Endothelial tight junction proteins claudin 5. Medical search. Frequent questions

In general, the BSCB is more permeable than the BBB, largely due to the relatively low expression of tight junction proteins like ZO-1 and occludin. (wikipedia.org)
To understand the association between netrin‑1 and the TJ‑associated proteins, the expression levels of proteins involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB, including netrin‑1, claudin‑5, occludin and zonula occluden (ZO)‑1, were investigated in the present study using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. (spandidos-publications.com)
The results demonstrated that the levels of mRNA transcription and protein expression of the TJ‑associated proteins, claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1, were significantly reduced following TBI. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study also demonstrated that netrin‑1 significantly increased the downregulation of claudin‑5, occludin and ZO‑1 expression levels induced by TBI, which provided a basis for further investigation on the role of netrin‑1 in the integrity of TJs and proper functioning of the BBB. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hirase T, Staddon JM, Saitou M, et al: Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Haskins J, Gu L, Wittchen ES, Hibbard J and Stevenson BR: ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interacts with ZO-1 and occludin. (spandidos-publications.com)
The hyperpermeability after 16 or 24 hours was associated with decreased expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-5). (gla.ac.uk)
In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
To determine the mechanism by which PrP c downregulation leads to increased permeability of an endothelial monolayer, we examined changes in expression and localization of tight junction proteins, occludin and claudin-5, and found that decreased PrP c leads to decreased total and membrane-associated occludin and claudin-5. (elsevierpure.com)
It also exacerbated BBB disruption and decreased the expression of tight junction-associated proteins, including ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin-1, whereas the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) had the opposite effects. (researchsquare.com)
Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation during perioperative period. (researchsquare.com)
In this study, we investigated the effects of TNF-α and propofol on occludin expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, D3 clone (hCMEC/D3 cells), and explored the underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells are linked together through the interactions among multiple tight junction proteins including claudins, occludin and ZO-1 [ 5 ]. (researchsquare.com)
The decreased expression of tight junction proteins, especially occludin, correlates with BBB disruption in several situations such as cerebral ischemic injury [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
A study revealed that truncation of occludin decreases transendothelial electrical resistance, suggesting a key role of occludin in the barrier function of the tight junction [ 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
It has been reported that TNF-α could decrease the expression of occludin in endothelial cells [ 13 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Exposure to nanoalumina, but not to nanocarbon, induced a dose-dependent mitochondrial potential collapse, increased autophagy of brain endothelial cells, and decreased expression of the tight-junction proteins occludin and claudin-5. (uky.edu)
Astrocyte activation increases hif-1, up-regulating vegf-a expression, which induces the down-regulation of claudin-5 and occludin, important proteins that compose the tight junctions of endothelial cells, leading to bbb injury argaw et al. (accurate3d.de)
Moreover, testisin siRNA knockdown increased the paracellular permeability to FITC-albumin across endothelial cell monolayers, which was associated with decreased expression of the adherens junction protein VE-cadherin and increased levels of phospho-(Tyr658)-VE-cadherin, without affecting the levels of the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, or ZO-1. (umaryland.edu)
Hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products disrupt BBB and promote occludin and claudin-5 protein secretion on extracellular microvesicles. (elisakits.co.uk)
[6] . Others have shown a similar change in paracellular permeability regulated by AQP5 in salivary glands, however in that system it was associated with alterations in claudin-7, claudin-3, and occludin [5] . (plos.org)
Focusing on three major components, Nano-scale resolution revealed sparse (occludin) vs. clustered (ZO1/claudin-5) molecular architecture. (iucc.ac.il)

Permeability was assessed by the efflux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeated through the monolayer endothelial cells (ECs). (springer.com)
The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in BBB permeability and whether pZsGreen1‑N1 mediated overexpression of netrin‑1 increased the expression of the TJ‑associated proteins following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, the changes in the expression of these three TJ proteins were consistent with the changes in the BBB permeability, indicating that weakening intercellular junctions leads to BBB opening. (spandidos-publications.com)
We propose that an additional mechanism by which inflammatory factors affect endothelial monolayer permeability is by decreasing cell-associated PrP c . (elsevierpure.com)
Penetration of the antibody targeting the human transferrin receptor (MEM-189) was markedly higher than penetration of the control antibody (apparent permeability of 2.9 × 10 −5 versus 1.6 × 10 −5 cm/min, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
Systemic treatment with nanoalumina elevated autophagy-related genes and autophagic activity in the brain, decreased tight-junction protein expression, and elevated blood-brain barrier permeability. (uky.edu)
In an investigation of testisin's function in endothelial cells we identified testisin as a novel regulator of physiological hormone-induced angiogenesis and microvascular endothelial permeability. (umaryland.edu)
Claudin-5 regulates the paracellular permeability in the blood-brain barrier and is the enriched tight junction protein at the BBB. (elisakits.co.uk)
There is reason to believe that the permeability of the BBB and BSCB differs with evidence suggesting that the BSCB is more permeable [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Endothelial inflammation increases the adhesiveness of monocytes to the endothelium in addition to increasing vascular permeability, promoting diabetic atherogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The effects of oxLDL‑mediated inflammasome activation on endothelial permeability under HG conditions, in addition to the effects of rosmarinic acid on these oxLDL‑mediated processes, also remain poorly understood. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in oxLDL‑induced endothelial permeability and monocyte diapedesis under HG conditions, in addition to the potential effects of rosmarinic acid. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, oxLDL‑stimulated ECs under HG conditions exhibited increased phosphorylated VE‑cadherin protein levels and decreased ZO‑1 protein expression levels compared with those in untreated ECs, suggesting increased endothelial permeability. (spandidos-publications.com)
A number of studies have previously suggested that vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by increased junctional permeability is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Rab7 regulates endothelial tight junction protein trafficking and paracellular permeability of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke. (columbia.edu)

Resveratrol also down-regulated the increased expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR, or VEGF receptor-2) induced by high glucose. (springer.com)
On the other side, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the strongest hyperpermeability inducers (Senger et al. (springer.com)
During early stages of embryogenesis, by a process called vasculogenesis, a part of the mesoderm differentiates into endothelial cells, forms a lumen, and deposits a basal lamina to create a vascular plexus de novo. (elifesciences.org)
Vinculin controls endothelial cell junction dynamics during vascular lumen formation. (unibas.ch)
Vinculin strengthens the endothelial barrier during vascular development. (unibas.ch)
Vascular Biology, 5 (1). (unibas.ch)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are two inflammatory factors that have been implicated in the processes that affect BBB integrity. (elsevierpure.com)
The vertebrate vascular wall is composed of two major cell types, endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells, which envelop the ECs. (silverchair.com)
Decreased expression of VE-cadherin in the neovasculature of Prss21-/- ovaries was also observed without marked differences in endothelial cell content, vascular claudin-5 expression or pericyte recruitment. (umaryland.edu)
ECs were treated with oxLDL under HG conditions in the presence or absence of ROS scavengers mitoTEMPO and NAC, p38 inhibitor SB203580, FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 or transfected with the TXNIP siRNA, before protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‑1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1), phosphorylated vascular endothelial‑cadherin (VE‑cadhedrin), VE‑cadherin and zonula occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) were measured by western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
Increased mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and protein expression of the tight-junction protein claudin-1 and of 2 cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule and E-selectin) were seen 2-3 days after cellular infection, the same time at which West Nile virus replication had peaked. (medscape.com)
Vascular endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in the most dreadful human diseases, including stroke, tumor metastasis, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (bvsalud.org)
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a critical interface between blood and tissues that maintains whole-body homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)

The model comprises human cell lines of brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes in a two-lane or three-lane microfluidic platform that harbors 96 or 40 chips, respectively, in a 384-well plate format. (biomedcentral.com)
In each chip, a perfused vessel of brain endothelial cells was grown against an extracellular matrix gel, which was patterned by means of surface tension techniques. (biomedcentral.com)

The endothelial cells have highly exclusionary tight junctions that prohibit most molecules from passing between cells and form specialized capillaries that, unlike capillaries in the periphery, lack fenestrations, have more mitochondria, and contain limited endocytic vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
The lack of fenestrations and endocytic vesicles reflects the restricted transcellular flow, while the increased number of mitochondria contributes to a high metabolic rate in these endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
The basal membrane is formed and maintained by all cell types in the BSCB and contributes to the cytoskeletal morphology of the endothelial cells, which affects the integrity of tight junctions and, by extension, the BSCB. (wikipedia.org)
Astrocytes are critically important for developing and maintaining the neuroprotective mechanisms of BSCB endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
They release secretory compounds that influence the phenotype of endothelial cells and express aquaporin and potassium channels that help regulate ion concentration and fluid volume within the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
We show that, while the axon guidance molecule Netrin-1 promotes nerve invasion by blood vessels via the endothelial receptor UNC5B during embryogenesis, myelinated Schwann cells negatively control intra-nervous vascularization during post-natal period. (elifesciences.org)
This mechanism involves specialized endothelial cells named tip cells. (elifesciences.org)
Studies have utilised immortalised mouse cerebral endothelial cells (bEnd.3) exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to study blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after ischaemia. (gla.ac.uk)
Thus, bEnd.3 cells exhibit hyperpermeability, a loss of tight junction proteins, and undergo cell death, after exposure to prolonged periods of OGD. (gla.ac.uk)
CD45 (LCA, leukocyte common antigen) is a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) ubiquitously expressed in all nucleated hematopoietic cells, comprising approximately 10% of all surface proteins in lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
The cellular prion protein (PrP c ) is a surface adhesion molecule expressed at junctions of various cell types including brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) that are important components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (elsevierpure.com)
An in vitro BBB model was established by a monolayer of human microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). (researchsquare.com)
The BBB comprises specialized endothelial cells and supporting cells, such as astrocytes and pericytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multicellular structure and mainly consists of microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, intercellular tight junctions and basal lamina [ 1 ]. (researchsquare.com)
It has been reported that the BBB protects CNS from harmful molecules and pathogens in the blood, and the effects are based on the structure of tight junctions between cerebral microvascular endothelial cells [ 6 ]. (researchsquare.com)
5,6) and various SASP factor4 genes is increased in the pulmonary cells of patients with severe post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
Testisin expression has been documented in eosinophiles, ovarian cancers, endothelial cells, and spermatozoa where its expression is highest. (umaryland.edu)
Live cell imaging of in vitro cultured microvascular endothelial cells depleted of testisin by siRNA knockdown revealed that loss of testisin markedly impaired reorganization and tubule-like formation on Matrigel. (umaryland.edu)
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. (plos.org)
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is a water-specific channel located on the apical membrane of epithelial cells in several sites in mammals, including corneal and pancreatic epithelium, secretory cells in salivary and lacrimal glands, and airway submucosal glands, bronchial epithelium and type I pneumocytes of the respiratory tract. (plos.org)
In polarized epithelium, adhesion between adjacent cells is mediated by intercellular junctions, namely, tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes [14] . (plos.org)
Tight junctions (TJs) are present between the cerebral endothelial cells and serve the function of limiting the paracellular flux of molecules across the BBB. (hindawi.com)
TJs appear as apparent sites of fusion involving the leaflets of plasma membrane of adjacent endothelial cells. (hindawi.com)
In a previous study, it was reported that oxLDL treatment induced nucleotide‑binding domain and leucine‑rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain‑containing 3 inflammasome activation in endothelial cells (ECs) under HG conditions, in a manner that could be effectively reversed by rosmarinic acid. (spandidos-publications.com)
Endothelial cells (ECs) form a semi-permeable monolayer that separates the bloodstream from underlying tissues and regulate the infiltration of blood cells and proteins through the vessel wall ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Tight junctions (TJs) between blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells construct a robust physical barrier, whose damage underlies BBB dysfunctions related to several neurodegenerative diseases. (iucc.ac.il)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human pancreas shows weak cytoplasmic psotivity in exocrine glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Primary mouse lung endothelial cells treated with or without control IgG was blotted with the anti-TJP-2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining in primary mouse lung endothelial cells. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human testis shows strong membranous and cytoplasmic positivity in cells in seminiferous ducts. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human colon shows moderate cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
Immunoprecipitation: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - HEK293 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated wtih anti-TJP2 ab (NBP1-86850) and Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose. (novusbio.com)
The GCX is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer (ESL), which covers most of the surface of the endothelial cells and reduces the access of cellular and macromolecular components of the blood to the surface of the endothelium. (biomedcentral.com)
The GCX, which is major constituent of the ESL, forms a luminal mesh that provides endothelial cells with a framework to bind plasma proteins and soluble GAGs. (biomedcentral.com)
The hepatocytes, endothelial and immune cells of the liver are aligned along this vasculature, and their spatial distribution along the liver zonation dictates their phenotypes and functions. (encyclopedia.pub)
Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors (TLR) on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) results in a CXCL9 chemokine gradient that attracts Kupffer cells closer to the periportal region to ensure immune surveillance and host defense from invading pathogens arriving through the portal vein circulation. (encyclopedia.pub)
The plasma membrane can be envisioned as a central compartment in the cellular adaptation to diverse stress conditions as it shapes the interactions between cells and their environment by harboring an elaborate complement of transmembrane proteins, e.g. transporters, channels, receptors, or adhesion proteins. (cell-stress.com)
Examining the ways in which the West Nile virus may cross the blood-brain barrier to infect the nervous system, Verma et al infected primary human brain microvascular endothelial (HBMVE) cells with NY99, a neurovirulent strain of the virus. (medscape.com)
To investigate whether DNA active demethylase TET regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that endothelial p120 modulates lung innate immune function by interfering with the association of TLR4 with its adaptor MyD88 to block TLR4 signaling and NF-B activation in endothelial cells. (msi-sig.org)
p120 is widely expressed in all cells capable of adhering to other cells including endothelial and epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and neurons (12), but it is weakly expressed or absent in B- and T-lymphocytes (12). (msi-sig.org)
In the current study, we tackled this function and shown that p120 indicated in endothelial cells modulates endotoxin-induced lung swelling through its ability to interfere with LPS receptor TLR4 signaling. (msi-sig.org)
CypD knockdown (KD) significantly inhibited the binding of NOX 4 to Poldip 2, and mitochondrial ROS generation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (bvsalud.org)
STUDY DESIGN: We tested our hypothesis in a carrageenan-induced thrombosis mouse model in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
In vitro, studies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in silico network pharmacology analyses were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of GQP and determine the main components, targets, and pathways of GQP, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Peritoneal cavity is rich in number of cells like mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes and immune cells like macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells. (ukessays.com)

Tight junction strands serve as a physical barrier to prevent solutes and water from passing freely through the paracellular space between epithelial or endothelial cell sheets. (exoquick.com)

We found reduced expression of the endothelial cell tight junction protein claudin-5 (Cldn5) and abnormal blood vessel morphology in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of stress-susceptible but not resilient mice. (nih.gov)
These findings suggest that chronic social stress alters BBB integrity through loss of tight junction protein Cldn5, promoting peripheral IL-6 passage across the BBB and depression. (nih.gov)
Description: Claudin-5, also known as BEC1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLDN5 gene. (exoquick.com)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Claudin 5(CLDN5) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (exoquick.com)
Human claudin-5 ELISA kit can measure concentrations of CLDN5 (claudin-5, BEC1, CPETRL1, TMVCF1) present is human biological fluids, serum, plasma and tissue homogenate samples. (elisakits.co.uk)

Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the claudin-5 antibody rabbit monoclonal reagents distributed by Genprice. (exoquick.com)
The Claudin-5 Antibody Rabbit Monoclonal reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (exoquick.com)
To test antibody transcytosis, the lumen of the model's endothelial vessel was perfused with an anti-transferrin receptor antibody or with a control antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
In RMT, a ligand (or antibody) binds a receptor on the luminal surface of a brain endothelial cell, after which it undergoes internalization via endocytosis and is trafficked to the abluminal side, where it can be released and gain access to the brain parenchyma. (biomedcentral.com)
Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Analysis in human cell lines A-431 and SK-MEL-30 using anti-TJP2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Green: CD31 Red: Tight Junction Protein 2 Blue: Nuclei. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows positivity in plasma membrane, cytoplasm and cell junctions. (novusbio.com)
This antibody detects both active and inactive forms of Caspase-3 protein. (samatashkhis.com)
anti-human Caspase 3 rabbit polyclonal antibody purified from rabbit anti-serum by Protein A chromatography. (samatashkhis.com)
I am strongly inclined to generate monoclonal antibody for this protein too and we should think about patenting it. (bicellscientific.com)
The JUN recombinant monoclonal antibody is prepared using a combination of protein technology and DNA recombinant technology. (cusabio.com)
Rigorous verification of this antibody is conducted to ensure its accuracy, and it can be utilized for detecting human JUN protein in ELISA, WB, and IHC experiments. (cusabio.com)

This suggests that cell surface PrP c is essential for endothelial monolayer integrity. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, monocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer was significantly increased by oxLDL treatment under HG conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequently, rosmarinic acid treatment significantly reversed oxLDL‑induced overexpression of adhesion molecules and monocyte‑EC adhesion, oxLDL‑induced endothelial junction hyperpermeability and monocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer under HG conditions, in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)

We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. (frontiersin.org)
We tried multiple times previously to create monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to claudin-2 and MLCK1. (bicellscientific.com)

Strong evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is essential for endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)

Since peripheral resistance arteries play a key role in blood pressure regulation, we aimed to determine here the specific Ca2+ signaling mechanisms linked to the ET receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in resistance arteries and their selective regulation by protein kinase C (PKC), Rho kinase (RhoK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (bvsalud.org)
The main reason that persistent hyperglycemia leads to a poor prognosis may be because of a series of pathological changes, and rupture of the BBB is an important pathogenic mechanisms [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
In both studies, mechanisms by which AQP5 altered these proteins were not further elucidated. (plos.org)
We have developed novel mouse strains that allow us to visualize changes in structural components of the blood-brain barrier, namely tight junctions and caveolae, in living animals for several CNS diseases (e.g. stroke and multiple sclerosis) in order to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying barrier impairment in these neurological disorders. (columbia.edu)

Susceptibility to toxins is already increased in BSCB endothelium through the relative downregulation of the critical efflux protein p-glycoprotein, thus slowing elimination of the toxins that penetrate the barrier. (wikipedia.org)
The function of the blood‑brain barrier (BBB) depends on the integrity of tight junction (TJ)‑associated proteins. (spandidos-publications.com)
Fanning AS, Mitic LL and Anderson JM: Transmembrane proteins in the tight junction barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
Huber JD, Egleton RD and Davis TP: Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier. (spandidos-publications.com)
Modifying the blood-brain barrier by targeting claudin-5: Safety and risks. (elisakits.co.uk)
We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. (frontiersin.org)
We observed substantial brain pathology in SARS-CoV-2-infected dogs, particularly involving blood-brain barrier damage resembling small vessel disease, including changes in tight junction proteins, reduced laminin levels, and decreased pericyte coverage. (cdc.gov)
Binding of LPS to TLR4 results in loss of endothelial barrier and expression of cell-surface adhesion proteins such as ICAM-1 through MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways (3). (msi-sig.org)

Furthermore, the blockade of ETB receptors also decreased TH-mRNA in DOCA-salt rats, but it did not modify TH activity or protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
We also showed that these factors decrease total PrP c protein as well as mRNA, indicating that they regulate expression of this protein by de novo synthesis. (elsevierpure.com)
The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Beclin-1 and autophagy-related (atg) 5 mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR, and the expression of ZO-1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) I and, LC3B II protein by Western blot. (karger.com)

The perfused BBB on-a-chip model shows presence of adherens and tight junctions and severely limits the passage of a 20 kDa FITC-dextran dye. (biomedcentral.com)

ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
It is localised specifically to the endothelial cell layer in the brain, lung, liver, kidney and skin while it is expressed in the epithelial cell layer in the stomach, colon, ovary and testis. (elisakits.co.uk)

CD45 protein exists as multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing, differ in their extracellular domains but share identical transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. (thermofisher.com)
Claudin-5 consists of 4 transmembrane domains, a short NH2 terminus, two extracellular loops (ECL), a short intracellular loop and a longer COOH terminus. (elisakits.co.uk)

Furthermore, there was a decrease in cell viability and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein, cleaved caspase-3. (gla.ac.uk)
4 hours OGD + 23 hours RO exacerbated hyperpermeability, decreased expression levels of tight junction proteins, decreased cell viability, and increased caspase-3 expression. (gla.ac.uk)
Moreover, they exhibit exacerbated hyperpermeability, a loss of tight junction proteins, and increased expression of caspase-3 after OGD + RO. (gla.ac.uk)
In fact, while fibrotic lungs showed decreased expression of endothelial tight gap junction protein Claudin-5, the fibrotic kidneys had an elevated expression of Claudin-5. (tmc.edu)
Hyperglycemia induction worsened the loss of BBB integrity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) by increasing the release of inflammatory factors and decreasing the expression of tight junction-associated proteins. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, basal expression levels of tight junction protein-1 encoding ZO1 were lower in R91W;Nrl −/− than in wt retinas. (nature.com)
In this case the impaired protein folding induced by heat stress is, at least partially, counteracted by an increased expression of chaperone proteins. (cell-stress.com)
Here, polymerase-interacting protein 2 (Poldip 2) was found in the endothelial mitochondrial matrix and no effects on Poldip 2 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX 4) expression treated by Ang II. (bvsalud.org)
Our previous study suggested a crosstalk between extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and CypD expression, and gallic acid (GA) inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons depending on regulating the ERK-CypD axis. (bvsalud.org)
The JUN protein is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to a variety of signals, including growth factors, cytokines, and stress. (cusabio.com)

Anderson J, Fanning A, Lapierre L and Van Itallie CM: Zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and ZO-2: membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues (MAGuKs) of the tight junction. (spandidos-publications.com)

For this claudin-5 ELISA kit it is recommended that a standard curve is generated for each assay carried out. (elisakits.co.uk)

About 20 years later, Copley [ 3 ] reported the endothelium-plasma interface and developed a concept in which the endothelial surface was covered by a thin molecular layer and an immobile sheet of plasma. (biomedcentral.com)
We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. (frontiersin.org)

Since the 1970s, the development of the intravital model for studying microcirculation has enabled several indirect and direct observations of the existence of an endothelial surface layer with a gel-like endothelial glycocalyx layer (GCX) located on the luminal surface of blood vessels [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These cell surface proteins impinge on the vast majority of all cellular functions by mediating nutrient uptake, preserving ion homeostasis and initiating complex signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. (cell-stress.com)

Endothelial hyperpermeability induced by hyperglycemia is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis, one of the most serious cardiovascular complications in diabetes. (springer.com)

Heterodimerization-dependent secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins in Drosophila. (unibas.ch)

In mouse development, permeable TJs become first restrictive to large molecules, and only later to small molecules, with claudin-5 proteins arrangement compacting during this maturation process. (iucc.ac.il)

The causes of hyperglycemia after TBI might be related to the stress response, the inflammatory response, diabetes mellitus, surgery and so on [ 5 ] . (researchsquare.com)
Chronic metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, promote endothelial dysfunction and eventually leakage, resulting in increased monocyte diapedesis ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In contrast to accepted knowledge, we found that in the developmental context, total levels of claudin-5 inversely correlate with TJ functionality. (iucc.ac.il)

The BSCB acts as a functional equivalent of the BBB by maintaining the microenvironment for the cellular constituents of the spinal cord [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

The plasma membrane is not only the first point of encounter for many types of environmental stress, but given the diversity of receptor proteins and their associated molecules also represents the site at which many cellular signal cascades originate. (cell-stress.com)

In conclusion, these studies have uncovered a novel innate immune function of endothelial p120 in downregulating the lung inflammatory response to endotoxin through the suppression of TLR4 signaling. (msi-sig.org)

Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS. (karger.com)

Although two substrates of testisin have so far been identified, protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and protein inhibitor C (PCI), little is known of the biological, physiological, and pathophysiologic characteristics of testisin. (umaryland.edu)

Endothelial dysfunction during diabetes has been previously reported to be at least in part attributed to increased oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels mediated by high glucose (HG) levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results suggest that rosmarinic acid can exert a protective effect against oxLDL‑mediated endothelial dysfunction under HG conditions by reducing the interaction between monocytes and ECs in addition to preventing monocyte diapedesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Endothelial dysfunction during diabetes is closely associated with increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels mediated by high glucose (HG) conditions ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we confirmed that GA inhibited Ang II-induced NOX 4 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction via ERK/CypD/NOX 4/Poldip 2 pathway, which provide novel mechanistic insight into CypD act as a key regulator of the NOX 4/Poldip 2 axis in Ang II-induced endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction and GA might be beneficial in the treatment of wide variety of diseases, such as COVID-19, which is worthy further research. (bvsalud.org)

2010 ). Results from cav-1 (caveolin-1, the key structural protein of caveolae)-deficient mice indicated that cav-1 in endothelium is essential in the translocation of LDL-derived cholesterol into the vessel wall and in the development of atherosclerosis, and this result was further confirmed in apoE-/- mice (Fernandez-Hernando et al. (springer.com)

The outcome of LPS/TLR4 signaling is the production of proinflamma-tory cytokines and upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules, which, if unchecked, induces tissue injury (11). (msi-sig.org)

An increase in serum albumin concentration of 1 g/dL increases protein-bound calcium by 0.8 mg/dL, whereas an increase of 1 g/dL of globulin increases protein-bound calcium by 0.16 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)
Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Occludin22

Permeability15

Vascular13

Brain endothelial cells2

Cells46

Paracellular1

Cldn55

Antibody12

Monolayer3

Polyclonal2

Essential for endothelial1

Mechanisms4

Barrier8

MRNA3

Adherens1

Epithelial2

Transmembrane2

Expression10

Zonula occludens1

ELISA Kit1

Molecular2

Luminal surface1

Extracellular1

Hyperpermeability1

Secretion1

Small molecules1

Hyperglycemia2

Correlate1

BSCB1

Plasma membrane1

Immune1

Inflammatory1

Receptor1

Dysfunction4

Vessel1

Adhesion molecules1

Increases3