Endosperm rice. Medical search. Frequent questions

The endosperm is the starchy center of the kernel. (selfgrowth.com)
However, the trade-off is that cooked white rice nutrition consists almost entirely of starchy carbohydrates, including amylose and amylopectin. (livestrong.com)
According to Harvard's Nutrition Source , white rice varieties are refined grains, which means it starts off just like brown rice but then the bran and embryo are polished off so only the "starchy white endosperm" remains. (today.com)
The bran contains fiber, the germ is the nutrient-dense part of the seed that will sprout if planted, and the endosperm is the starchy part, to give the seedling energy. (mvtimes.com)
Refined grains made with just the starchy, white endosperm layer are fortified with vitamins, but they contain less fiber. (healthfully.com)

All plants can absorb some arsenic, but rice can absorb up to ten times as much as other grains. (drfuhrman.com)
The best way to understand the distinction between white rice and brown rice is to understand the distinction between whole grains and refined grains. (livestrong.com)
Arrack, a strong spirit distilled from fermented fruits, grains, or sugarcane, is occasionally prepared from a rice infusion. (india9.com)
Consuming whole grains like brown rice can help prevent or improve several health conditions, including diabetes and heart disease. (killerinsideme.com)
Not to mention, swapping refined grains like white rice for brown rice may even help you lose weight. (killerinsideme.com)
For example, whole grains are better for our health when compared to simple carbs - which is why brown rice or black rice are regarded as the healthiest options. (killerinsideme.com)
Vary your grains, especially if rice is a big part of your diet. (killerinsideme.com)
Based on the findings, OsCOP1 is involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and embryogenesis of rice grains. (isaaa.org)
1 All staples such as rice, noodles and bread must be made of whole-grains. (who.int)
Rice/porridge options must contain at least 20% whole-grains, bread options at least 10% whole-grains, noodle options at least 8% whole-grains, and pasta options must be 100% whole-grains. (who.int)
Well, that is because brown rice has whole grains and additionally contains all the goodness of the rice grains. (zomgcandy.com)
Moreover, brown rice grains contain an essential enzyme known as superoxide dismutase . (zomgcandy.com)
Well, brown rice contains whole grains that have a low glycemic index. (zomgcandy.com)
The carbs in some foods (mostly those that contain simple sugars and highly refined grains, such as white flour and white rice) are easily broken down and cause blood sugar levels to rise quickly. (kidshealth.org)
Medical experts think eating too many refined carbs - such as the refined sugars in candy and soda, and refined grains like the white rice and white flour used in many pastas and breads - have contributed to the rise of obesity in the United States. (kidshealth.org)
Whole grains , like brown rice, oatmeal, and whole-grain breads and cereals, are the way to go. (kidshealth.org)
Whole grains contain all three parts of the grain (the bran, germ, and endosperm), whereas refined grains are mainly just the endosperm. (kidshealth.org)
To make sure your child is getting plenty of whole grains or products made of whole grain, incorporate oatmeal, barley, whole wheat flour or bread, and wild and brown rice into her diet. (healthychildren.org)
These refined grains include white flour, white bread, and white rice. (healthychildren.org)
Whole grains are defined as intact or processed grains, where the contents of endosperm, bran and germ are present in the same relative proportion as in the intact grains. (dtu.dk)
Today the most commonly produced grains around the world are rice, corn, and wheat, but there are many different kinds of grains! (davisfood.coop)
By definition, whole grains contain all the parts of the grain seed, including the bran, germ, and endosperm. (mvtimes.com)
In their authentic (unrefined) condition, the majority of grains like wheat, cereals, brown rice and also quinoa have outer coatings or layers that teem with healthy and balanced vitamins, minerals as well as fiber. (mac56ktest.com)

The function of promoter elements, promoter length, and the first intron of the rice actin gene were tested by a transient expression assay in immature wheat endosperm and in stable transgenic rice plants. (bioone.org)
Read the ingredient list carefully, focusing on products with 100% whole in their names, whole wheat, brown rice, whole-grain oats or corn. (selfgrowth.com)
Just make simple food swaps: eat 100% whole-wheat bread instead of white bread, eat brown rice instead of white rice, eat whole-wheat spaghetti instead of regular spaghetti, eat whole-grain cereal instead of regular cereal OR eat oatmeal instead of farina. (selfgrowth.com)
Unfortunately, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), as the most important metal elements, are present in low quantities of staple food, such as rice and wheat [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
To vary the intake of whole-grain products, you can eat rye bread with or without seeds, whole-grain wheat bread, oatmeal, muesli, porridge of millet or barley, brown rice, whole-grain pasta, bulgur and couscous. (dtu.dk)
Other grain starches include rice flour and wheat flour. (tipsbulletin.com)
Though there is no husk, wheat malt still has an aleurone around the endosperm, which can be preserved fairly well by malt conditioning. (braukaiser.com)
This process allows brewing wheat beers with a high percentage of wheat malt without the use of a lautering aid like rice hulls. (braukaiser.com)
During processing of Maida from wheat, endosperm of the wheat is removed from the germ (wheat germ) and the bran (wheat bran), which is very crucial for digestion. (practo.com)
When a grain is refined it loses these layers, leaving only the wheat bran, endosperm and also germ. (mac56ktest.com)

Think brown rice, rolled oats and corn. (weightwatchers.com)

In fact, the high starch content of rice is often considered one of the disadvantages of rice . (livestrong.com)
The endosperm contains the bulk of the grain's starch, which brewers use to make sugar during fermentation. (jamztang.com)
Cornstarch is a grain starch derived from the endosperm of a corn kernel, which consists primarily of starch and protein. (tipsbulletin.com)
While it's true that rice is high in fiber, it's also high in starch, which can cause problems with digestion. (blinddogs.net)
The high starch content in rice causes gas to build up in the intestines. (blinddogs.net)

Unlike white rice, it still contains the bran layer and the germ, both of which pack a significant amount of nutrients. (killerinsideme.com)
Each seed has four main parts: a husk or hull, a bran layer, the endosperm, and the germ. (jamztang.com)

This is obvious when cooking rice or quinoa because the grain kernel is still intact, but can become more confusing when buying grain products like bread, pasta, and crackers. (davisfood.coop)

The germ is the core of the grain, and is often rich in many different nutrients, such as fat, protein, carbohydrates, antioxidants, and many other different beneficial compounds, including most of the vitamins in rice. (livestrong.com)
Refined carbohydrates like white rice have a high glycemic index, which causes rapid spikes in blood sugar that increase diabetes risk. (killerinsideme.com)
According to Fernstrom, a 1 cup serving of wild rice has about 50 fewer calories than brown rice and 10 fewer grams of carbohydrates. (today.com)
The endosperm is where carbohydrates and proteins are located. (blinddogs.net)
Most people think that carbohydrates are bad for dogs, but rice is actually a good choice because it's low in sugar content. (blinddogs.net)

Here, up to four carotenogenic genes encoding PSY, CRTI, BCH and BKT were concatenated and produced β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and ketocarotenoids (astaxanthin and adonixanthin) in transgenic rice seeds displaying color variation due to the difference in carotenoid content and composition. (korea.ac.kr)

When brown rice has its bran and germ removed it is called white rice. (drfuhrman.com)

Golden rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, in the edible parts of the rice. (wikipedia.org)
Although golden rice has met significant opposition from environmental and anti-globalisation activists, more than 100 Nobel laureates in 2016 encouraged use of genetically modified golden rice which can produce up to 23 times as much beta-carotene as the original golden rice. (wikipedia.org)
Lycopene is then cyclized to beta-carotene by the endogenous cyclase in golden rice. (wikipedia.org)
Preliminary results from field tests showed field-grown golden rice produces 4 to 5 times more beta-carotene than golden rice grown under greenhouse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
This followed a 2016 decision where the FDA had ruled that the beta-carotene content in golden rice did not provide sufficient amounts of vitamin A for US markets. (wikipedia.org)
Golden rice was created by transforming rice with two beta-carotene biosynthesis genes: psy (phytoene synthase) from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) crtI (phytoene desaturase) from the soil bacterium Erwinia uredovora (The insertion of a lcy (lycopene cyclase) gene was thought to be needed, but further research showed it is already produced in wild-type rice endosperm. (wikipedia.org)
Recent analysis has shown the plant's endogenous enzymes process the lycopene to beta-carotene in the endosperm, giving the rice the distinctive yellow colour for which it is named. (wikipedia.org)
The most elegant and practical approach to preventing VAD is a group of genetically engineered rice varieties known as Golden Rice because of its color, which is imparted by the presence of beta-carotene, the precursor of vitamin A. (acsh.org)
Greenpeace has variously alleged that the levels of beta-carotene in Golden Rice are too low to be effective or so high that they would be toxic. (acsh.org)
But feeding trials have shown the rice to be highly effective in preventing VAD, and toxicity is virtually impossible because conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A ceases when vitamin A levels in the blood rise above normal. (acsh.org)

Germ - The germ (embryo) makes up about 2% of the weight of a paddy rice kernel, and has the ability to sprout into a new plant if allowed to germinate. (riceland.com)
Mutations of OsCOP1 , an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) , were found to cause yellowish pericarp in rice and embryonic death, indicating the vital role of OsCOP1 in the production of flavonoids and in rice seed embryo formation. (isaaa.org)
To elucidate more about this process, researchers from Seoul National University and partners generated three yellowish-pericarp embryo lethal ( yel ) rice mutants. (isaaa.org)
On the other hand, overexpression of OsCOP1 led to the restoration of normal pericarp color, as well as reduced flavonoid accumulation in the embryo and endosperm. (isaaa.org)
The germ is a tiny embryo that is surrounded by the endosperm. (jamztang.com)

2 White rice is high glycemic food that is low in nutrients, so don't think it is the better alternative. (drfuhrman.com)
White rice has a high glycemic index and thus diabetics should avoid it. (killerinsideme.com)
Since rice is low on the glycemic index, it won't raise your dog's blood sugar levels like processed meats can. (blinddogs.net)

600 improved varieties of rice are cultivated, but Basmati rice is planted over large areas and exported. (india9.com)
There are many varieties of rice, which vary in grain size and in the texture of the cooked product. (funtrivia.com)

The psy and crtI genes were transferred into the rice nuclear genome and placed under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, so that they are only expressed in the endosperm. (wikipedia.org)
Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)

It, therefore, has more nutritional content than white rice and contains plenty of antioxidants and fiber. (livestrong.com)
You are already aware that brown rice has potent antioxidants present in them. (zomgcandy.com)

Brown rice has a greater food value than white, since the outer brown coatings hold the proteins and minerals. (india9.com)
Biofortification of Fe and Zn in rice is the most economical and convenient way to supplement these important minerals in the diet of poor people. (intechopen.com)
Have you even wondered why Asian countries have eaten white rice for thousands of years, not brown Because brown rice is full of phytates and lectins, which bind to vitamins and minerals and prevent them from being absorbed. (killerinsideme.com)
This is the unhealthiest type of rice because most of the minerals and nutrients are stripped off during the industrial processing. (killerinsideme.com)
Well, brown rice benefits you immensely for the considerable content of minerals present in them. (zomgcandy.com)
The brown rice that is produced has more vitamins and minerals than the white rice that is produced when everything is removed except the innermost core, called the endosperm. (funtrivia.com)
So when you feed your dog rice instead of meat, you're helping her store these minerals properly. (blinddogs.net)

Wild rice is a term that usually refers to the seeds of grasses in the genus Zizania, not the genus Oryza which produces the 40,000 (or so) most commonly used rice types. (funtrivia.com)
Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is most important world food crop. (biomedcentral.com)
Suppression of microRNA159 impacts multiple agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L. (biomedcentral.com)

If you or anyone you know has diabetes, include brown rice to the daily diet today. (zomgcandy.com)

The approval came as the first commercial propagation authorisation of genetically engineered rice in South and Southeast Asia. (wikipedia.org)

What Vitamins Does Rice Have? (livestrong.com)
There are a few vitamins in rice, including vitamins E, K and B. Long grain brown rice contains higher amounts of these vitamins than white rice. (livestrong.com)
According to Harvard's T.H. Chan School of Public Health , whole-grain rice varieties (like brown, red and black) are not only an affordable option but they're also rich in fiber, vitamins B1 and B6, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium and manganese. (today.com)

Golden rice seeds may cost farmers the same as other rice varieties. (wikipedia.org)
NBC News health and nutrition editor Madelyn Fernstrom tells TODAY.com that "wild rice is not wild, and it's not rice - it's the seeds of edible grasses found in North America. (today.com)
The rice seeds stolen by Greenpeace had been genetically improved for insect resistance and were en route to the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. (acsh.org)
The modified seeds were to be tested to confirm that they would grow and produce high yields of rice with far lower applications of chemical pesticides. (acsh.org)

White basmati rice from California, India, and Pakistan, and sushi rice from the U.S. may have less arsenic than other types of rice. (killerinsideme.com)

Using the respective signal sequences cloned upstream to GFP/CFP reporter proteins and transient expression studies with onion epidermal cells, evidence is provided that rice ClpB-m and Clp-c proteins are indeed localized to their respective cell locations mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)

Different types of rice will have different amounts of each of these starches, which will affect their digestibility and texture. (livestrong.com)
Furthermore, some types of rice have lower levels of carbs, or lower calories, than others. (killerinsideme.com)
Here's a closer look at four of the most popular types of rice on the market and how to serve them. (today.com)

This processing allows white rice to have a longer shelf life and shorter cooking time, but the healthful fiber in the bran and beneficial nutrients in the germ are lost. (drfuhrman.com)
Brown rice has the bran and germ intact, both of which are responsible for giving it its high fiber. (killerinsideme.com)
But, if you need to follow a low-fiber diet, white rice would be a better option. (killerinsideme.com)
Brown rice tends to be a bit more caloric, but it also contains extra protein and fiber that offer these health benefits: Lowers cholesterol. (killerinsideme.com)
It makes up about 20% of the weight of paddy rice, and contains high percentages of fiber and silica. (riceland.com)
Brown rice makes a great base for hearty grain bowls (the higher fiber content will help you feel fuller longer) as well as in dishes where a slightly nutty taste is appreciated, like a pilaf with roasted veggies. (today.com)

4 Arsenic accumulates most in the outer layer of rice, which is the reason that whole grain rice, with its bran intact, can have up to 80 percent more arsenic than white rice. (drfuhrman.com)
Bran - Refers to the outer layers of the edible rice kernel. (riceland.com)
The process of refining rice leads to the removal of the outer layer and germ from it. (practo.com)

A chimaeric promoter was assembled using the 5′ UTR (1,900 bp) of the gene coding for the 1Bx17 HMW glutenin subunit protein, responsible for tissue-specific expression and the first intron of the rice actin gene ( act 1). (bioone.org)
Analysis of the stable transformant plants revealed that 173 nucleotides were sufficient for endosperm-specific expression of the uid A gene, despite 13 nucleotides missing from the HMW enhancer sequence, a relevant regulatory element in the promoter region. (bioone.org)

The recently achieved significant improvement of cereal transformation protocols provides facilities to alter the protein composition of the endosperm, for example, to increase or decrease the quantity of one of its protein components or to express foreign molecules. (bioone.org)
Instead of minimal-nutrient potatoes and white rice, serve energy- and protein-packed white beans. (thenibble.com)
Weight loss clinical studies in Japan have showed that by providing rice protein as a staple in a diet, that it can be used as a weight control vehicle especially, because of the superior absorption rates. (natures-source.com)
When you eat rice, the protein and carbohydrate content are released slowly over time, so your pet will get enough nutrition without having to eat every single bite. (blinddogs.net)
If you feed your dog rice instead of meat, it means that you'll be giving him a lot more protein than he gets from meat. (blinddogs.net)

As of 2018, breeders at the Philippine Rice Research Institute, the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, and the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research were developing golden rice versions of existing rice varieties used with their local farmers, retaining the same yield, pest resistance, and grain qualities. (wikipedia.org)

They offer superior nutrition benefits, including higher dietary fibre and antioxidant activity, compared to refined grain foods (such as white flour and rice). (weightwatchers.com)

As the most widely consumed grain worldwide, rice serves as a staple food for a large part of the world. (drfuhrman.com)
Rice is the staple food of 65% of the total population of India. (india9.com)
Rice is a type of cereal grain that is often used as a staple food in Asia, and is now widely grown around the world. (blinddogs.net)

If the question playing on your mind is brown rice healthier than white rice? (zomgcandy.com)
White Rice vs. Brown Rice: Which One Is Healthier? (today.com)

For example, if sake was like wine it would be categorized by type of rice, in the way wine is categorized by type of grape - cabernet, zinfandel, pinot, etc. (101cookbooks.com)
Remaining 800g or less can be any type of rice. (who.int)

For caterers that do not use pre-mixed wholegrain rice, for every 1kg of rice, at least 200g must be wholegrain rice. (who.int)

We've created a quick guide to the part of a rice kernel. (riceland.com)
Hull - The fibrous indigestible shell of the rice kernel. (riceland.com)
It makes up about 8% of the weight of a paddy rice kernel. (riceland.com)
During milling, the germ is removed resulting in an indented shape at one end of the milled rice kernel. (riceland.com)
If you were to remove these two parts of the kernel, you would have nothing left but the endosperm (the white part). (blinddogs.net)

However, not all rice is equally healthful. (drfuhrman.com)
Brown rice is the more healthful choice [than white rice]. (today.com)

Black rice (also known as "forbidden rice"), along with purple and red rice, is just like brown rice in that it is an unprocessed grain so it maintains a lot of its nutritious value. (today.com)
This "rice" is a healthy choice for people looking to add some nutritious texture texture to salads or other sides because it holds up well when sauced. (today.com)
White rice may be the least nutritious of the most popular rices but it's incredibly versatile. (today.com)

On 21 July 2021, the Philippines became the first country to officially issue the biosafety permit for commercially propagating vitamin A-infused golden rice. (wikipedia.org)
According to the USDA Food Composition Databases , 1 cup of wild rice contains 0.626 milligrams of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), 1 cup of long-grain, enriched white rice contains 0.147 milligrams of vitamin B6 and 1 cup of long-grain brown rice contains 0.882 milligrams of vitamin B6. (livestrong.com)
One cup of wild rice has 152 micrograms of B9 (folate), 1 cup of long-grain enriched white rice contains 153 micrograms of vitamin B9 and 1 cup of long-grain brown rice has 43 micrograms of vitamin B9. (livestrong.com)
One cup of wild rice has 0.184 milligrams of vitamin B1 (thiamin), 1 cup of long-grain enriched white rice contains 0.528 milligrams of vitamin B1 and 1 cup of long-grain brown rice contains 1.001 milligrams of vitamin B1. (livestrong.com)
One cup of wild rice has 0.419 milligrams of vitamin B2 (riboflavin), 1 cup of long-grain enriched white rice has 0.021 milligrams of vitamin B2 and 1 cup of long-grain brown rice has 0.176 milligrams of vitamin B2. (livestrong.com)
One cup of wild rice contains 10.773 milligrams of vitamin B3 (niacin), 1 cup of long-grain enriched white rice has 2.332 milligrams of vitamin B3 and long-grain brown rice has 12.014 milligrams of vitamin B3. (livestrong.com)
While long-grain brown rice and long-grain, enriched white rice contain no vitamin A, 1 cup of wild rice has 2 micrograms of vitamin A. (livestrong.com)
Vitamin E is found in white, brown and wild rices. (livestrong.com)
Enriched white rice offers more folate (nearly a quarter of the DV) than brown rice, about the same amount of selenium (nearly a quarter of the DV) and significant amounts (yet lower than brown rice) of magnesium, manganese and vitamin B3. (killerinsideme.com)
It also provides more zinc, folic acid and vitamin E than brown rice. (today.com)
One of the most common nutritional deficiencies found in dogs is vitamin D deficiency from consuming large amounts of rice. (blinddogs.net)
This can lead to rickets and osteoarthritis, so if you feed your dog rice regularly, make sure to supplement his diet with vitamin D. (blinddogs.net)

Overall, black rice, which is rich in anthocyanins , showed the highest antioxidant levels of all rice varieties, followed by red and purple, then brown, and lastly white rice. (drfuhrman.com)
Puddings and desserts are the way to go with black rice," chef Frank Proto , director of culinary operations at the Institute of Culinary Education, tells TODAY.com. (today.com)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A constructs have been successfully used for the production of "Golden Rice", a β-carotene producing rice strain. (korea.ac.kr)
Research for development of golden rice began as a Rockefeller Foundation initiative in 1982. (wikipedia.org)
The first field trials of golden rice cultivars were conducted by Louisiana State University Agricultural Center in 2004. (wikipedia.org)
In 2018, Canada and the United States approved golden rice, with Health Canada and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declaring it safe for consumption. (wikipedia.org)
Health Canada declared that golden rice would not affect allergies, and that the nutrient contents were the same as in common rice varieties, except for the intended high levels of provitamin A. In 2019, golden rice was approved for use as human food and animal feed or for processing in the Philippines. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of the permission, golden rice can be grown on a commercial scale in accordance with the terms and conditions specified by the Philippines government. (wikipedia.org)
In April 2023, however, the country's Supreme Court ordered the agriculture department to stop commercial propagation of golden rice in relation to a petition filed by MASIPAG (a group of farmers and scientists), who claimed that golden rice poses risk to the health of consumers and to the environment. (wikipedia.org)
In a 2012 screed, Greenpeace claimed , "If introduced on a large scale, golden rice can exacerbate malnutrition and ultimately undermine food security. (acsh.org)

The white endosperm is mainly carbohydrate. (india9.com)

All rice has a husk on the outside which is indigestible, and is removed by milling the rice. (funtrivia.com)

This is especially relevant since rice has emerged as a model plant species of the group monocots due to its small genome size, availability of large collection of full-length cDNAs (FL-cDNAs) and for the fact that the whole genome of this plant species is completely sequenced. (biomedcentral.com)
The completed rice genome sequence has been used for the characterization of a large number of gene families involved in diverse processes and pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
In rice, studies on miR159 were either based upon genome-wide expression analyses focused upon responses to different nitrogen forms and abiotic stress or upon phenotypic studies of transgenic plants overexpressing its precursor. (biomedcentral.com)

That is because brown rice contains manganese in it, which helps to synthesize excess body fat. (zomgcandy.com)

Brown rice has reasonable amounts of tricin, caffeic, and ferulic acid in them. (zomgcandy.com)

Since brown rice is highly fibrous, it helps to fight the harmful toxins that may be the reason to cause cancer cells. (zomgcandy.com)

or a half cup of cooked rice, cooked pasta, or hot cereal. (kidshealth.org)

The endosperm is the largest part of the cereal grain by size. (livestrong.com)

Brown rice is a good source of natural oils that help in keeping your cholesterol levels regular. (zomgcandy.com)

Previous researches have shown that there are connections and discrepancies for metal absorption, translocation, and accumulation in rice. (intechopen.com)
This chapter compares the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Fe, Zn, Cd, and Pb uptake, mobilization, and accumulation in rice and discusses the progress and strategies for not only increasing Fe/Zn but also decreasing Cd/Zn accumulation in rice. (intechopen.com)

Why is brown rice unhealthy? (killerinsideme.com)

Rice that is high in amylopectin tends to be sticky, while rice that is high in amylose usually is not. (livestrong.com)

Brown rice contains elevated levels of the naturally occurring toxic element, which is present in many foods. (killerinsideme.com)
Thus, brown rice contains much more nutrients than white rice. (zomgcandy.com)

Rice has a major cultural and religious significance in India. (india9.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms32

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes35

Technology, Industry, Agriculture13

Information Science4

Starchy5

Grains23

Wheat10

Oats1

Starch5

Bran layer2

Quinoa1

Carbohydrates5

Transgenic rice1

Germ removed1

Beta-carotene10

Embryo5

Glycemic3

Varieties of r2

Genes2

Antioxidants2

Minerals7

Oryza3

Include brown rice1

Genetically engineered rice1

Vitamins3

Seeds4

Basmati rice1

Proteins1

Types of rice3

Fiber6

Outer3

Promoter2

Protein5

Yield1

White flour1

Staple food3

Healthier2

Type of rice2

Wholegrain1

Kernel5

Healthful2

Nutritious3

Vitamin12

Black rice2

Golden Rice8

Carbohydrate1

Husk1

Genome3

Manganese1

Amounts1

Fibrous1

Pasta1

Cereal grain1

Oils1

Accumulation2

Unhealthy1

Amylopectin1

Brown rice contains2

India1