• Fusion and penetration occur only in acidic early and late endosomal/lysosomal compartments but not at the cell surface, even when the furin and TMPRSS2 cleavages have both occurred. (phys.org)
  • The yeast SM protein Vps45p regulates membrane fusion through the trans-Golgi / late endosomal system, and interacts directly with the syntaxin (Tlg2p) and the v-SNARE (Snc2p) proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
  • The A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150) signaling scaffold regulates AMPAR phosphorylation , channel activity, and endosomal trafficking associated with LTP and LTD. AKAP79/150 is targeted to dendritic spine plasma membranes by an N-terminal polybasic domain that binds phosphoinositide lipids , F-actin , and cadherin cell adhesion molecules . (bvsalud.org)
  • Exosomes are small vesicles that form inside endosomes by the inward budding of endosomal membranes. (eurekalert.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene associates with late endosome membranes as is involved in tubule formation, cholesterol transport, and transport of tetraspanin CD81. (nih.gov)
  • The kit contains 4 Extraction Buffers which enable the sequential isolation of proteins associated with the cytosol, membranes, nucleus, and cytoskeleton from cell lysates or tissues. (qiagen.com)
  • Analysis of this HA gene shows that it is closely related to avian A(H5) viruses in HA clade 2.3.4.4b and lacked amino acid changes that improve recognition of mammalian receptors or fusion of the viral membrane with the host endosomal membranes. (cdc.gov)
  • However, there are challenges in translating peptides into therapeutics able to inhibit a target inside cells, in particular peptides often get trapped inside endosomes and unable to reach the cytosol where protein targets are located. (cipps.org.au)
  • In the absence of neurons, the major myelin membrane protein, the proteolipid protein (PLP), is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) by a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway that requires actin and the RhoA guanosine triphosphatase. (rupress.org)
  • Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) regulates neurotransmitter receptor recycling from endosomes. (ozgene.com)
  • Poly-histidine peptides such as H6 (HHHHHH) are used in protein biotechnologies as purification tags, pro- tein-assembling agents and endosomal-escape entities. (upc.edu)
  • The pleiotropic properties of such peptides make them appealing to design protein-based smart materials or nanoparticles for imaging or drug delivery to be produced in form of re- combinant proteins. (upc.edu)
  • In this study, we have explored several humanized histidine-rich peptides in tumor-targeted modular proteins, which can specifically bind and be internalized by the target cells through the tumoral marker CXCR4. (upc.edu)
  • Many cell-targeting peptides or protein domains can promote cell uptake when included in these nanoparticles through receptor-mediated endocytosis . (uab.cat)
  • Peptides and small proteins have essential physiological roles including metabolism (insulin), sleep (orexin), and stress (corticotropin-releasing hormone). (harvard.edu)
  • AD is pathologically characterized by the deposition of pathogenic Aβ peptides that are derived from larger integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, her work has elucidated fundamental concepts of endosome and lysosome biogenesis, of which the most recent finding is a novel pathway for the delivery of lysosomal membrane proteins to the lysosomes. (umcutrecht.nl)
  • Palmitoylation of A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 regulates dendritic endosomal targeting and synaptic plasticity mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, we found that PARK9 regulates exosome biogenesis through functional interaction with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery. (nih.gov)
  • A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, these experiments revealed that Vapyrin-bodies have an endosomal identity with trans-Golgi features, and that VAPYRIN interacts with a symbiotic R-SNARE of the VAMP721 family, that localizes to the same compartment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protein-based nanocarriers are versatile and biocompatible drug delivery systems. (uab.cat)
  • In addition, based on the increasing catalogue of peptide domains tailored to face this challenge as components of protein nanocarriers, we emphasize how their particular mechanisms of action can potentially alter the functionality of accompanying protein materials, especially in terms of targeting and specificity in the delivery process. (uab.cat)
  • Anti-PEG antibodies enriched in the protein corona of PEGylated nanocarriers impact the cell uptake. (mpg.de)
  • Nanocarriers Made of Proteins: Intracellular Visualization of a Smart Biodegradable Drug Delivery System. (mpg.de)
  • Oxysterol-binding protein related-proteins (ORPs) 5 and 8 regulate calcium signaling at specific cell compartments. (nih.gov)
  • By sequential addition of different extraction buffers to a cell pellet, proteins in the different cellular compartments can be selectively isolated. (qiagen.com)
  • The inefficient delivery of proteins into mammalian cells remains a major barrier to realizing the therapeutic potential of many proteins. (harvard.edu)
  • Here, we show that APP can coimmunoprecipitate NEEP21 from nontransgenic mouse brain and from mammalian cells stably coexpressing both proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • The ZFYVE16 gene encodes endofin, an endosomal protein implicated in regulating membrane trafficking. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) family, a group of intracellular lipid receptors that play a key role in the maintenance of cholesterol balance in the body. (nih.gov)
  • ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. (springer.com)
  • The neuraminidase (NA) gene encodes the other surface protein of the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 1: Serum mitogen-induced phosphorylation of PI3KC2-β induces complex formation with 14-3-3 proteins. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 5: mTORC2 signalling triggers PKN2 activation to control PI3KC2-β phosphorylation and sequestration with 14-3-3 proteins. (nature.com)
  • The canonical TGFβ signalling pathway involves ligand-dependent assembly of a heteromeric receptor complex, receptor-kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of SMAD proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that consequently accumulate in the nucleus. (nature.com)
  • Protein levels, phosphorylation states, and binding ratios in brain lysates from knock-in mice and wild-type littermates were assayed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot. (ozgene.com)
  • Purification of APP-AT protein complexes and identification of the constituents by mass spectrometry revealed several previously reported APP-interacting proteins as well as proteins involved in synaptic maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
  • Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Controls the Expression of the Transcriptional Activator Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 4 (NPAS4) and Synaptic GABA Release. (uclouvain.be)
  • While endosomal regulation of Drosophila hematopoiesis is reported, the role of endosomal proteins in cellular and humoral immunity is not well-studied. (nih.gov)
  • However, we do not understand how regulation of AKAP targeting controls AMPAR endosomal trafficking. (bvsalud.org)
  • Constam, D. B. & Robertson, E. J. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein activity by pro domains and proprotein convertases. (nature.com)
  • SNARE proteins are subject to multiple levels of regulation, one of which is imbedded in the syntaxin (Qa-SNARE) molecule. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The protein is believed to play an important role in the regulation of vesicular trafficking with the cell. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, expression of an active Arf6 mutant (Q67L), which traps internalized pre-sorting endosomal cargo in phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate enriched vacuoles, prevents this coalescence. (nebraska.edu)
  • Mus musculus VPS35 endosomal protein sorting factor like (Vps35l), mRNA. (genscript.com)
  • Endosomal sorting results in a selective separation of the protein corona from nanoparticles. (mpg.de)
  • Double-sided ubiquitin binding of Hrs-UIM in endosomal protein sorting. (expasy.org)
  • However, PLGA NPs are taken up by cells via endocytosis and are typically trafficked into lysosomes, while many therapeutic proteins and enzymes should reach the cellular cytosol to perform their activity. (unipi.it)
  • The team found that CD9 and CD82 boosted the release of exosomes containing beta-catenin, thereby reducing cellular levels of the protein and inhibiting the Wnt pathway. (eurekalert.org)
  • The first part of the video shown here follows a virus engineered to sprout SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (labeled pink) as it is captured at a cell surface and engulfed by a cellular compartment called an endosome. (phys.org)
  • CLIP enabled us to disentangle the principles driving the condensation of TDP-43 on cellular RNAs, which showed that the IDR selectively fine-tunes the RNA binding properties and functions of the protein (Hallegger et al. (canal-u.tv)
  • Neurons are cells with a complex morphology, which maintain their cellular structure through the compartmentalized expression of proteins essential for growth and plasticity. (canal-u.tv)
  • The human cellular prion protein (PrP C ) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane glycoprotein with two N-glycosylation sites at residues 181 and 197. (mdpi.com)
  • Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
  • Dendritic protein co-localization, AMPA receptor surface expression, synapse density, and glutamatergic synapse activity in primary cortical cultures from knock-in and wild-type littermates were assayed using immunocytochemistry and whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. (ozgene.com)
  • Therapeutic proteins and enzymes are a group of interesting candidates for the treatment of numerous diseases, but they often require a carrier to avoid degradation and rapid clearance in vivo. (unipi.it)
  • Here, we designed a CLEAs-based system implemented with a cationic endosomal escape agent (poly(ethylene imine), PEI) to extend the use of CLEA NPs also to cytosolic enzymes. (unipi.it)
  • The acidic environment allows enzymes in the endosome or on the cell surface-including TMPRSS2, a key enabler of SARS-CoV-2 infection-to cut the spike protein and facilitate membrane fusion, the team found. (phys.org)
  • Aβ is liberated from type I integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs), by the concerted action of β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase (for review, see Selkoe, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • We report here that BTA-EG 4 decreases Aβ levels, alters cell surface expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and improves memory in wild-type mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Overexpression of wild-type human amyloid precursor protein alters GABAergic transmission. (uclouvain.be)
  • This resembles the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in Alzheimer disease (AD), which can be physiologically processed by α-, β-, and γ-secretases. (mdpi.com)
  • The mutation also results in increased endosomal recycling protein cluster density (VPS35-FAM21 co-clusters and Rab11 clusters), glutamate transmission, and GluA1 surface expression. (ozgene.com)
  • Thus, entrapment into endo-lysosomes is a main bottleneck in the efficacy of protein-drug nanomedicines. (uab.cat)
  • Members of the benzothiazole aniline (BTA) family of compounds are characterized as a class of small molecules that have shown great promise in preventing Aβ-protein interactions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Intracellular establishment of AM fungi requires the VAPYRIN protein which is induced in colonized cells, and which localizes to numerous small mobile structures of unknown identity (Vapyrin-bodies). (frontiersin.org)
  • The addition of an affinity tag allowed us to avoid the use of antibodies targeted toward the intracellular C-terminal tail of APP, a region to which a number of reported interacting proteins bind ( King and Turner, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The Calcium-Sensing Receptor, a Class C GPCR, Spatially-Directs G-protein Selectivity via Endosomal Signaling. (ulster.ac.uk)
  • Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 (ORP5) promotes cell proliferation by activation of mTORC1 signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Overexpressing CD82 or CD9, members of the tetraspanin family of transmembrane proteins, suppressed Wnt signaling and reduced beta-catenin protein levels. (eurekalert.org)
  • 2021). I'll also discuss how insights into the specificity of RBP condensation open new doors for understanding of protein-RNA complexes as mediators of signalling, disease and evolution. (canal-u.tv)
  • The HA protein mediates virus binding to sialic acid (SA)-containing host cell surface molecules and promotes the release of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes through membrane fusion. (cdc.gov)
  • We were particularly interested in exploring how protein purification, self-assembling and endosomal escape perform in proteins containing the variant histidine-rich tags. (upc.edu)
  • We show that the ubiquitous trafficking protein ADP Ribosylation Factor 1 (ARF1) and the hemocyte-specific endosomal regulator Asrij differentially regulate humoral immunity. (nih.gov)
  • The Sec1p / Munc18 (SM) family are a conserved group of proteins that regulate membrane fusion through interactions with their cognate syntaxins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In an attempt to understand the function of APP, in vitro studies have focused on the identification of interacting proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Finally, I have developed an in vitro fusion assay to enable us to dissect the functional significance of the various interactions that Vps45p displays with its cognate SNARE proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 did not induce cell syncytia in vitro and favoured a TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping to distinct regions of the spike protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Researchers reveal a new way in which cells restrain beta-catenin and potentially suppress tumor metastasis: the protein can be ejected from cells in small vesicles called exosomes. (eurekalert.org)
  • We demonstrate that protein kinase N (PKN) facilitates mTORC1 signalling by repressing PI3KC2-β-mediated phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate synthesis downstream of mTORC2. (nature.com)
  • A 150 kDa protein serine-threonine kinase that is found as a regulatory subunit of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. (bvsalud.org)
  • Entry starts with membrane attachment and ends with S protein-catalyzed membrane fusion releasing the viral contents into the cytosol. (phys.org)
  • Promoting endosomal escape and preventing lysosomal degradation would make this therapeutic approach clinically plausible. (uab.cat)
  • In this review, we discuss the mechanisms intended to evade lysosomal degradation of proteins, with the most relevant examples and associated strategies, and the methods available to measure that effect. (uab.cat)
  • To investigate the APP in vivo interactome in an unbiased manner, we generated mice that harbor a mouse prion protein promoter-driven cDNA encoding human APP-695 fused to a C-terminal affinity tag. (jneurosci.org)
  • Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFYVE16 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • A new methodology combining QCM-D and proteomic profiling enables characterization of protein adsorption on 2D surfaces. (mpg.de)
  • Regardless of the type or the physiological or pathological state of the originating cell, exosomes share common features as enriched with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Formulation of unifying hypotheses describing how SM proteins function has been problematic, primarily due to the multiple modes of interaction that have been characterised for different members of this family binding to their cognate SNARE proteins. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In addition to investigating the functional significance of Vps45p's interaction(s) with Tlg2p, I have also investigated binding of the SM protein to the v-SNARE Snc2p. (gla.ac.uk)
  • As an important tool for the quantitative analysis of confocal microscopic data sets from co-expression of fluorescent proteins, we developed a semi-automated image analysis pipeline that allows for precise spatio-temporal quantification of protein co-localization and of the dynamics of organelle association from movies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Localization of proteins in cells under different growth conditions. (qiagen.com)
  • SNARE proteins are essential components of the machinery that facilitates membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The short-term protein trafficking inhibition and long-term effect on plant growth and survival caused by TE1 were fully reversible upon drug washout. (portlandpress.com)
  • However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)
  • The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)
  • Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
  • First, we co-expressed fluorescently tagged VAPYRIN with a range of subcellular marker proteins, and secondly, we employed biochemical tools to identify interacting partner proteins of VAPYRIN. (frontiersin.org)
  • Impaired cell fusion was determined by the receptor-binding domain, while endosomal entry mapped to the S2 domain. (cdc.gov)
  • Among the tested candidates, the peptide H5E (HEHEHEHEH) is promising as a good promoter of endosomal escape of the associated full- length protein upon endosomal internalization. (upc.edu)
  • The numer- ical modelling of cell penetration and endosomal escape of the tested proteins has revealed a negative relationship between the amount of protein internalized into target cells and the efficiency of cytoplasmic release. (upc.edu)
  • This fact demonstrates that the His-mediated, proton sponge-based endosomal escape saturates at moderate amounts of internalized protein, a fact that might be critical for the design of protein materials for cytosolic molecular delivery. (upc.edu)
  • Nanobiotechnology: "Endosomal escape for cell-targeted proteins. (uab.cat)
  • Endosomal escape for cell-targeted proteins. (uab.cat)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Endosomal escape for cell-targeted proteins. (uab.cat)
  • We demonstrated that our system can deliver protein payloads at cytoplasm level by two different mechanisms: Endosomal escape and direct translocation. (unipi.it)
  • These sequences represent the protein coding region of the Vps35l cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
  • To understand how these mutations act, we developed crosslinking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) to obtain transcriptome-wide maps of in vivo protein-RNA interactions. (canal-u.tv)
  • Here we demonstrate a functional role for endosomal proteins in immune homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • Our study highlights the role of endosomal proteins in modulating the immune response by maintaining the balance of AMP production. (nih.gov)
  • Recently, the RNA polymerase (PB2) protein has also been recognized as a critical factor in host range restriction, while the nonstructural (NS1) protein affects the initial host immune responses. (cdc.gov)