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ChloroplastsEndoplasmic ReticulumDNA, ChloroplastEndoplasmic Reticulum StressChloroplast ProteinsGenome, ChloroplastEndoplasmic Reticulum, RoughRNA, ChloroplastSarcoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum, SmoothGolgi ApparatusMolecular Sequence DataIntracellular MembranesProtein TransportMembrane ProteinsAmino Acid SequencePlantsUnfolded Protein ResponsePlant ProteinsGenes, ChloroplastMolecular ChaperonesEuglena gracilisSarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPasesArabidopsisTunicamycinPeasCalcium-Transporting ATPasesCalnexinTranscription Factor CHOPCalciumPhotosynthesisPlastidsMicroscopy, ElectronSpinacia oleraceaCalreticulinChlamydomonas reinhardtiiBiological TransportThylakoidsChlorophyllChloroplast Proton-Translocating ATPasesThapsigarginProtein FoldingBase SequenceMutationArabidopsis ProteinsProtein Sorting SignalsBrefeldin AMicrosomesPlant LeavesProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalHeat-Shock ProteinsCell MembraneActivating Transcription Factor 6GlycosylationCell LineChloroplast ThioredoxinsLightCaspase 12TobaccoSubcellular FractionsRibulose-Bisphosphate CarboxylaseChlamydomonasCOP-Coated VesiclesCytosolSequence Homology, Amino AcidProtein Disulfide-IsomerasesChlorophytaMitochondriaStress, PhysiologicalRecombinant Fusion ProteinsKineticsCell FractionationPlants, Genetically ModifiedProtein PrecursorsPlants, MedicinalProtein BindingProtein BiosynthesisGenes, PlantGene Expression Regulation, PlantFabaceaeProtein Structure, TertiaryPhotosynthetic Reaction Center Complex ProteinsPhotophosphorylationCell CompartmentationCalcium SignalingPhotosystem II Protein ComplexCloning, MolecularCytoplasmGalactolipidsModels, BiologicalCalcium-Binding ProteinsEuglenaMicroscopy, FluorescenceSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAdenosine TriphosphateOrganellesRNA, MessengerCOS CellsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsAlgal Proteins

NucleusGolgi ApparatusLysosomesCytoplasmMitochondria and chloroplastsPlastidsPhotosynthesisVacuoleRoughProteinsProteinChlorophyllVesiclesProkaryoticCentriolesBiosynthesisCytoplasmicThylakoidsStarchEndosymbioticImportant organellesThylakoidCellsLack externalGreenSites

Nucleus7

• The nucleus stores chromatin (DNA plus proteins) in a gel-like substance called the nucleoplasm.The nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.The boundary of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope.It consists of two phospholipid bilayers: an outer membrane and an inner membrane.The nuclear membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.Nuclear pores allow substances to enter and exit the nucleus. (coursehero.com)
• Within the cytoplasm, the major organelles and cellular structures include: (1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough endoplasmic reticulum (6) Golgi apparatus (7) cytoskeleton (8) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (9) mitochondria (10) vacuole (11) cytosol (12) lysosome (13) centriole. (farinelliandthekingbroadway.com)
• A eukaryotic cell contains membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum . (edu.vn)
• Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, have their own genome (genetic material) separate from that found in the nucleus of the cell. (which.wiki)
• Core organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and several others. (which.wiki)
• The nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and plastids are all organelles bound by a double lipid bilayer in a eukaryotic cell. (researchtweet.com)
• The nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplast are just a few of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells (plastids). (researchtweet.com)

Golgi Apparatus2

• The endoplasmic reticulum modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids, while the golgi apparatus is where the sorting, tagging, packaging, and distribution of lipids and proteins takes place. (coursehero.com)
• The Golgi Apparatus sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. (protopage.com)

Lysosomes1

• Lysosomes also manufacture the endoplasmic reticulum. (protopage.com)

Cytoplasm1

• Ones found freely in cytoplasm or as part of the Rough endopl-asmic reticulum in Eukaryotic cells. (cheatography.com)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts2

• Since the start codon of the genetic code codes for the amino acid methionine, most protein sequences start with a methionine (or, in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, the modified version N-formylmethionine, fMet). (wikipedia.org)
• In plant cells, ATP is produced in the cristae of mitochondria and chloroplasts. (enchantedlearning.com)

Plastids4

• Plant cells have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and other specialized plastids, whereas animal cells do not. (coursehero.com)
• Fan J, Zhai Z, Yan C, Xu C (2015) Arabidopsis TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL5 Interacts with TGD1, TGD2, and TGD4 to Facilitate Lipid Transfer from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Plastids. (bnl.gov)
• While most people know plants cells contain chloroplasts, they may not realize there are other types of plastids in cells. (sciencenotes.org)
• Plants have eukaryotic cells with large central vacuoles, cell walls containing cellulose, and plastids such as chloroplasts and chromoplasts . (edu.vn)

Photosynthesis6

• Plant cells also include chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. (farinelliandthekingbroadway.com)
• Chloroplasts are lima bean shaped organelles that assist with photosynthesis. (protopage.com)
• Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are responsible for photosynthesis. (naxlex.com)
• Photosynthesis (in which energy from sunlight is converted into chemical energy - food) takes place in the chloroplasts. (enchantedlearning.com)
• A chloroplasts is a type of plastid that performs photosynthesis, the process that allows plants to convert sunlight into energy. (sciencenotes.org)
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis. (sciencenotes.org)

Vacuole1

• Distinguishing characteristics of a plant cell are its cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole. (sciencenotes.org)

Rough1

• In eukaryotic cells, these proteins are synthesized at the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)

Proteins4

• In chloroplasts, signal peptides target proteins to the thylakoids. (wikipedia.org)
• I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
• DJC31 and DJC62 are two J-proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and have previously been described to be located inside the chloroplast. (uni-muenchen.de)
• The endoplasmic reticulum translates proteins and transports items throughout the cell. (protopage.com)

Protein2

• The N-terminal chloroplast targeting peptide (cpTP) allows for the protein to be imported into the chloroplast. (wikipedia.org)
• The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. (naxlex.com)

Chlorophyll2

• Thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. (enchantedlearning.com)
• Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures light energy. (sciencenotes.org)

Vesicles1

• Available evidence suggests that morphogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum of Nitella and the lamellar system of the Zea chloroplasts involves fusion of small spherical vesicles to yield closed double membrane structures, which subsequently undergo further differentiation. (rupress.org)

Prokaryotic2

• Choice C is incorrect because chloroplasts are not present in prokaryotic cells. (naxlex.com)
• Choice D is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not present in prokaryotic cells. (naxlex.com)

Centrioles1

• The red algae form a distinct group characterized by having eukaryotic cells without flagella and centrioles , chloroplasts that lack external endoplasmic reticulum and contain unstacked (stroma) thylakoids , and use phycobiliproteins as accessory pigments , which give them their red color. (wikipedia.org)

Biosynthesis2

• Yu L, Fan J, Zhou C, Xu C (2020) Chloroplast lipid biosynthesis is fine-tuned to thylakoid membrane remodeling during light acclimation. (bnl.gov)
• The biosynthesis of lipids is performed at the Chloroplast and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) compartments. (biomedcentral.com)

Cytoplasmic1

• Xu C, Fan J, Shanklin J (2020) Metabolic and functional connections between cytoplasmic and chloroplast triacylglycerol storage. (bnl.gov)

Thylakoids1

• Thylakoids occur in the chloroplast. (vedantu.com)

Starch1

• Chloroplasts in plant cells use energy from sunlight to make starch. (virkozkalvi.com)

Endosymbiotic1

• Chloroplasts probably evolved following an endosymbiotic event between an ancestral, photosynthetic cyanobacterium and an early eukaryotic phagotroph . (wikipedia.org)

Important organelles1

• Chloroplasts are extremely important organelles, and the more a cell has, the healthier and more efficient the plant is. (protopage.com)

Thylakoid1

• A stack of thylakoid disks within the chloroplast is called a granum. (enchantedlearning.com)

Cells3

• This video explains why chloroplasts are present only in plant cells. (topperlearning.com)
• Part of the chloroplasts in plant cells, located within the inner membrane of chloroplasts, between the grana. (enchantedlearning.com)
• 4. Only plant cells have chloroplasts. (virkozkalvi.com)

Lack external1

• Their chloroplasts lack external endoplasmic reticulum. (agcommercialloan.com)

Green1

• Chloroplasts are what give plants their green color. (protopage.com)

Sites1

• One hypothesis is that tubulation is a result of pulling force from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exerted at membrane contact sites (MCSs). (uoguelph.ca)