Enhancer 3 flanking region. Medical search. Frequent questions

Enhancers are DNA sequences found in 5′ flanking regions of eukaryotic genes that affect transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Silencers are DNA sequences found in the 5′ flanking region of eukaryotic genes, assisting in the silencing of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
TSS regions of 19,655 genes with high specificity toward forward (teal, 9788 genes) or reverse (orange, 9867 genes) strand signals in BisMapR, defined as log2 ratio of at least 1.5 in either direction between forward or reverse read densities, are shown. (elifesciences.org)
For all correlation analysis plots, read density was calculated for 1 kb flanking regions across all mouse TSS (55,364 genes). (elifesciences.org)
In addition, mutations in the 5' flanking region common to both CYP2D6Ch genes were found. (aspetjournals.org)
To evaluate the origin of the detrimental mutation in the genes, parts of the 5' flanking regions were introduced into a Hep G2/simian virus 40 expression system with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as a reporter gene, and transfected cells were analyzed for activity. (aspetjournals.org)
Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases. (lookformedical.com)
The adjacent neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and azurocidin genes encode serine proteases expressed specifically in immature myeloid cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
We also show that Dlx and Smad proteins localize to promoters/enhancers of a number of common telencephalic genes in vivo and that Smad proteins co-activate transcription with Dlx family members, except with certain mutated human DLX proteins identified in autistic individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Within this region, their expression overlaps with that of Gad65 and Gad67 , genes encoding different forms of the rate-limiting enzyme required for production of GABA from glutamate. (biomedcentral.com)
All exonic and intronic flanking as well as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of both genes were analyzed. (eigo-bunpou.com)
Enhancers promote transcription by providing a binding platform for transcription factors [ 12 ] that can act on (distal) target genes through three-dimensional chromatin looping [ 13 - 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The coding regions are obviously important - they're what makes the actual meaty, bony, brainy part of the animal, or the leaves and roots and flowers of a plant - but the thing is, we primates share almost all of the same genes with a mouse, which makes one wonder what makes us different from a mouse. (freethoughtblogs.com)
But hang on, the non-evo-devo people rightly cry, while mice and humans might have very similar sets of genes, the coding regions of those genes are not identical, and it is premature to claim that those differences are relatively insignificant … and we also know of variations in coding sequences that make big differences in fitness. (freethoughtblogs.com)
During thymocyte maturation, enhancers of genes encoding for TCRδ ( Tcrd ) and TCRα ( Tcra ), Eδ 8 , and Eα, work as a developmental switch controlling transition from Tcrd to Tcra activity at the Tcrad locus. (aai.org)
Further analysis revealed that a lower AR occupancy was accompanied by a reduction in FoxA1 binding at regulatory regions of AR-dependent genes. (oncotarget.com)
Here, we sequence a 2 Mb region encompassing the FTO, RPGRIP1L and IRXB cluster genes in 284 individuals from a well-characterised study group of Danish men containing extremely overweight young adults and controls. (biomedcentral.com)
Strikingly, rather than being restricted to active CGI TSSs, CFP1 also occupies a substantial fraction of active non-CGI TSSs and enhancers of transcribed genes. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the potential effects of TEs is the generation of new gene sequences [ 3 , 6 , 7 ] such as the envelope (env) genes of retroviral origin found in several mammals. (ecancer.org)
Gene transcription is mainly regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences (called motifs) located in the promoter regions of genes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
120 known sequences of HA and NA genes of different subtypes were selected from 500 hit count analyses of each gene covering sequences of viruses from different geographic regions (i.e. (cdc.gov)

Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
With the advent of time series Hi-C data it is now possible to connect promoters and enhancers and to analyze chromatin state trajectories at promoter-enhancer pairs. (biomedcentral.com)
We present TimelessFlex, a framework for investigating chromatin state trajectories at promoters and enhancers and at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C information. (biomedcentral.com)
We developed an expectation-maximization algorithm to assign promoters and enhancers to each other based on Hi-C interactions and jointly cluster their feature regions into paired chromatin state trajectories. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic regulatory regions like promoters and enhancers are important players in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that CFP1 is not solely recruited to CpG islands as it was originally defined, but also other regions including non-CpG island promoters and enhancers. (biomedcentral.com)

TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. (lookformedical.com)
The region of DNA which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located. (lookformedical.com)
This segment contains an Sp1 consensus site, which bound Sp1, flanked by two Ets family consensus sequences, which bound PU.1, GABP, and an Ets factor present in myeloid cell extracts. (johnshopkins.edu)
this fragment contains 1718 bp 5' flanking sequences, exon 1, a 929 bp intron 1 and part of exon 2. (uea.ac.uk)
Computer analysis reveals 10 consensus sequences for Sp1, six for activating protein 1 (AP-1), six for polyoma enhancer A3 (PEA3), 12 for AP-2 and five CCAAT boxes. (uea.ac.uk)
To understand the organization of cis-acting sequences that are responsible for oxygen-regulated gene expression, we have studied the 5' flanking region of the mouse gene encoding the hypoxically inducible enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH). (ox.ac.uk)
These regions are known as CpG islands (CGIs) and consist of short (~ 1000 bp) interspersed CpG-rich and predominantly unmethylated DNA sequences [ 1 ], which are associated with transcriptionally permissive chromatin state [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hundreds of examples have been identified in which individual exons possess sequences that are similar or identical to TE fragments [ 3 , 4 ]. (ecancer.org)
Other regulatory sequences, such as promoter-proximal elements and enhancers , also affect the frequency of transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In a structural gene, the transcribed region contains the coding sequences that dictate the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Exons, which contain the coding sequences for the proteins, are separated in pre-mRNA by introns , regions that have no coding function. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The selected nucleotide sequences were further aligned to identify significant divergent or conserved regions for detection and differentiation of subtypes. (cdc.gov)

RAN-mediated pRb-inactivation induced securin upregulation, a putative E2F1 target, by inducing misregulation in chromatin remodeling in its promoter region, which led to transcriptional activation and subsequent development of chromosomal instability. (biomedcentral.com)
Eight of these SNPs were analyzed for transcriptional regulation using reporter assays where all tested regions exerted regulatory effects on transcription in epithelial and/or immune cell lines, and seven SNPs showed allelic differences. (biomedcentral.com)
The proximal region of the cNANOG promoter contains a positive transcriptional regulatory element (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ( CEBP )-binding site) in ESCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)

Sp1 activated the distal enhancer 5-fold, GABP 3-fold, and the combination 8-fold in Schneider cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
We find that during normal lifespan of CMs gene regulation is mainly orchestrated by dynamic mCpG and canonical histone marks at distal regulatory and genic regions. (nature.com)

[ 14 ] A region known as the reactive center loop (RCL) protrudes above the core of the serpin molecule and has a sequence of amino acids that is complementary to binding sites in the active sites of the target proteases. (medscape.com)
Subsequently, truncation and mutation of a vimentin promoter demonstrated that HDAC1‑induced vimentin expression was dependent on a nuclear factor κ‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells (NF‑κB) binding site in the vimentin promoter sequence. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, a universal primer set previously reported to amplify all eight gene segments was modified by adding a 13 bp in length of flanking sequence (5-ACGACGGGCGACA-3) at the 5 end of each primer to enhance the annealing temperature and achieve high fidelity and yield in PCR amplification. (cdc.gov)

It is typically 10 nucleotides long, and is present -30 to -20 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site, in the core promoter region. (wikipedia.org)
Since the molecular mechanism underlying securin upregulation remains unclear, this study intended to investigate the association of securin upregulation with the Rb-E2F1 circuit and epigenetic histone (H3) modification patterns both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
ChIP-qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the recruitment of different histone modifications in the core promoter region of securin gene as well as its upstream and downstream regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased trimethylation of H3 lysine 4 and acetylation of H3 lysine 9 and 18 both globally and in the promoter region of the securin gene were observed by increasing the levels of lysine-N-methyltransferase 2A, lysine-acetyltransferase, EP-300 and PCAF after RAN treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
A gene also includes regions of DNA that regulate production of the encoded product, such as a promoter region. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Flanking SNPs are Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that appear in the flanking region. (wikipedia.org)
This is because most GWAS-identified SNPs are located in non-coding regions of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
However, such analyses also identified risk-associated SNPs located in non-coding regions. (biomedcentral.com)
The SNPs identified by GWAS that are statistically significantly over-represented in the disease (or case) populations are called risk-associated SNPs and genomic regions containing the SNPs are called risk loci for that particular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
At the genic level, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in noncoding regions of the human resistin gene were either not significantly associated with insulin resistance ( 4 , 5 ) or associated with an insulin sensitivity index in the case of a different promoter SNP from the one that we present in this article ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Other promoter elements found in eukaryotic 5′ flanking regions include initiator elements, downstream core promoter element, CAAT box, and the GC box. (wikipedia.org)
The CAAT box is a crucial element of the 5′ flanking region of eukaryotic genomes. (wikipedia.org)
The limitations of current methods are particularly evident in the vast noncoding regions of eukaryotic genomes, which, despite important recent progress 3 - 6 , remain poorly annotated and understood. (biorxiv.org)
Both crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes and sgRNAs can be used to target SpCas9 for multiplexed genome editing in eukaryotic cells 1 , 3 . (cdc.gov)

The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs. (lookformedical.com)
To detect the epigenetic drift of time passing, we determined the genome-wide distributions of mono- and tri-methylated lysine 4 and acetylated and tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone H3 in the livers of healthy 3, 6 and 12 months old C57BL/6 mice. (aging-us.com)
Multiple sites within the Tbx3 locus contact the promoter, including sites corresponding to regions known to contain variations in the human genome influencing conduction. (eur.nl)
In Segway, a Dynamic Bayesian Network modelling the read counts as independent Gaussian random variables is used to segment and label the genome at base-pair resolution into joint histone mark patterns [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The functional part of the genome can be roughly broken down into two components: the coding regions, or the actual bit of DNA that is transcribed and translated into working proteins, and the subset of the non-coding regions that are involved in regulating gene expression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Evo-devo proponents have been arguing that the most important changes in evolution have been in the regulatory elements of the genome, in particular the stretches of DNA called cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that flank the coding regions. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Multiple degenerate capture and intermediate oligonucleotides (usually four or five, respectively) complementary to the conserved regions covering the entire genome of each subtype were designed. (cdc.gov)

ChIP-sequnce analyis (ChIP-seq) revealed that fewer AR-binding sites were present in the context of p53 inhibition, suggesting that wild-type p53 is required for stable binding of AR to certain chromatin regions. (oncotarget.com)

Although enhancers are usually present upstream of the transcription start site, they can be present anywhere on or around the gene of interest. (wikipedia.org)
The ability of the upstream regions to bind nuclear factors was also evaluated using gel-shift analysis. (aspetjournals.org)
A part of the upstream region of base pairs -1407 to -1068 was found to constitute an enhancer element, but the CYP2D6Ch-specific mutations did not influence the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in the expression system. (aspetjournals.org)
ChIP-qPCR data revealed that the quantity of DNA fragments retrieved from the immunoprecipitated samples was maximum in the -83 to -192 region than further upstream and the downstream of the promoter for H3K4Me3, H3K9ac, H3K18ac and H3K9me3. (biomedcentral.com)

Polymorphisms in this region can lead to changes in the regulation of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of the DRD4 gene have been linked to ADHD, schizophrenia and methamphetamine abuse. (wikipedia.org)
Polymorphisms in the 5′ flanking region of the gene coding for oxytocin have been linked to mutations in promoter function, ultimately leading to potential disorders related to altered oxytocin levels and functionality. (wikipedia.org)
Linking this functional annotation with known genetic polymorphisms revealed the presence of cardiovascular disease-associated polymorphisms in active CM enhancers. (nature.com)

The acetylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27ac) and the mono-methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me1) are associated with active enhancers [ 9 ] and thereby also linked to transcription. (aging-us.com)
For example, active promoters are enriched in histone modifications H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and H3 lysine 4 di−/trimethylation (H3K4me2/3), while active enhancers are enriched in H3K27ac and histone H3 lysine 4 mono−/dimethylation (H3K4me1/2). (biomedcentral.com)

Not to be confused with the 5′ untranslated region, this region is not transcribed into RNA or translated into a functional protein. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that Tα3-Tα4 itself is not sufficient to impart a developmental delay to a chimeric "early" enhancer, and indicate the need for functional collaboration between Tα2 runx/ets sites binding proteins and proteins bound to Tα3-Tα4 for proper developmental activation. (aai.org)
However, this region is both non-coding and under strong linkage disequilibrium, making it recalcitrant to functional interpretation. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the degree of linkage disequilibrium across the entire intron 1 of FTO has prevented a single potentially functional SNP from being identified, although trans-ethnic comparison has permitted a degree of fine mapping of the region [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Deletions from the 3' end also implicate a region across the exon 1/intron 1 boundary and especially +21 to +58 in basal expression. (uea.ac.uk)
The LD region identified in the HapMap Phase II data spans about 50 kb, covering part of the first intron of FTO , the second exon and a small portion of the second intron [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These regions primarily function in the regulation of gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
If a transcription factor binds to an enhancer in a 5′ flanking region, the DNA strand bends in a way that the transcription factor that is bound to the enhancer can also bind the promoter of a gene. (wikipedia.org)
A specific transcription factor called CAAT-binding protein binds to this region and aids in transcription in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to these regions to align itself and begin transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Neurogenin, NeuroD, XASH-3, XATH-3) which are involved in the control of neural induction (i.e., neurogenesis, neural differentiation) and in the coding for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are also known. (justia.com)
We show that this region contains a Notch-responsive cis-regulatory module that directs numb transcription in the pIIa and pIIIb cells of the bristle lineage. (silverchair.com)
Region -9.3 to -7.3 kb stimulated transcription 7- fold, whereas other genomic segments were inactive. (johnshopkins.edu)
The most active segment was a 220-base pair region centered at -8.6 kb, which activated transcription 31-fold. (johnshopkins.edu)
The comparison of different age profiles of histone H3 marks revealed global redistribution of histone H3 modifications with time, in particular in intergenic regions and near transcription start sites, as well as altered correlation between the profiles of different histone modifications. (aging-us.com)
The +21/+58 region contains a putative binding site for the transcription factor leader-binding protein 1 (LBP-1). (uea.ac.uk)
Deformed epidermal autoregulatory factor-1 (DEAF-1) is a transcription factor that was originally shown to bind the autoregulatory enhancer of the Deformed ( Dfd ) Hox gene, which is activated in embryonic head segments of Drosophila (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
We identified an atrioventricular-specific enhancer and a pan-cardiac enhancer that contact the promoter and each other and synergize to activate transcription in the atrioventricular conduction system. (eur.nl)
The DNA fragment with the top-associated SNP 27:19,086,778 displayed the highest activity in keratinocytes with 11-fold induction of transcription by the risk allele versus 8-fold by the control allele (p difference = 0.003), and also mapped close (~3 kb) to an ENCODE skin-specific enhancer region. (biomedcentral.com)

These results and further mapping with 5' deletion mutants from the -738/+95 region have demonstrated that an AP-1 site at -92/-86 is essential for basal expression of the gene. (uea.ac.uk)
Point mutations within this region have further confirmed the role of this site, along with a more minor role for a neighbouring PEA3 site, in basal expression. (uea.ac.uk)

In vertebrate genomes, CpG dinucleotides are relatively depleted, except in specific DNA regions with a high density of this dinucleotide. (biomedcentral.com)

First, unlike a disease such as cystic fibrosis that is caused by mutations in the coding region of a gene, GWAS-identified disease-associated nucleotide differences are rarely found in coding regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Luciferase-containing plasmids are commonly used to investigate the effect of regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers and untranslated regions, or the effect of mutations of these regulatory elements on gene expression. (addgene.org)

Our experiments indicate that multiple CAD-associated genetic variants located in cell type-specific enhancers are involved in gene regulation in different cells and tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Notably, cis -regulatory regions in cardiac myocytes are significantly enriched for cardiovascular disease-associated variants. (nature.com)
This is particularly important at regulatory regions, such as CpG islands (CGIs), which are known to recruit Trithorax (TrxG) and Polycomb group proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

We find 116 887 and 137 557 nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in human and mouse FGCs, covering a large set of germline-specific and highly dynamic regulatory genomic elements, such as enhancers. (nature.com)
The polymorphic variable, enhancer, and promoter regions flanking the human insulin gene on the H haplotype were not associated with type I diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
We have generated fitCons scores for three human cell types based on public data from EN-CODE. (biorxiv.org)
Additionally, we explored for signals of natural selection within humans by sequencing the gene in 20 Europeans, 20 East Asians and 20 Yorubas and by analysing SNP variation in a 2 Mb region centered on FOXI1 in 39 worldwide human populations from the HGDP-CEPH diversity panel. (biomedcentral.com)
We generated a set of sgRNAs targeting multiple sites within the human EMX1 and PVALB loci with different tracrRNA 3′ truncations ( Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)

When repressors bind silencers, they act in a similar fashion as enhancers and bend over to prevent the interaction of RNA polymerase with promoters. (wikipedia.org)

We provide a high-resolution model of the 3-dimensional structure and function of the Tbx3/Tbx5 locus and show that the locus is organized in a preformed, permissive structure. (eur.nl)

The serpin family of proteins have a highly conserved molecular structure, with 3 beta-sheets and 9 alpha-helices. (medscape.com)
EαMC resulted in a very potent enhancer indicating that stereospecific interactions among proteins that form an Eα enhanceosome are rather flexible. (aai.org)

The 5′ flanking region contains the promoter, and may contain enhancers or other protein binding sites. (wikipedia.org)
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of numerous amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (highly insoluble protein aggregates) present in the brains of AD patients, particularly in those regions involved with memory and cognition. (justia.com)
Normal processing of amyloid precursor protein involves proteolytic cleavage at a site between residues Lys.sup.16 and Leu.sup.17 (as numbered for the .nu.AP region where Asp.sup.597 is residue 1 in Kang et al. (justia.com)
This normal pathway cleaves within the region of the precursor protein which corresponds to the .beta. (justia.com)
Gel-shift analysis shows that protein binds specifically to this region, but competition studies suggest that it is unlikely to be LBP-1. (uea.ac.uk)
It encodes a protein that prevents separin from promoting sister chromatid separation during mitosis [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This enhancer is located in the second intron of the proteinase-3 gene and so may regulate more than one gene in the myeloid protease cluster. (johnshopkins.edu)
By probing the 3-dimensional architecture of the Tbx3/Tbx5 cluster using high-resolution circular chromosome conformation capture sequencing in vivo, we found that its regulatory landscape is in a preformed conformation similar in embryonic heart, limbs, and brain. (eur.nl)

We find that prenatal development and postnatal maturation are characterized by a cooperation of active CpG methylation and histone marks at cis -regulatory and genic regions to shape the cardiac myocyte transcriptome. (nature.com)

Finally, we compare our variant data with a previous study describing IRX3 and FTO interactions in this region. (biomedcentral.com)

To define our set of intronic regions we used the intersection of introns from the same gene annotation projects. (eigo-bunpou.com)

Mutation of the Sp1-binding site reduced enhancer activity 8-fold in 32D c13 cells, and mutation of either or both Ets-binding sites reduced activity 3-4-fold. (johnshopkins.edu)
Tbx3 and its flanking gene desert form a 1 Mbp loop between CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-binding sites that is separated from the neighboring Tbx5 loop. (eur.nl)

Ser amino acid substitution in a region that is a highly conserved in cytochromes P450 belonging to gene families 1 and 2. (aspetjournals.org)

Bottom, bar chart of total forward and reverse strand read densities across the region. (elifesciences.org)

Direct binding of ZFP143 to the proximal region of the NANOG promoter regulates NANOG expression by modulating OCT4 binding [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In eukaryotes, the 5′ flanking region has a complex set of regulatory elements such as enhancers, silencers, and promoters. (wikipedia.org)
These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions. (lookformedical.com)
Empty backbones for inserting regulatory elements before or after the luciferase ORF can be found in a table below, as well as plasmids that already contain a region of interest before or after luciferase . (addgene.org)
The DEAF-1 binding elements identified in these studies are reportedly not required for enhancer activity however (Reed, 2008). (sdbonline.org)

We utilize time series ATAC-seq data measuring open chromatin to define promoters and enhancer candidates. (biomedcentral.com)

The compact enhanceosome created on Tα1-Tα2 explained the molecular basis for requirement of intact Tα2 TCF/LEF and ets sites for enhancer function. (aai.org)

J Immunol (2009) 183 (3): 1871-1883. (aai.org)

Co-localized combinations of histone modifications ("chromatin states") have been shown to correlate with promoter and enhancer activity. (biomedcentral.com)
TimelessFlex clusters time series histone modifications at promoter-enhancer pairs based on Hi-C and it can identify distinct chromatin states at promoter and enhancer feature regions and their changes over time. (biomedcentral.com)

DEAF-1 recognizes several TTCG motifs within the portion of the Dfd autoregulatory region termed 'module E.' In addition, DEAF-1 binds several similar motifs within a Dfd response element ( DRE ) from the 1.28 gene that enhances maxillary gene expression during embryogenesis (Pederson, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
The latter findings were contradicted in rodent models of obesity in which PPAR-γ agonists augmented expression of resistin ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Then, we measured the promoter activity of various 5′ flanking regions of cNANOG in chicken PGCs and ESCs using the luciferase reporter assay. (biomedcentral.com)

The CYP3A5*3 allele is linked with a poor metabolization of medication. (wikidoc.org)

We find jointly clustered promoter-enhancer pairs showing the same activation patterns on both sides but with a stronger trend at the enhancer side. (biomedcentral.com)

The insertion of this motif into the Diptericin ( Dpt ) regulatory region confers DEAF-1 responsiveness to this normally DEAF-1-independent enhancer. (sdbonline.org)

Plasma antithrombin is comprised of 432 amino acids, 6 of which are cysteine residues that form 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds. (medscape.com)
Centromeres and flanking pericentromeric repeat regions of different chromosomes aggregate and form microscopically visible chromocenters in interphase nuclei [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy23

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