We study mechanism design under endogenously incomplete commitment as it arises in contracting with escape clauses. (hhs.se)
The first effect, which we call the underdog-handicap effect, arises because the receiver is endogenously biased toward choosing the ex ante stronger sender. (ntu.edu.sg)
The second effect, which we call the good-news curse, arises because a sender's favorable signal realization implies that the rival is more likely to generate a strong competing signal realization. (ntu.edu.sg)
This paper offers a model where such a slicing of claims into a stack of several debt like contracts arises endogenously as a value maximizing arrangement. (lse.ac.uk)
Molecules2
3 When the reaction occurs in living organisms, these adducts can generate cross-links between key molecules, leading to their structural modifications and functional impairments. (rsc.org)
There is increasing evidence that aldehydic molecules generated endogenously during the process of lipid peroidation are causally involved in most of the pathophysiological effects associated with oxidative stress in cells and tissues. (nih.gov)
Lipid1
TRPA1 channels are endogenously activated by lipid peroxide metabolites generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). (bvsalud.org)
Exogenous1
In addition to those endogenously formed, AGEs can be also introduced from exogenous sources, acting as mediators to induce pathophysiological events of diabetic retinopathy. (rsc.org)
Arise2
These risk premiums arise endogenously from the no-arbitrage condition relating the term structure of interest rates and exchange rates. (repec.org)
We then show how different levels of financial development may endogenously arise in a setting in which financial constraints depend on individual incentives to misbehave, these incentives depend on how many jobs are available, and this in turn depends on the level of financial development. (unu.edu)
Dynamics3
Second, it examines an alternative growth model, which is consistent with endogenously determined initial conditions and also generates dynamics that are in accord with the historical patterns of growth rates, capital flows, savings rates and labor supply. (ssrn.com)
By means of dynamic optimization in the contest of firms covered by such environmental regulations, this article generates endogenously the price dynamics of emission permits under asymmetric information, allowing inter-temporal banking and borrowing. (lse.ac.uk)
The nature of endogenously generated group dynamics determines the type of preferences (altruistic or exclusionist), which in turn determines the type of allocative institutions and policies that prevail in the political and economic system. (unu.edu)
Pathway1
For the human body to generate NO through the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, the reduction of nitrate to nitrite occurs in the mouth by the oral microbiome. (wikipedia.org)
Determines1
This microeconomic structure endogenously determines the extent of the traded sector and the composition of consumption baskets in both countries. (repec.org)
Contracts1
History-dependent wage contracts generate a form of labor-induced operating leverage, thus leading to heterogeneity in firms' risk exposures. (umn.edu)
Signals1
These results support the concept that anti-Fc antibody and T cells block endogenously generated negative Fc signals. (umn.edu)
Predicts1
Medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortical thickness predicts shared individual differences in self-generated thought and temporal discounting. (mpg.de)
Form3
I quantify spillovers of attention in a network of content pages, which is challenging, because such networks form endogenously. (zew.de)
C lassical expositions of historical materialism have presented the process of transition from one social form to another as endogenously generated. (newleftreview.org)
Nitrate anion can also form endogenously. (cdc.gov)
Firms1
Our model generates deviations from purchasing power parity that would not exist absent our microeconomic structure with heterogeneous firms. (repec.org)
Cells7
Mast cells express ETRs and can thereby be degranulated by ET-1, and mast cell proteases chymase and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) are known to either generate or degrade ET-1, respectively, suggesting a role for mast cell proteases in the regulation of ET-1-induced itch. (iasp-pain.org)
We sought to identify an altered peptide ligand (APL) based on the endogenously expressed synovial auto-epitope of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC gp-39) for modulation of cognate, HLA-DR4-restricted T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Membranes of rat INS-1E cells that express GPR40 endogenously provided similar observations. (aspetjournals.org)
Using robust endogenously driven BMP and TGFβ reporter cells (Rojas-Fernandez et al, 2015) that we have generated using CRISPR/Cas9, we have undertaken a chemical screen using highly potent and selective kinase inhibitors. (dundee.ac.uk)
The optical biosensor technology used in Epic is sensitive enough to detect endogenously mediated responses in all cell types including primary and stem cells. (atcc.org)
the nature of that host, the timing and circumstances of the partnership, and its role in generating the conspicuous complexity of eukaryotic cells all remain elusive and entangled in controversy. (asmblog.org)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
Predictions2
Risk premiums implied by our global affine model generate unbiased predictions for currency excess returns and are closely related to global risk aversion, the business cycle, and traditional exchange rate fundamentals. (repec.org)
It generates testable, counterintuitive, empirical predictions and facilitates normative analysis. (uchicago.edu)
Typically2
Previously thought of only as a highly toxic gas, CO is now known to be generated endogenously by the action of heme oxygenase, typically expressed in neurons that often also express NOS and VIP 8 . (ersjournals.com)
That tribe now includes anaerobic mitochondria (whose respiratory chain terminates in an endogenously-produced electron acceptor such as fumarate), a variety of hydrogenosomes (energy-generating organelles that lack respiratory chains, produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation, and typically generate hydrogen gas as a by-product), and mitosomes (highly reduced, membrane-bound compartments that have no role in energy transduction). (asmblog.org)
Model1
Differently from KM, I assume that prices and wages are sticky and show that this feature of the model is key for the financial shock to generate procyclical movements in labor inputs, consumption and investment. (federalreserve.gov)
Role2
The presence of endogenously- and/or exogenously-applied auxin plays a pivotal role in triggering Stage IA, which is both auxin- and pH-dependent. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Managers' private quest for resource control separates these interests and endogenously creates a role for public markets as a provider of discipline. (umn.edu)
Oxygen2
In the corresponding studies, treatment of plants with artificially generated NO was shown to protect herb tissues against the oxidative damage triggered by Cd2+ by promoting the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly through chemical processes or indirectly via the activation of ROS-scavenging enzymes (Kopyra et al. (groundwater-2011.net)
Most eukaryotes live by mitochondrial respiration with oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor, and generate the bulk of their ATP by a chemiosmotic proton circulation coupled to an ATP synthase. (asmblog.org)
Public1
Is the sequence data in the ATCC Genetic Alteration Panels generated in-house, or is it acquired from public databases and research articles? (atcc.org)
Cell2
ET-1 is released endogenously by several cell-types found in the skin, including macrophages and keratinocytes. (iasp-pain.org)
For this purpose we employed a panel of well-characterized T cell hybridomas generated from HC gp-39-immunized HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Negative2
Obstruction results from high negative pressure generated by the inspiratory effort and failure of the dilating upper airway muscles to maintain airway patency. (medscape.com)
The eluent from the column is ionized using an electrospray interface to generate and transmit negative ions into the mass spectrometer. (cdc.gov)
Present1
Since government tax takes can vary widely between different fiscal regimes, between different countries, between different price levels, and between different assumed capital costs, BUEGO individually generates the tax take of each country for each project, at each price iteration, in each year, when calculating the net present value of a given project. (ucl.ac.uk)
Price1
A yearly average oil price is generated endogenously that is taken to be the minimum oil price necessary to bring on the marginal project to meet global demand in a given year. (ucl.ac.uk)
Conditions3
Wanting for extrinsic props, they must generate endogenously their own "conditions of stability and adaptation. (harvardlawreview.org)
Such complementarity between labour market and financial market development may generate highly divergent development paths even for countries with very similar initial conditions. (unu.edu)
We consider an extension with production in which asset quality is endogenously determined and provide conditions under which sentiments are a necessary feature of any equilibrium. (aeaweb.org)
Exist1
Functional abortive RNAs have not, however, been identified to exist endogenously in more complex biological systems such as bacteria. (confex.com)
Evidence1
Kummer, Michael (2014), Spillovers in Networks of User Generated Content: Pseudo-Experimental Evidence on Wikipedia , ZEW Discussion Paper No. 14-132, Mannheim. (zew.de)
Effects3
1989. Furnace-generated acid aerosols: Speculation and pulmonary effects. (cdc.gov)
The information externality-the news disclosed by one sender contains information about the other sender's proposal-generates two effects on the incentives for information disclosure. (ntu.edu.sg)
This result is due to the long-run non-neutrality of money and the hysteresis effects in TFP through which ELB episodes generate permanent scars on long-run aggregate supply. (europa.eu)
Human1
We generated a set of sgRNAs targeting multiple sites within the human EMX1 and PVALB loci with different tracrRNA 3′ truncations ( Fig. 1a ). (cdc.gov)
Search2
Abortive RNAs generated from 3,780 transcriptional units (obtained from RegulonDB) were used as query sequences within their respective transcription units to search for possible binding sites. (confex.com)
This search generated 12 570 unique articles 177 of which met inclusion criteria. (cdc.gov)
Signal2
This limitation stems from the fact that the uniform illumination used to switch to the ON state and to read-out the rsFP causes unnecessary switching and generates signal from out-of-focus planes of the specimen, which hampers the image contrast in 3D samples. (nature.com)
Furthermore, even the signal generated by adjacent emitting spots in the focal plane is severely affected by crosstalk, especially in a highly parallelized implementation. (nature.com)
Natural2
Thereby, TAILS allows simultaneous identification of the natural N termini, protease-generated neo-N termini, and endogenously modified (e. (academic-accelerator.com)
crRNA and tracrRNA duplexes can also be fused to generate a chimeric sgRNA 12 that mimics the natural crRNA-tracrRNA hybrid. (cdc.gov)
Investment1
In this framework, total factor productivity evolves endogenously as a consequence of costly investment in R&D and adoption of new technologies. (europa.eu)