.com)
Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
This issue is of particular relevance since changes in NO release could play an important role in endothelial function maintenance, in addition to regulating proliferation of smooth muscle cells, leukocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, thrombosis, vascular tone, and hemodynamics. (hindawi.com)
The bacteria is taken into cells and start to replicate and cause a massive proliferation of immature enterocytes. (slu.se)
The release of proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma) by activated T cells could determine the damage to the enterocyte, increased proliferation in the intestinal crypts, and, finally, severe damage to the intestinal mucosa architecture. (helpforibs.com)
Responses in LSL indicated altered proliferation rates of intestinal cells as well as adaptive responses at the level of paracellular transport and immunocompetence. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
This has been studied mainly in the small intestine, where different cell types such as enterocyte progenitors 4 , more differentiated secretory Bmi1 + cells 3 , or even fully differentiated Paneth cells can repopulate crypts upon injury. (nature.com)
Here, we show that Myo1D functions in mature enterocytes (ECs) to control mitotic activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). (umassmed.edu)
Noticeably, cancer cells require a large amount of iron, and exhibit a strong dependence on it for their proliferation. (unipr.it)
RESULTS: AFS cells integrated in the bowel wall and improved rat survival and clinical conditions, decreased NEC incidence and macroscopic gut damage, improved intestinal function, decreased bowel inflammation, increased enterocyte proliferation and reduced apoptosis. (unich.it)
Homeostasis3
Integration of both parameters, which estimate enterocyte turnover, was associated with glucose homeostasis as well as with T2D diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study supports a decreased functional enterocyte mass and an increased enterocyte death rate in presence of metabolic alterations but emphasizes that epithelial cell homeostasis is especially altered in presence of severe insulin resistance and T2D. (biomedcentral.com)
Iron homeostasis is regulated at several levels, from absorption by enterocytes to recycling by macrophages and storage in hepatocytes. (unipr.it)
Drosophila1
Amcheslavsky A, Lindblad JL, Bergmann A. Transiently "Undead" Enterocytes Mediate Homeostatic Tissue Turnover in the Adult Drosophila Midgut. (umassmed.edu)
Differentiation1
In mice, intestinal-specific Pcdh20 knockout causes defects in enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, while causing morphological abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Receptor2
Based on previous reports, we found that HAMP modulates cell proliferation through interaction with its receptor SLC40A1 . (biomedcentral.com)
Our results show that CysLT1R can be found in increased levels in colon cancer enterocytes (50% of 84 patients) and that high expression of this receptor in Dukes`B staged tumours predicts a poor disease outcome. (lu.se)
Microbiota4
HFD [high-fat diet] decimates gut microbiota, resulting in loss of enterocyte proliferation, leading to microbiota encroachment, low-grade inflammation (LGI), and metabolic syndrome," the authors write. (genengnews.com)
Enriching HFD with inulin restored microbiota loads, interleukin-22 (IL-22) production, enterocyte proliferation, and antimicrobial gene expression in a microbiota-dependent manner. (genengnews.com)
Thus, fermentable fiber protects against metabolic syndrome by nourishing microbiota to restore IL-22-mediated enterocyte function. (genengnews.com)
Furthermore, the dominant member of this wound-mucosa-associated microbiota, Akkermansia muciniphila (an anaerobic, mucinophilic gut symbiont7,8), stimulated proliferation and migration of enterocytes adjacent to the colonic wounds in a process involving FPR1 and intestinal epithelial-cell-specific NOX1-dependent redox signalling. (emory.edu)
Cell6
Cell culture experiments indicated that Gln could promote cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, but expression of myogenesis regulatory genes was not altered. (nature.com)
Overall, Gln supplementation stimulated cell proliferation in muscle tissue and in vitro in myogenic cell culture, whereas muscle growth regulatory genes were barely altered. (nature.com)
In this study, we determined the effects of the Kigelia africana, the Mimusops zeyheri and the Ximenia caffra seed-oil on cell proliferation in culture. (iiarjournals.org)
The suppression of Caco-2 and HEK-293 cell proliferation by K. africana, M. zeyheri and X. caffra seed oils suggest a potential antiproliferative effect of these tree seed oils on the two cell lines. (iiarjournals.org)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of K. africana, M. zeyheri and X. caffra seed oils on Caco-2 and HEK-293 cell proliferation. (iiarjournals.org)
Sufficient dietary supply of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for all vertebrates to ensure various biological processes including bone formation, blood clotting, cell proliferation and energy metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Citrulline1
Plasma levels of citrulline, a biomarker of enterocyte mass, and I-FABP, a biomarker of enterocyte death, were measured by UHPLC‑MS and ELISA in 154 nondiabetic men and 67 men with a T2D diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatocytes1
Here, we aimed to identify proliferative hepatocytes from HCC and para-carcinoma tissues, detect differentially expressed genes between the two types of proliferative hepatocytes, and investigate their potential roles in aberrant proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice1
GRP/GRP-R co-expression in wild type mice was only observed in villous enterocytes between N-1 and N-12. (nih.gov)
Results2
The infection results in thickening of the intestinal epithelium due to enterocyte proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, administration of MMF results in selective inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. (ectrx.org)
Expression2
More proliferation was observed in muscle tissue of LBW-GLN than LBW-ALA piglets at 5 dpn, but there was no clear effect of supplementation on related gene expression. (nature.com)
Second is an increased proliferation due to an increased expression of the JAK-STAT pathway ligand Upd3 . (sdbonline.org)
AIDS1
Identification of factors associated with proliferation in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment aids in understanding the mechanisms of disease progression and provides druggable targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Massive1
In all conditions there is a thickening of the mucosa in the affected portion of the intestine due to a massive proliferation of immature enterocytes. (slu.se)
Growth1
The contribution of GRP/GRP-R to villous growth was due to their act in increasing enterocyte proliferation prior to N-8 but increasing enterocyte size thereafter. (nih.gov)
Domain1
First is the disruption of enterocyte polarity based on staining of the FERM domain protein Coracle . (sdbonline.org)