• In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
  • Human liver organoids are formed from the assembly of hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from iPS cells, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This study aims to evaluate the potential anti-metastatic activities of OFE on human ovarian cancer cells, and investigate its inhibitory effect on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The epithelial-to-mesenchymal changes in cell phenotype has been defined as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EMT converts polarized and immotile epithelial cells to motile mesenchymal cells, accompanied by loss of cell-cell adhesion, planar and apical-basal polarity, and acquired mesenchymal features, including motility, invasiveness and enhanced resistance to apoptosis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The MC-813-70 antibody reacts with stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), a glycolipid carbohydrate antigen expressed on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma (EC), embryonic germ (EG), undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, and rhesus monkey ES cell lines. (stemcell.com)
  • Objective Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types, although little is known about factors that control their fate. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Relevant information has now been established on solid tumors and their micro-environments, which include immune, endothelial and mesenchymal cells. (fortunejournals.com)
  • Interstitial microvoids enhanced differentiation of multiple stem/progenitor cells (vascular, mesenchymal, neural), otherwise not possible with conventional bulk hydrogels. (regenhu.com)
  • We demonstrate that both, adipocyte- and iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells can guide this process. (regenhu.com)
  • The tumors are formed by the abnormal growth of cells and may begin in different parts of the brain or spinal cord. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • Brain and spinal cord tumors are named based on the type of cell they formed in and where the tumor first formed in the CNS. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • Tumors develop when the normal regulation of the balance between cell proliferation (mitosis) and programmed cell death (apoptosis) is lost. (doctorlib.info)
  • Tumor initiation is the process by which normal cells are changed so that they are able to form tumors. (doctorlib.info)
  • thus, tumors with a high cell turnover are most susceptible (certain leukemias and lymphomas, small proliferating tumors, "recruited" tumor cells, and micrometastases). (doctorlib.info)
  • Medulloblastoma is an embryonal tumor of the cerebellum that accounts for 20% of all pediatric brain tumors and is the most common cause of death from CNS malignancy in children [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Historically, medulloblastoma tumors have been treated according to a morphology-based classification system that divides tumors into three principle histopathologic classes: classic, desmoplastic/nodular and large cell/anaplastic (LCA) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In hematopoietic cell lines 60% of the internalized EPO is re-secreted [ 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Children with leukemia who receive fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI) with 12 to 13.2 Gy as part of conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplant are frequently treated with an additional 4 Gy testicular boost to reduce the risk of testicular relapse. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • Oxidized LDL displays proatherogenic activities through multiple and complex mechanisms which lead to dysfunctions of vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages). (bvsalud.org)
  • Depending on the type of oxysterols, various biological effects are exerted on vascular cells to regulate the formation of macrophage foam cells, endothelial integrity, adhesion and transmigration of monocytes, plaque progression, and instability. (bvsalud.org)
  • bFGF is a more potent angiogenic factor than VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ) or PDGF ( platelet-derived growth factor ). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The medulloblastoma has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a "malignant, invasive embryonal tumor of the cerebellum with preferential manifestation in children, predominantly neuronal differentiation, and inherent tendency to metastasize via CSF [cerebrospinal fluid] pathways. (medscape.com)
  • The pathology revealed a malignant neoplasm composed of tubules, papillary structures, ribbons of primitive stratified columnar cells, vesicular nuclei, and high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • Expression analysis of the human Hox Complex in teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1) upon treatment with retinoic acid and the definition of temporal colinearity concept. (cnr.it)
  • Review: Evaluation of pancreatic cancer stem cells-related markers CD133, CD44, Oct4, and Nestin proteins in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells by western blotting. (cusabio.com)
  • As proof-of-concept, EmVP was applied to create complex synthetic biology-inspired intercellular communication models, where adipocyte differentiation is regulated by optogenetic-engineered pancreatic cells. (regenhu.com)
  • EPO supports the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells and is critical for their survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. (cusabio.com)
  • Required for survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Examination of gene expression E-4031 dihydrochloride profiles has revealed dynamics between MSC, progenitor cells, and committed differentiated cells [29, 30]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
  • Anatomy of the brain showing the cerebrum, ventricles (with cerebrospinal fluid shown in blue), cerebellum, brain stem (pons and medulla), and other parts of the brain. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • Peripherally administered EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier and activates in the brain anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory signaling in neurons, glial and cerebrovascular endothelial cells and stimulates angiogenesis and neurogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In colorectal cancer, GSDME might be a positive regulator in cell invasion and metastasis through cell migration and angiogenesis, while GSDMA, GSDMB and GSDMD might be a negatively regulator of cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
  • In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • The protein products of tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, and tells when to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death). (doctorlib.info)
  • ES cells were aggregated into three-dimensional structures, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), and suspended in media containing fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
  • Human stromal cell line derived from bone marrow. (lonza.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
  • Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
  • Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can differentiate into somatic cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • SK-N-FI is a neuroblastoma cell line derived from a bone marrow metastasis from a 11 year old Caucasian male with poorly differentiated embryonal neuroblastoma. (lonza.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
  • The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
  • Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
  • Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can occur in seminomas and correlate with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells seen histologically. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular mechanism controlling the expression of the HOX Complex gene family in human teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1). (cnr.it)
  • Specifically, human iPS cells could be utilized to generate patient-specific lineages for a variety of translational research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells also exhibit the Warburg effect ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), seen in choriocarcinoma testicular germ cell neoplasms. (doctorlib.info)
  • Expression of SSEA-4 is down-regulated following differentiation of human EC, ES, and iPS cells. (stemcell.com)
  • Recombinant Human Wnt-3a (Catalog # 5036-WN) induces alkaline phosphatase production by the MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cell line. (novusbio.com)
  • Measured by its ability to induce Topflash reporter activity in HEK293T human embryonic kidney cells. (novusbio.com)
  • These microRNAs are expressed at high levels in several human embryonic stem cell (ESC) and human embryonal carcinoma cell (EC) lines [49, 50] and decrease upon differentiation into embryoid body (EB) for two weeks in culture [50] supporting their association with the stem cell state. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • The tissue model thereby mimics structure and function of human soft tissue with endothelial cell-coated larger vessels for perfusion and micro-vessel networks within the hydrogel-matrix. (regenhu.com)
  • Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
  • Cancer cells continue to produce lactate via glycolysis when oxygen is abundant (the Warburg effect) ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Melatonin disturbs SUMOylation-mediated crosstalk between c-Myc and nestin via MT1 activation and promotes the sensitivity of paclitaxel in brain cancer stem cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Nestin, originally identified as a marker of neural stem cells, was demonstrated to be expressed in breast cancer (BC). (cusabio.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • The effects on cancer cell migration and motility were evaluated by wound-healing and transwell assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These genes are deleted or inactivated in cancer cells, allowing unregulated proliferation. (doctorlib.info)
  • The expression of GSDMs was widely associated with cancer-related pathways, drug resistance, immune subtypes, tumor microenvironment and cancer cell stemness. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One strategy to increase cure rates is the identification of patient-specific drug responses in tissue models that mimic the interaction between patient cancer cells and tumor environment. (regenhu.com)
  • Histologic subtypes of medulloblastoma include: (1) desmoplastic/nodular type, (2) medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, and (3) large-cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • 1] Several subtypes of medulloblastoma have been recognized including: (1) desmoplastic/nodular type, (2) medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, (3) large-cell variant, and (4) anaplastic medulloblastoma. (medscape.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In primary cultures of mouse embryonic day 14 (E14) striatum, maintained in vitro for 24 hr, 12% of the cells responded to FGF-2, whereas no response to EGF could be detected. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Priming of striatal cells for 24 hr with FGF-2 but not with EGF was sufficient to induce the appearance of EGF- and FGF-2 responsive cells after only 2 d in vitro. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Thus, neural precursor cells from the mouse E14 striatum initially responding to FGF-2 only acquire EGF responsiveness later during in vitro development. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Beta-galactosidase of ROSA26 mice is a useful marker for detecting the definitive erythropoiesis after stem cell transplantation" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • The differentiated ES cell cultures are heterogeneous and contain undifferentiated ES cells, which could result in teratoma formation after transplantation into the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatocytes derived from iPS cells are suitable for transplantation into patients with liver insufficiency and for use in toxicity tests ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The spinal cord is a column of nerve tissue that runs from the brain stem down the center of the back. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • WB: Rat kidney and liver tissue lysate, A431, U-2 OS, HepG2 whole cell lysates. (abcam.com)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal breast tissue, nestin is expressed in the basal/myoepithelial cells. (cusabio.com)
  • Nevertheless, the possibility of obtaining MSC from an autologous NFATC1 source and their ability to differentiate into a variety of connective tissue types makes them ideal candidates for cell therapy. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Bioprinted channels are coated with endothelial cells post printing to form a dense vessel - tissue barrier. (regenhu.com)
  • Regulated Cell Death (RCD) is a universal process in living organisms essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to various stressors. (ijbs.com)
  • RCD is critical for cell homeostasis, tissue remodeling, and disease processes. (ijbs.com)
  • Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. (lookformedical.com)
  • Differential dosage-dependent roles of OTX2 in specifying regional identities and neuronal cell types during brain development. (cnr.it)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • EPO and its receptors (EPOR) are expressed in multiple brain cells during brain development and upregulated in the adult brain after injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An adult central nervous system tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the brain and/or spinal cord. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. (kaiserpermanente.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) induce the proliferation of neural precursor cells isolated from specific regions of the embryonic and adult brain. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Know how to localize brain stem lesions. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • This Special Issue contains separate papers discussing undervalued ubiquitous proteins, chronic inflammation, eicosanoids, microbiome and morbid obesity, PCN, cell transition, followed by altered signaling induced by Metformin, NF-κB signaling and crosstalk during carcinogenesis, and a brief synopsis. (4open-sciences.org)
  • In addition, we summarize the recent direct reprogramming of cardiomyocytes from fibroblast cells, which provides another method for potential heart disease therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • Under these conditions, iPS cells begin to differentiate into a hepatocyte lineage. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)
  • Understanding key regulatory pathways and molecules either involved in maintaining MSC in their undifferentiated state or during the process of differentiation allows for a better handle on expanding and culturing these cells in large scale for therapeutic applications. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • A gelatin-methacrylate/fibrin-based matrix containing multiple cell types mimics the tumor-microenvironment that promotes spontaneous micro-vessel formation by embedded endothelial cells. (regenhu.com)
  • Also, it is been detected in BC stem cells and newly-formed tumor vessels promoting invasion and metastasis. (cusabio.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
  • We demonstrate that micro-vessels are attracted by and grow into tumor spheroids and that neuroblastoma cells invade the tumor-environment as soon as the spheroids disrupt. (regenhu.com)
  • Its primary function is to eliminate non-functional or potentially harmful cells, contributing to overall biological equilibrium. (ijbs.com)
  • Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
  • Nestin stabilizes lamin A-C for maintaining nuclear integrity and protecting tumor cells from senescence. (cusabio.com)
  • Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes and arrests the cell cycle. (doctorlib.info)
  • Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
  • The mutant proteins coded by oncogenes (oncoproteins) are overactive and allow cells to proliferate when they should not. (doctorlib.info)
  • The gasdermins (GSDMs) family is proposed to be pore-forming effector proteins that cause cell membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins that act both at the cell surface and intracellularly will be discussed in this thesis, with particular emphasis on the fibroblast growth factors. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The FGFs are heparin -binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans has been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • Cuproptosis causes proteotoxic stress and ultimately results in cell death by the binding of Cu ions to lipid-acylated proteins during the tricarboxylic acid cycle of mitochondrial respiration. (ijbs.com)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD16 and CD56 are markers for NK Cells *Rx for Mycoplasma pneumonia (cold agglutinins) mentioned in stem  Erythromycin, Tetracycline *Guy had occult blood in stool and fibrosis in kidney  Polyarteritis Nodosa *What type of HSN reaction is the PPD test for TB  Type IV HSN Rx *ADH hormone 2nd messenger  adenylyl cyclase / cAMP *Pt. (pdfcoffee.com)
  • Once cleaved, the cytotoxic N-terminal fragment is liberated and free to form membrane pores through oligomerization and insertion into the plasma membrane, resulting in loss of osmotic homeostasis, cell swelling, and death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the lineage relationship between the EGF- and FGF-2-responsive cells is unknown. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
  • This review presents the current knowledge on the role of Nestin in essential stem cell functions, including self-renewal/proliferation, differentiation and migration, in the context of the cytoskeleton. (cusabio.com)
  • Ježek J, Engstová H, Ježek P (2017) Antioxidant mechanism of mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone SkQ1 is suppressed in aglycemic HepG2 cells dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. (mitophysiology.org)