Enhancer mef2 genes mef2 transcription factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). (wikipedia.org)
Within this conserved region is a consensus site for myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins that we show is bound efficiently by MEF2 and is required for transgene expression in all three muscle lineages in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
We hypothesize that both the tissue-specific and the hormonal and/or metabolic regulation of the GLUT4 gene are carried out through these two regulatory domains and their cognate binding proteins. (ouhsc.edu)
To achieve these goals, we propose the following specific aims: 1) To understand the basis of cooperation between GEF and MEF2 proteins for DNA binding;2) To understand the mechanisms by which GEF and MEF2 proteins regulate the GLUT4 promoter;3) ) To determine the nature of the metabolic signal(s) that regulates GLUT4 gene transcription in vivo. (ouhsc.edu)
Analysis of the proteins that activate and repress different enhancers is combined with genetic studies to accurately position these factors within complex signalling networks. (ox.ac.uk)
MSY3 (MSY4, YB-2, CSDA, dbpA, ZONAB) is a member of the cold shock domain (CSD) family of proteins also known as Y-box proteins, which are evolutionarily conserved proteins that function as transcription factors and regulators of RNA metabolism and protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory proteins, namely the Transcription Factors (TFs), bind in a sequence-specific manner to TFBSs to activate or suppress gene transcription (gene expression). (biomedcentral.com)
This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Tamir, Y., and Bengal E . (2000) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase induces the transcriptional activity of MEF2 proteins during muscle differentiation . (technion.ac.il)
A hallmark of events observed during segmentation was the induction of multiple transcription factors, including a large group of homeobox proteins in pace with decay of a large fraction of maternal transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural genes encode proteins that are not involved in gene regulation. (p450inhibitors.com)

We find that during normal lifespan of CMs gene regulation is mainly orchestrated by dynamic mCpG and canonical histone marks at distal regulatory and genic regions. (nature.com)
Thus, these studies identify the HRC enhancer as the first MEF2-dependent, CArG-independent transcriptional target in smooth muscle and represent the first analysis of the transcriptional regulation of an SR gene in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
To reach this goal, we must first understand the molecular basis for transcriptional regulation of the GLUT4 gene. (ouhsc.edu)
The primary goal of this proposal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of the tissue-specific and hormonal/metabolic regulation of GLUT4 gene transcription. (ouhsc.edu)
In endothelial cells, statin-dependent atheroprotective gene up-regulation is mediated by Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family transcription factors. (soken.ac.jp)
To dissect the mechanism of gene regulation, we sought to determine molecular targets by performing microarray analyses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with pitavastatin, and KLF4 was determined to be the most highly induced gene. (soken.ac.jp)
To better understand these mechanisms involved in gene regulation, we pursue two questions: 1) what are the roles of the chromatin remodeler CHD7 in cerebellar development and 2) what are the roles of the MEF2 TF family in cerebellar function. (wustl.edu)
Thus, TFs also play a vital role in proper gene regulation. (wustl.edu)
Finally, motor activity induces a switch from non-compensatory to compensatory MEF2-dependent gene regulation. (wustl.edu)
The goal of my laboratory is to understand how blood vessels grow, differentiate and regress through studying the transcriptional regulation of vascular genes. (ox.ac.uk)
To study vessel regulation, my laboratory primarily focuses on the identification, characterisation and delineation of enhancers ( cis -regulatory elements) directing gene expression within the vasculature. (ox.ac.uk)
SoxF factors induce Notch1 expression via direct transcriptional regulation during early arterial development. (ox.ac.uk)
Genome-wide identification of calcium-response factor (CaRF) binding sites predicts a role in regulation of neuronal signaling pathways. (neurotree.org)
In this review, we focus on the role of cardiomyocyte-derived and cardiac fibroblast-derived microRNAs that are involved in the regulation of genes associated with cardiomyocyte and fibroblast function and in atherosclerosis-related cardiac ischemia. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is a central problem in Bioinformatics on gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, TFBSs are a critical component in gene regulation, and identification of TFBSs is a central problem for understanding gene regulation in molecular biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Motif discovery provides significant insights into the understanding of the mechanisms of gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Kolpakova A*, Katz S*, Keren A, Rojtblat A, Bengal E . (2013) Transcriptional Regulation of Mesoderm Genes by MEF2D during Early Xenopus Development . (technion.ac.il)
Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
The overall results provide a systematic view of gene regulation in the human, which will be refined as additional mammalian genomes become available. (gsea-msigdb.org)

We focused on MEF2C among the MEF2 family members and identified a novel functional MEF2C binding site 148 kb upstream of the KLF4 gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation along with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) followed by luciferase assay. (soken.ac.jp)
By applying whole genome and quantitative chromatin conformation analysis {chromatin interaction analysis with paired end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and real time chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay}, we observed that the MEF2C-bound enhancer and transcription start site (TSS) of KLF4 came into closer spatial proximity by pitavastatin treatment. (soken.ac.jp)
Transcription factor MEF2C influences neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation and maturation in vivo. (ca.gov)
Emerging evidence suggests that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors act as effectors of neurogenesis in the brain, with MEF2C the predominant isoform in developing cerebrocortex. (ca.gov)
Zetser, A., Gredinger, E., and Bengal, E. (1999) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase promotes skeletal muscle differentiation: participation of the MEF2C transcription factor . (technion.ac.il)

Although MyoD marks myoblast commitment, muscle development is not dramatically ablated in mouse mutants lacking the MyoD gene. (wikipedia.org)
One of the main actions of MyoD is to remove cells from the cell cycle (halt proliferation for terminal cell cycle arrest in differentiated myocytes) by enhancing the transcription of p21 and myogenin. (wikipedia.org)
Sustained MyoD expression is necessary for retaining the expression of muscle-related genes. (wikipedia.org)
MyoD is a transcription factor and can also direct chromatin remodelling through binding to a DNA motif known as the E-box. (wikipedia.org)
MyoD is known to have binding interactions with hundreds of muscular gene promoters and to permit myoblast proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
KAP1 is localized at muscle-related genes in myoblasts along with both MyoD and Mef2 (a myocyte transcription enhancer factor). (wikipedia.org)
When the kinase MSK1 phosphorylates KAP1, the corepressors previously bound to the scaffold are released allowing MyoD and Mef2 to activate transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Setdb1 appears to be necessary to maintain both MyoD expression and also genes that are specific to muscle tissues because reduction of Setdb1 expression results in a severe delay of myoblast differentiation and determination. (wikipedia.org)
MyoD has also been shown to function cooperatively with the tumor suppressor gene, Retinoblastoma (pRb) to cause cell cycle arrest in the terminally differentiated myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Alter J, Bengal E. (2011) Stress-Induced C/EBP Homology Protein (CHOP) Represses MyoD Transcription to Delay Myoblast Differentiation . (technion.ac.il)
Tamir, Y., and Bengal, E. (1998) p53 protein is activated during muscle differentiation and participates with MyoD in the transcription of muscle creatine kinase gene . (technion.ac.il)
The MyoD gene was duplicated during the teleost whole genome duplication and, while a second MyoD gene ( MyoD2 ) was subsequently lost from the genomes of some lineages (including zebrafish), many fish lineages (including Alcolapia species) have retained both MyoD paralogues. (mdpi.com)
Here we reveal the expression patterns of the two MyoD genes in Oreochromis ( Alcolapia) alcalica using in situ hybridisation. (mdpi.com)

The latter part of this dissertation will address the roles of paralogous transcription factors, MEF2A and MEF2D, and their roles in cerebellar function. (wustl.edu)
Using single and double conditional knockout of MEF2 family TFs, we find that MEF2A and MEF2D play functionally redundant roles in cerebellar-dependent motor learning. (wustl.edu)
Importantly, sites experiencing compensatory MEF2A occupancy are concentrated within open chromatin and undergo functional compensation for genomic activation and gene expression. (wustl.edu)

We show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors suppressed excitatory synapse number in a neuronal activity- and calcineurin-dependent manner as hippocampal neurons formed synapses. (elsevierpure.com)
In response to increased neuronal activity, calcium influx into neurons induced the activation of the calcium/calmodulin-regulated phosphatase calcineurin, which dephosphorylated and activated MEF2. (elsevierpure.com)
Emerging themes in neuronal activity-dependent gene expression. (neurotree.org)
Widespread transcription at neuronal activity-regulated enhancers. (neurotree.org)

item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "Direct evidence for pitavastatin induced chromatin structure change in the KLF4 gene in endothelial cells. (soken.ac.jp)
It is believed that loss of acetylation could compact the chromatin structure, leading to the transcriptional repression of specific genes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The major event of MBT was the activation of a large group of histones and other genes that modify chromatin structure preceding massive gene expression changes. (biomedcentral.com)

Neural retina-specific leucine zipper protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRL gene . (en-academic.com)

Global gene profiling reveals enrichment for many genes downstream of developmental signaling molecules and self-renewal pathways, such as TGF-β/bone morphogenic protein, Wnt, or fibroblast growth factor, as well as for those that are involved in specification of mesodermal lineages (myocyte enhancer factor 2A, YY1-associated factor 2, and filamin-β). (tau.ac.il)
Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
Early ontogeny is associated with dramatic gene expression changes that underlie and determine the developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)

After 30 minutes of stretch, 53 and 168 genes were considered differentially expressed (DE) from transverse and longitudinal stretch, respectively. (escholarship.org)

Fiore R, Khudayberdiev S, Christensen M, Siegel G, Flavell SW , Kim TK , Greenberg ME , Schratt G. Mef2-mediated transcription of the miR379-410 cluster regulates activity-dependent dendritogenesis by fine-tuning Pumilio2 protein levels. (neurotree.org)

Although both TFs are highly expressed in granule neurons, transcriptomic analyses show MEF2D is the predominant genomic regulator of gene expression in vivo. (wustl.edu)

Epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor networks essential for differentiation of cardiac myocytes have been uncovered. (nature.com)
HRC is a direct transcriptional target of MEF2 during cardiac, skeletal, and arterial smooth muscle development in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
The HRC gene encodes the histidine-rich calcium-binding protein, which is found in the lumen of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiac and skeletal muscle and within calciosomes of arterial smooth muscle. (ox.ac.uk)
By altering the major axis of biaxial, mechanical stretch, I hypothesized that different signaling pathways and transcription regulators would be activated and lead to divergent gene expression profiles in cardiac myocytes. (escholarship.org)
In the present study bioinformatics analysis demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy signaling may be the most important pathway for upregulating genes in sesamin-treated groups. (spandidos-publications.com)
We have isolated a murine cDNA encoding a 9-kD protein, Chisel (Csl), in a screen for transcriptional targets of the cardiac homeodomain factor Nkx2-5. (ox.ac.uk)

Using transgenic mice, we have shown that cis-elements regulating the human Glut4 promoter are located within 895 bp immediately 5'of the transcription initiation site. (ouhsc.edu)
The Y-box protein MSY3/Csda represses myogenin transcription in skeletal muscle by binding a highly conserved cis-acting DNA element located just upstream of the myogenin minimal promoter (myogHCE). (biomedcentral.com)
The promoter analysis yields 174 candidate motifs, including most previously known transcription-factor binding sites and 105 new motifs. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

These bHLH (basic helix loop helix) transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
To understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the genes which expression is associated with adipogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation cluster comprised 1028 genes up-regulated from days 3 to 8 of culture meanwhile the differentiation cluster was characterized by 2140 induced genes from days 15 to 21. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, the terminal differentiation phase was enriched with genes involved in energy production, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our study demonstrates the coordinated expression of functionally related genes during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Alter, J., Rozentzweig, D., and Bengal, E. (2008) Inhibition of myoblast differentiation by tumor necrosis factor alpha is mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 and leukemia inhibitory factor . (technion.ac.il)

In this study, we identified a transcriptional enhancer from the HRC gene that is sufficient to direct the expression of lacZ in the expression pattern of endogenous HRC in transgenic mice. (ox.ac.uk)

Collectively, our studies on CHD7 and MEF2 provide further understanding of the roles of two critical classes of gene regulators in cerebellar development and function. (wustl.edu)
Enhancers are densely clustered groups of transcription factor binding motifs and are the principal regulators of spatio-temporal patterns of gene transcription. (ox.ac.uk)
MEF2 transcription factors are key regulators of sprouting angiogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition, it was revealed that the atheroprotective genes induced with pitavastatin, such as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and thrombomodulin (THBD), were suppressed by KLF4 knockdown. (soken.ac.jp)
Moreover, knockdown of HDAC4 inhibited the expression of some anabolic genes (such as aggrecan). (biomedcentral.com)

These mice express tamoxifen-induced Cre recombinase (Mer-cre-Mer) that enzymatically removes a stop codon flanked by lox sequences (floxed) on a reporter gene such as green fluorescent protein or yellow fluorescent protein, thus resulting in traceable fluorescence on the cells of interest. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Finally, inhibiting this pathway exacerbated the inflammatory response to stroke as CaMKK β or CaMK IV KO mice had increased levels of the pro-inflammatory serum cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after stroke. (biomedcentral.com)

MEF2 isoforms and GEF form a protein complex in vivo;however, the function of this complex in regulating gene transcription is not known. (ouhsc.edu)

MicroRNAs are small non-coding post-translational biomolecules which, when expressed, modify their target genes. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Nearly one-half are associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), leading to the discovery of many new miRNA genes and their likely target genes. (gsea-msigdb.org)

In this syndrome Nav1.8 is over expressed as a downstream consequence of a mutation in the TCF4 gene. (epiphanyasd.com)
Gene span''' Shows the extent of all annotated gene models with direction of transcription indicated by a small arrow at the downstream edge. (flybase.org)
RNA''' Like the Gene:transcript view track, this track shows the complete intron/exon structure (exons indicated by wider bars, introns by black lines) of each annotated transcript with direction of transcription indicated by a small arrow at the downstream edge. (flybase.org)

Of particular importance has been the identification of two families of transcription factors: the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and the myocyte enhancer factors (MEFs). (biologists.com)

The discovery that mutations in sarcomere protein genes cause HCM has enabled the development of mouse models that recapitulate clinical manifestations of disease. (rupress.org)

This network model was used in conjunction with the RNA-Seq data to identify the mechanisms regulating gene expression changes due to longitudinal and transverse stretch. (escholarship.org)
In order to understand the development of adiposity, it is crucial to identify the factors and mechanisms that regulate the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the vascular stromal fraction of the adipose tissue and its transformation into lipid-filled adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast, pathological gene expression in terminal heart failure is accompanied by changes in active histone marks without major alterations in CpG methylation and repressive chromatin marks. (nature.com)
Many of these transitions involve changes of gene expression. (nature.com)
In contrast to previous findings in heart tissue, expression of the pathological gene program in heart failure was not accompanied by changes in the CM DNA methylome but by active histone marks. (nature.com)
The HRC enhancer contains a small, highly conserved sequence that is required for expression in all three muscle lineages. (ox.ac.uk)
A straightforward approach to enhance GLUT4 expression is to increase the transcription rate of the gene. (ouhsc.edu)
GLUT4 gene expression is transcriptionally regulated in physiologic states such as insulin-deficiency and exercise, and it is likely that a pharmacological intervention can be developed to enhance Glut4 gene transcription. (ouhsc.edu)
Precise control of gene expression is essential for neural development and function. (wustl.edu)
Additionally, we show that CHD7 reduces accessibility of enhancers with corresponding reduction in enhancer activity and proximal gene expression. (wustl.edu)
These studies have set the basis for understanding how TFs and chromatin remodelers control gene expression. (wustl.edu)
whereas longitudinal but not transverse stretch induced expression of genes involved in sarcomere organization and cytoskeletal protein binding. (escholarship.org)
MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to 3′- or less often to 5′-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which in consequence leads to inhibited translation and/or induces degradation of targeted mRNA [ 1 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Here, employing an inducible B cell expression system, we have determined that M2 activates the NFAT pathway in a Src kinase-dependent manner - leading to induction of the plasma cell-associated transcription factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4). (prelekara.sk)
To assess the potential roles of HDAC4, HDAC4 expression in human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353) was down-regulated by transfecting small interference RNA (siRNA), thereafter, cells were treated with IL-1β or TNF-α, and the expressions of several matrix-degrading enzymes and anabolic factors were examined by using quantitative PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
These were correlated with gene expression, which was measured by RNA-tag profiling. (flybase.org)

A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)

This gene encodes a basic motif-leucine zipper transcription factor of the Maf subfamily. (en-academic.com)
1992). "A conserved retina-specific gene encodes a basic motif/leucine zipper domain" . (en-academic.com)

New disease genes and pathogenic mutations often seem far afield from the overt manifestations of human pathology, in particular when the gene is expressed life long, but the disease emerges only after years or decades. (rupress.org)
Mutations in this gene have been associated with retinitis pigmentosa and retinal degenerative diseases. (en-academic.com)
Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The MEF2 domain binds isoforms of the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors, while Domain I binds GEF (GLUT4 Enhancer Factor), a transcriptional activator identified and cloned in our laboratory. (ouhsc.edu)

Furthermore, the entire HRC enhancer sequence lacks any discernible CArG motifs, the binding site for serum response factor (SRF), and we show that the enhancer is not activated by SRF. (ox.ac.uk)
Analysis of this network identified serum response factor (SRF) and myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) as critical TFs in regulating longitudinal stretch-induced gene changes whose activity is modulated by protein kinase C (PKC). (escholarship.org)

Each gene glyph is hyperlinked to a pop-up window containing an automated gene summary and links to the FlyBase Gene Report and NCBI gene report. (flybase.org)

The whole adipogenic process was driven by a coordinated activation of transcription factors and epigenetic modulators. (biomedcentral.com)
With an accumulating number of researches into this disease, epigenetic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of OA in recent years [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

New Molecular Insights into the Excitation-Transcription Coupling. (neurotree.org)

Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

Gray JM, Kim TK , West AE , Nord AS , Markenscoff-Papadimitriou E , Lomvardas S. Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS. (neurotree.org)

For each annotated gene, all transcripts are shown with the complete intron/exon structure (exons indicated by wider bars, introns by black lines). (flybase.org)
Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Upon assessing transcriptomic and epigenomic functions of CHD7, we find CHD7 to regulate gene programs implicated in human disorders of brain folding. (wustl.edu)

Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family activation is reported to be involved in pitavastatin-dependent KLF4 induction. (soken.ac.jp)

Anatomy18

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MEF2C5

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MEF2D1

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