Endothelial transcytosis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Transcytosis through microvascular endothelial cells is another possible mechanism of meningeal invasion during meningitis. (medscape.com)
Vascular endothelial cells normally provide an efficient barrier against thrombosis, lipid uptake, and inflammation. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Postulated G-protein-mediated signal transduction process in normal and regenerating endothelial cells. (nature.com)
The BBB is mainly formed by brain capillary endothelial cells that are closely sealed by tight junctions. (aspetjournals.org)
The in vitro model consists of a coculture of bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBCEC) and rat glial cells. (aspetjournals.org)
We used brain endothelial cells and mouse models of acid sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann Pick disease (NPD), and postmortem LSD patients' brains, all compared to respective controls. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
NC transcytosis across brain endothelial cells and brain distribution in mice were affected, yet through different mechanisms. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Reduced TfR and clathrin expression were found, along with decreased transcytosis in cells and mouse brain distribution. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A tendency to lower NHE-1 levels was seen, but highly increased ICAM1 expression in cells and human brains correlated with increased transcytosis and brain distribution in mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Permeability was assessed by the efflux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeated through the monolayer endothelial cells (ECs). (springer.com)
Histamine and NO secreted by the endothelial cells. (goconqr.com)
Therapeutics designed to enter the brain through transcytosis by binding the transferrin receptor, however, are restricted within endothelial cells. (caltech.edu)
2016). Methylphenidate-triggered ROS generation promotes caveolae-mediated transcytosis via Rac1 signaling and c-Src-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation in human brain endothelial cells . (up.pt)
To identify a drug that could increase PICALM expression, we screened a library of 2007 FDA-approved drugs in HEK293t cells expressing luciferase driven by a human PICALM promoter, followed by a secondary mRNA screen in human Eahy926 endothelial cell line. (qxmd.com)
Artesunate elevated PICALM mRNA and protein levels in Eahy926 endothelial cells and in vivo in brain capillaries of Picalm+/- mice by 2-3-fold. (qxmd.com)
To investigate whether DNA active demethylase TET regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (biomedcentral.com)
As a model system, we studied brain microvascular endothelial cells, which form the anatomical basis of the blood-brain barrier, and the tripeptide glutathione, one of the most effective targeting ligands of nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier. (holoeye.com)
To investigate this initial docking step between glutathione and the membrane of living brain endothelial cells, we applied our recently developed innovative optical method. (holoeye.com)
We present a microtool, with a task-specific geometry used as a probe, actuated by multifocus optical tweezers to characterize the adhesion probability and strength of glutathione-coated surfaces to the cell membrane of endothelial cells. (holoeye.com)
30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. (elifesciences.org)
Transcytosis is actively inhibited in the CNS endothelial cells for BBB integrity. (pharmaweek.com)
We identify that Mfsd2a acts at the BBB to regulate a specific vesicular trafficking pathway, caveolae-mediated transcytosis, in CNS endothelial cells by suppressing caveolae pit formation and cargo uptake at the plasma membrane. (pharmaweek.com)
The lipids transported by Mfsd2a establish a unique lipid environment that inhibits caveolae vesicle formation in CNS endothelial cells to suppress transcytosis and ensure BBB integrity. (pharmaweek.com)
Stroke resulted in vascular damage that was similar on structural and molecular levels between genotypes, though ob/ob mice showed an increase in transcytosis in endothelial cells which may mediate their enhanced blood-brain barrier breakdown.Some studies have found obese patients have better outcome after stroke, perhaps because they are protected from detrimental post-stroke weight loss. (manchester.ac.uk)
Uptake and transcytosis of both LIP types and control vesicles by human brain endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells were measured. (stabvida.com)
However several essential AMG-925 nutrients and carrier proteins are thought to mix the BBB via receptors indicated on mind endothelial cells through a process known as receptor-mediated transcytosis (Rubin and Staddon 1999 Predescu et al. (biotech-angels.com)
2007 Transferrin (Tf) receptor (TfR) a type II transmembrane protein highly indicated on mind endothelial cells (Jefferies et al. (biotech-angels.com)
The model comprises human cell lines of brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes in a two-lane or three-lane microfluidic platform that harbors 96 or 40 chips, respectively, in a 384-well plate format. (biomedcentral.com)
In each chip, a perfused vessel of brain endothelial cells was grown against an extracellular matrix gel, which was patterned by means of surface tension techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
The BBB comprises specialized endothelial cells and supporting cells, such as astrocytes and pericytes. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings support the notion that the newly uncovered properties of ALP to interfere with cytokine signalling and upregulation of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells are likely to contribute to the therapeutic potential of ALP in immune-complex-induced tissue injury. (biomedcentral.com)
DHA diols produced by Müller cells suppress Notch activation in endothelial cells, thereby promoting retinal angiogenesis. (rupress.org)

In order to expand current research it is important to know which receptors are selective and abundant on the BBB so that novel CNS-targeting antibodies or other ligands could be developed, targeting those receptors for transcytosis. (researcher-app.com)

Sucrose permeability was unaffected by high concentrations of aprotinin, indicating that transcytosis of aprotinin was unrelated to changes in the BBCEC monolayer integrity. (aspetjournals.org)

Resveratrol also down-regulated the increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR, or VEGF receptor-2) induced by high glucose. (springer.com)
On the other side, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the strongest hyperpermeability inducers (Senger et al. (springer.com)

Therefore high-affinity anti-TfR alters TfR trafficking which dramatically effects the capacity for TfR to mediate AMG-925 BBB transcytosis. (biotech-angels.com)
High-affinity transferrin receptor (TfR) bispecific antibodies facilitate trafficking of TfR to lysosomes and induce TfR degradation to decrease the ability of TfR to mediate BBB transcytosis. (rupress.org)

2007 the exact route of receptor-mediated transcytosis of Tf-TfR is not well understood in the BBB. (biotech-angels.com)
Receptor-mediated transcytosis is one of the major routes for drug delivery of large molecules into the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
The transport system that is most attractive to deliver large-molecule drugs into the brain is receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). (biomedcentral.com)

The holographic optical tweezers-directed functionalized microtools may help characterize the adhesion step of nanoparticles initiating transcytosis and select ligands to target nanoparticles. (holoeye.com)

Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)

Aprotinin transcytosis across bovine brain capillary endothelial cell (BBCEC) monolayers is at least 10-fold greater than that of holo-transferrin. (aspetjournals.org)

We demonstrate here the transcytosis ability of aprotinin and peptides derived from Kunitz domains using an in vitro model of the BBB and in situ brain perfusion. (aspetjournals.org)
Caveolin-1 expression and GM1 transcytosis were also reduced, yet increased GM1 levels seemed to compensate, providing similar NC brain distribution in NPD vs. control mice. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
These nanoparticles were designed to shed the targeting molecule during transcytosis to allow increased accumulation of nanoparticles within the brain. (caltech.edu)
PICALM controls several steps in Aβ transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (qxmd.com)
Its loss from brain endothelium in mice diminishes Aβ clearance at the BBB, which worsens Aβ pathology, but is reversible by endothelial PICALM re-expression. (qxmd.com)
Different neurological disorders alter differently brain endothelial transcytosis of drug nanocarriers. (icrea.cat)
c) Particullar lysosomal storage disorders either facilitate or hinder transcytosis of therapeutic nanocarriers across the blood-brain barrier. (icrea.cat)
Efficient transcytosis across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is an important strategy for accessing drug targets within the central nervous system (CNS). (researcher-app.com)
In RMT, a ligand (or antibody) binds a receptor on the luminal surface of a brain endothelial cell, after which it undergoes internalization via endocytosis and is trafficked to the abluminal side, where it can be released and gain access to the brain parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
Rasmussen CLM, Hede E, Routhe LJ, Körbelin J, Helgudottir SS, Thomsen LB, Schwaninger M, Burkhart A, Moos T. A novel strategy for delivering Niemann-Pick type C2 proteins across the blood-brain barrier using the brain endothelial-specific AAV-BR1 virus . (uni-luebeck.de)
Image depicts brain endothelial cell nuclei (green) with high-affinity anti-TfR antibodies localizing with the lysosomal marker LAMP1 (red). (rupress.org)

Thus, IgG sialylation and endothelial FcγRIIB may represent promising therapeutic targets to sever the link between obesity and T2DM. (jci.org)
Endothelial-specific knockout of PICALM abolished all beneficial effects of artesunate in 5XFAD mice indicating that endothelial PICALM is required for its therapeutic effects. (qxmd.com)

IgG transfer in IgG-deficient mice implicated IgG as the pathogenetic ligand for endothelial FcγRIIB in obesity-induced insulin resistance. (jci.org)
Mechanistically, the activation of FcγRIIB by IgG from obese mice impaired endothelial cell insulin transcytosis in culture and in vivo. (jci.org)
5XFAD mice with endothelial-specific Picalm knockout. (qxmd.com)

Transcytosis of Aβ-MAb-LIP through monolayers was 2.5 times higher when monolayers were pre-incubated with Aβ1-42. (stabvida.com)

The potential of recombinant ALP to block the interactions of leukocytes with the endothelial lining was concomitantly investigated in vitro and in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)

1998 has been proposed to undergo transcytosis in the BBB to allow access of iron-bound Tf by constitutive endocytosis (Fishman et al. (biotech-angels.com)

To test antibody transcytosis, the lumen of the model's endothelial vessel was perfused with an anti-transferrin receptor antibody or with a control antibody. (biomedcentral.com)

These peptides, and in particular Angiopep-2, exhibit higher transcytosis capacity and parenchyma accumulation than aprotinin. (aspetjournals.org)

PICALM endothelial levels are reduced in AD brains. (qxmd.com)

An IL-1β-activated endothelial layer formed by a murine glomerular cell line (glEND.2) was used to assay the interaction with human leukocytes in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was applied to determine endothelial E-selectin expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Nanoformulations targeting BBB transcytosis are being explored, but the status of these routes in LSDs is unknown. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

Here we summarise our overall strategy in endothelial transcytosis research, describe in detail the related challenges, and discuss future perspectives of these studies. (researcher-app.com)

Endothelial hyperpermeability induced by hyperglycemia is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis, one of the most serious cardiovascular complications in diabetes. (springer.com)

Length of surface PEG modulates nanocarrier transcytosis across brain vascular endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
This endothelial structure was comprised of highly intercellular adhesion molecule-1- and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-enriched vertical microvilli-like projections that surrounded transmigrating leukocytes and drove redistribution of their integrins into linear tracks oriented parallel to the direction of diapedesis. (rupress.org)
Muradashvili N, Tyagi N, Tyagi R, Munjal C, Lominadze D. Fibrinogen alters mouse brain endothelial cell layer integrity affecting vascular endothelial cadherin. (louisville.edu)
Provided the multiple roots of mobile ceramide, the existing study aims to look for the jobs of ceramide from different roots in mediating the transcytosis of oxLDL over the vascular endothelial cells and exactly how these transcytosed oxLDL contaminants further promote AS adjustments in vascular wall space. (azd1152.com)
In this study, we have used a similar approach to specifically ablate AR-signalling from Vascular Endothelial (VE) cells, with a view to defining the significance of androgen signalling within this cell-type on spermatogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Mating of Tie2-Cre males to females carrying a floxed AR gene produced Vascular Endothelial Androgen Receptor Knockout (VEARKO) mice and littermate controls. (biomedcentral.com)
A further cell-type expressing AR and consequently responsive to androgen signalling are the vascular endothelial (VE) cells [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the wide-ranging impact of VE function on both the vascular system and peripheral organs, expression of AR within VE cells of the testicular blood vessels would raise the possibility that androgen-mediated modulation of endothelial cell function within the testis contributes to the regulation of spermatogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We then exploited a conditional gene targeting approach to specifically ablate AR from endothelial cells of the vascular system to examine the impact of perturbed endothelial AR-signalling on spermatogenesis and male fertility. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to mediating transport of DHA, Mfsd2a suppresses caveolin-dependent transcytosis, with genetic deletion of murine Mfsd2a leading to enhanced transcellular transport and breakdown of the vascular endothelial barrier in the brain15 and retina16. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
The proposed mechanism of action involves ceramide-induced endothelial apoptosis, which subsequently enhances radiation by causing vascular disruption. (aiumthescan.blog)
The BBB is definitely made up of a multilayer buffer made up of vascular endothelial cells with limited junctions filling the gaps between cells (17). (researchensemble.com)

The first project deals with the potential for receptor mediated and adsorptive endocytosis with subsequent transcytosis (endocytosis followed by transcellular vesicular transport and exocytosis) of circulating proteins, peptides, and positively charge molecules through the cerebral endothelium and choroid epithelium. (grantome.com)
Receptor-mediated transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier of blood-borne transferrin and antibody against the transferrin receptor. (grantome.com)
This method led to the discovery of an anti-transferrin receptor nanobody that is able to deliver a biologically active peptide to the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
This method led to the discovery of an anti-transferrin receptor nanobody that can reach the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis after peripheral administration. (biomedcentral.com)
Nutrients are able to cross the BBB via specific receptors expressed on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells via receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). (biomedcentral.com)

Differential role of receptors in endothelial transcytosis and endocytosis of native and modified albumins. (nih.gov)

Endothelial cell DARC internalizes chemokines on the basolateral cell surface resulting in subsequent transcytosis of chemokines and their immobilization on the tips of apical microvilli. (birmingham.ac.uk)

The small size facilitates uptake into cells and transcytosis across epithelial and endothelial cells into the blood and lymph circulation to reach potentially sensitive target sites such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and heart. (nih.gov)
Because the oxLDL uptake by HUVECs can be an intermediate stage of oxLDL transcytosis across HUVECs, it could represent the quantity of oxLDL transcytosis inside a level also. (azd1152.com)
Using highly controlled anionic (−), cationic (+) and non-ionic (0) functionalized MWCNT ( f MWCNT), we correlate UV-visible spectroscopy with quantitative transmission electron microscopy, quantified from c . 270 endothelial cells, to examine cellular uptake, BBB transport and neurotoxicity of unlabelled f MWCNT. (rsc.org)
Uptake and transcytosis of both LIP types and control vesicles by human brain endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells were measured. (stabvida.com)
Due to their small size and often cationic charge, nanobodies are able to fuse with the negatively charged cell membrane which can lead to brain uptake via adsorptive-mediated transcytosis [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These DARC-mediated endothelial cell interactions allow chemokines produced in the extravascular tissues to optimally function as arrest chemokines on the luminal endothelial cell surface. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Specifically, endothelial FY located at sites of endothelial cell/cell contact regulates chemokine transcytosis and leukocyte diapedesis. (haematologica.org)

We are focused on mechanisms of caveolar protein transcytosis during traumatic brain injury or hyperhomocysteinemia. (louisville.edu)
Transcytosis of protein through the mammalian cerebral epithelium and endothelium. (grantome.com)
In studying the mechanisms enabling the translocation of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier, Heller said they found an important clue in the expression of the protein caveolin-1 (Cav1), a structural protein involved in caveolae that are known to undergo a transcytosis mechanism across endothelia. (aacrmeetingnews.org)
Abstract] Absorption and secretion of peptide and protein cargoes across single-cell thick mucosal and endothelial barriers occurs by active endocytic and vesicular trafficking that connects one side of the epithelial or endothelial cell (the lumen) with the other (the serosa or blood). (bio-thing.com)

Here we describe an in vitro cell culture Transwell assay for transcytosis of therapeutic peptides linked covalently to various species of the glycosphingolipid GM1. (bio-thing.com)

4 FY proteins are expressed on red blood cells (RBC) and endothelial cells of capillaries and venules (as well as on cerebellar neurons and epithelial cells of the kidney and lung). (haematologica.org)
Assays that assess this pathway must robustly control for non-specific and passive solute flux through weak or damaged intercellular junctions that seal the epithelial or endothelial cells together. (bio-thing.com)

Transcytosis through microvascular endothelial cells is another possible mechanism of meningeal invasion during meningitis. (medscape.com)
They also affect endothelial-astrocyte coupling mechanism and result in neuronal degeneration leading to an altered cognition. (louisville.edu)
P-selectin is needed for particles to bind to the endothelial cell, and Cav1 is needed for the transcytosis mechanism to occur," Heller said. (aacrmeetingnews.org)

This latter comprises endothelial cells wrapped into vessels which in turn are coated by pericytes, astrocytes, and other glial cells. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
This is partly due to the fact that the CNS is physically separated from the periphery by several barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a monolayer of endothelial cells supported by astrocytes and pericytes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This down-regulation order Birinapant is because of the lack of astrocytes that normally maintain appearance of Mfsd2a in cerebral endothelial cells through TGF1 and bFGF signaling. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)

Upon the excitement of exogenous and endogenous elements, the sphingolipid (sphingomyelin) in endothelial cell membrane rafts goes through hydrolysis by acidity sphingomyelinase, launching the hydrophilic phosphocholine group and producing hydrophobic item, ceramide [15]. (azd1152.com)
FITC-oxLDL Transcytosis across Endothelial Cell Monolayers To determine if the inhibitors alter the quantity of oxLDL transportation across HUVECs, we assayed the quantity of oxLDL transcytosis across HUVECs. (azd1152.com)
Upon the stimulation of exogenous and endogenous factors, the sphingolipid (sphingomyelin) in endothelial cell membrane rafts undergoes hydrolysis by acid sphingomyelinase, releasing the hydrophilic phosphocholine group and generating hydrophobic item, ceramide [15]. (azd1152.com)
Given that FUS +MB achieves BBB opening in part by disruption of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as claudin-5 of brain endothelial cells, we generated a stable MDCK (Madin-Darby Canine Kidney) II cell line (eGFP-hCldn5-MDCK II) that expresses fluorescently tagged human claudin-5. (thno.org)
VE cells possess an anti-thrombotic surface which facilitates laminar blood flow, whilst permitting nutrients and macromolecules to flow out of the bloodstream through intercellular spaces, the result of endothelial cell contraction or active transport through the cells themselves by transcytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Expanding our knowledge of the development of the BBB and the response of the cerebral endothelial cell upon exposure to specific ligands could provide valuable information for circumventing the BBB which would be beneficial in the treatment of certain CNS infections, neoplasm, and enzyme deficiencies. (grantome.com)
Distortion of the endothelial cell membrane by oscillating microbubbles in the presence of the FUS beam releases ceramide, which then causes platelet aggregation and thrombosis. (aiumthescan.blog)

We demonstrate here the transcytosis ability of aprotinin and peptides derived from Kunitz domains using an in vitro model of the BBB and in situ brain perfusion. (aspetjournals.org)
These peptides, and in particular Angiopep-2, exhibit higher transcytosis capacity and parenchyma accumulation than aprotinin. (aspetjournals.org)

We provide definitive evidence for transcellular (i.e., through individual endothelial cells) diapedesis in vitro and demonstrate that virtually all, both para- and transcellular, diapedesis occurs in the context of a novel "cuplike" transmigratory structure. (rupress.org)

Relevance to COVID-19 amongst AA derives from a DARC polymorphism (rs2814778, a T→C substitution in the promoter's GATA box) that prevents erythroid expression of both FY proteins, while FY expression on endothelial cells is unaffected. (haematologica.org)
We will study how brain endothelial sort different examples of misfolded proteins, using the recently reported syndapin-2 transcytosis (10.1126/sciadv.abc4397) and its relation with different disease states and ageing (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.12.199869v2). (ibecbarcelona.eu)

DARC binds a broad range of inflammatory CXC and CC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes, venular endothelial cells, and cerebellar neurons. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Combined Raman- and AFM-based detection of biochemical and nanomechanical features of endothelial dysfunction in aorta isolated from ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. (medscape.com)

Molecules that will be administered intravenously or injected into the cerebral ventricles and investigated for transcytosis are wheatgerm agglutinin, transferrin, insulin, albumin, cationized albumin, ferritin, and cationized ferritin. (grantome.com)
So Carolyn, in recent studies of obesity induced insulin resistance in mice with corroborating findings in human type 2 diabetics, this group, Shaul's group, previously made the surprising discovery that the insulin resistance is driven by an altered post-translational modification in IgG that leads to enhanced activation of FCYR2B in endothelial cells. (libsyn.com)
And as a result, there is an attenuation of insulin transcytosis across endothelial cells and delivery to skeletal muscle myocytes where up to 80% of glucose disposal usually occurs. (libsyn.com)

Isolation and Lifestyle of Individual Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) The assortment of individual umbilical cords was accepted by the Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical University, Huazhong College or university of Research and Technology (Wuhan, China), and executed relative to the Declaration of Helsinki (2008). (azd1152.com)

Not depicted here are the additional mechanisms of sonoporation and increased transcytosis, which also occur with FUS-mediated BBBO. (aiumthescan.blog)

Furthermore, ceramide can cause and promote the exocytosis of Weibel-Palade physiques in endothelial cells [23]. (azd1152.com)

Studies have shown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) cross the BBB, however they have largely relied on labelling methods to track and quantify transport, or on individual electron microscopy images to qualitatively assess transcytosis. (rsc.org)

5 RBC FY can dampen leukocyte activation, and endothelial FY guides localization and presentation of chemokines. (haematologica.org)

Anatomy21

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Phenomena and Processes10

Cells32

Receptors1

Permeability1

Vascular2

Mediate2

Receptor-mediated3

Ligands1

Signal transduction1

Capillary1

Brain11

Therapeutic2

Mice3

Monolayers1

Vivo1

ENDOCYTOSIS1

Transferrin1

Accumulation1

Brains1

Human1

Expression1

Routes1

Research1

Initial1

Vascular12

Receptor mediated5

Endocytosis1

Subsequent transcytosis1

Uptake5

Luminal1

Leukocyte diapedesis1

Protein4

Assay1

Epithelial2

Mechanism3

Astrocytes3

Cell7

Peptides2

Transcellular1

Proteins2

Neurons1

Biochemical1

Insulin3

Umbilical1

Occur1

Exocytosis1

Transport1

Activation1