Endogenous circadian rhythm signaling peptides and proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by the brain's dominant circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. (ljmu.ac.uk)
The internal system that maintains circadian rhythms can be formally represented by three different components: namely, an input pathway, the pacemaker itself, and an output pathway ( Dunlap, 1999 ). (bioone.org)
The SCN assumes the role as the central pacemaker, and through a series of genetic feedback loops and highly coordinated neuronal innervation, endogenous timekeeping activity arises, giving way to the production of circadian rhythm. (frontiersin.org)
A set of core genes constitutes this transcriptional pathway that forms the identity of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. (frontiersin.org)
Here we extend evidence in AS model mice ( Ube3a m -/ p + ) of paternal UBE3A expression within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker. (nature.com)
Another critical function that is regulated by the circadian pacemaker is the discharge of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation. (umass.edu)

These results suggest that 20-hydroxyecdysone is not a timing signal submitted by the circadian clock but an indicator to suppress premature eclosion. (bioone.org)

These participate in transcriptional/translational feedback loops and many homologous clock-components in the fruit fly Drosophila are also expressed in mammalian clock tissues with circadian rhythms. (bioone.org)
Mammalian circadian rhythms can be observed from the genetic level to the tissue level, and even to the macroscopic level, affecting behavior, biochemical and physiological processes. (frontiersin.org)
We previously observed persistent expression of UBE3A in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, the master circadian regulatory region in the mammalian brain, of AS model mice 15 , thus identifying a novel site for relaxation of maternal expression bias of Ube3a in the adult brain. (nature.com)
The research in my laboratory is focused on the neurobiology of mammalian biological rhythms. (kent.edu)
In this thesis we found that mammalian small heat shock proteins are targeted to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. (uantwerpen.be)
While small heat shock proteins of plants are targeted to virtually every membrane-enclosed compartment, this is the first example of mammalian small heat shock proteins to have an organelle-localization. (uantwerpen.be)

Neurodegenerative disorders have been shown to exhibit substantial interconnectedness with circadian rhythmicity. (johnshopkins.edu)
The cellular stress and subsequent DNA damage signaling imposed by hyperactivity of these multiple molecular systems in addition to aberrant circadian rhythmicity lead to extensive protein aggregation such as α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (α-Syn PFFs), suggesting a specific molecular pathway linking circadian rhythmicity, PARP1/E3 ligase activity, and Parkinson's disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
The CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer activates the transcription of Per/Cry genes, and the production and resulting phosphorylation of PER/CRY inhibit the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer, reducing the transcription of Per/Cry forming the negative feedback loop required to maintain circadian rhythmicity at a basic molecular level. (frontiersin.org)

Both human and bovine ACTH receptors are synthesized as 297 residue long proteins with 81% sequence homology. (wikipedia.org)
ACTH receptors also require the binding of melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein-1 (MRAP1) without which ACTH receptors cannot bind ACTH. (wikipedia.org)
M1, M3, M5 receptors are coupled with G q proteins, while M2 and M4 receptors are coupled with G i/o proteins. (proteopedia.org)
The adrenergic receptors are metabolic G protein-coupled receptors. (proteopedia.org)
Dopamine receptors are a class of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors that are important in the central nervous system. (proteopedia.org)
Mice lacking VPAC2 receptors (Vipr2−/−) express disrupted behavioral and metabolic rhythms and show altered SCN neuronal activity and clock gene expression. (ljmu.ac.uk)
both VPAC2 receptors and rhythmic clock gene/protein expression have been noted in the arcuate (Arc) and dorsomedial (DMH) nuclei of the mediobasal hypothalamus, and in the pituitary gland. (ljmu.ac.uk)
The functional role of VPAC2 receptors in rhythm generation and maintenance in these tissues is, however, unknown. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Ghrelin is one of the peptides involved into GH-release, binding to specific GHS receptors on hypothalamus and pituitary. (nel.edu)
The orexin receptors (orexin 1R and orexin 2R) belong to the Family of G-protein coupled receptors. (researchgate.net)
Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified. (rush.edu)

However, with exposure to constant light, the rhythmic expression of the ACTH receptor and MRAP genes reversed, suggesting ACTH-independent signalling pathways for MRAP and ACTH receptor transcription and expression. (wikipedia.org)
Extensive evidence has revealed that the core clock machinery involves "clock genes" and "clock proteins" functioning as molecular cogs. (bioone.org)
Cells throughout the brain and periphery express core circadian clock genes that engage in feedback loops to insure temporal coordination. (umass.edu)
We use molecular genetics to achieve conditional deletion of critical circadian clock genes in specific neurons of female mice. (umass.edu)
Output from the circadian clock is transduced through regulating transcription of downstream genes directly by the oscillator components. (go.jp)
Previous studies in zebrafish and rainbow trout have shown that circadian oscillation of clock genes represents one of the earliest detectable rhythms in the develo. (researchgate.net)

Because circadian rhythms play a critical role in determining sleep onset, duration and quality 16 , the possibility has been raised that disruptions in circadian rhythms might underlie the sleep disturbances observed in AS. (nature.com)
These two phenomena are interrelated, since disruptions in circadian functioning are a major cause of many sleep irregularities. (kent.edu)

These data demonstrate that while the main rhythm parameters of extra-SCN circadian oscillations are maintained in Vipr2−/− mice, the ability of these oscillators to resist phase shifts is compromised. (ljmu.ac.uk)
It appears that the mutation affects both cell autonomous circadian oscillators and the brain's master paemaker. (umass.edu)
Recent findings concerning biochemical properties of central oscillators in Arabidopsis thaliana have advanced our understanding of circadian clock function. (go.jp)

2018. Suprachiasmatic function in a circadian period mutant: Duper alters light- induced activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide cells and PERIOD1 immunostaining. (umass.edu)

The core circadian molecular machinery gives rise to endogenous timekeeping activity. (frontiersin.org)

Evidence for its initiation of stress signaling pathways that promote endogenous antioxidant capacity. (oregonstate.edu)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)

Analysis of immunophenotypically defined cell populations markedly increased specificity of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Over 375 differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems). (genengnews.com)
CD74 specifically correlated with early cancer development and was critically positioned in the NFκB signaling pathway. (genengnews.com)
The essential role of the output pathway in the circadian system is to make different elementary steps responsible for daily cellular processes exert maximum effects at specific times of the day. (go.jp)
Collectively, the results indicate that AVP stimulates progesterone production via the cAMP-PKA pathway with upregulation of BMP signaling that inhibits progesterone production, which may lead to fine adjustment of progesterone biosynthesis by granulosa cells. (bvsalud.org)

This research proposes to adapt new approaches based on oral cocaine self-administration delivery regimens to explore for the first time how self-administered cocaine alters the timekeeping functions of the master circadian clock of the SCN. (kent.edu)

The physiological properties of most organisms, from cyanobacteria to human, display a circadian (Latin circa dies , or 'about a day') pattern of activity, which is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. (bioone.org)
The circadian clock allows organisms to anticipate periodic changes in environmental circumstance and to change their physiological status accordingly. (bioone.org)
Endogenous circadian rhythms regulate many aspects of an organism's physiological and morphological growth and development. (go.jp)
One aim of the research is to study how environmental information is integrated by the circadian clock to regulate the timing of daily behavioral, physiological and neuroendocrine rhythms. (kent.edu)
In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, tunes the innate circadian physiological rhythms to the ambient 24 h light-dark cycle to invigorate and optimize the internal temporal order. (dailyrituals.de)

In the third intracellular loop of the receptor a protein kinase A and protein kinase c phosphorylation motifs have been detected. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also play a role in cell signaling, gene expression and protein phosphorylation. (metabolon.es)
Interestingly, orexin A treatment suppressed the BMP-receptor signaling detected by Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation and Id-1 expression through upregulation of inhibitory Smad7. (bvsalud.org)
These neuroendocrine dopamine cells may contribute to the dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion diurnally, as their neuromedin S + inputs originate from neurons expressing Per2 and Per3 and their tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation is regulated in a circadian fashion. (nature.com)

These signals are also relevant to the subsequent activation of homeostatic mechanisms that control the immune response in pro- or anti-inflammatory reactions, a feature that allows modulation by therapeutic treatments. (frontiersin.org)
Nowadays, the immune system is thought to be activated by "danger signals" which are relevant not only to the induction of inflammation and immune responses but also to the activation of counter regulatory (anti-inflammatory/modulatory) mechanisms required to shutdown inflammation and allow tissue healing. (frontiersin.org)
Although numerous studies exist analyzing the mechanisms of neurodegeneration and circadian rhythm function independently, molecular mechanisms establishing specific links between the two must be explored further. (johnshopkins.edu)
Thus, in this review, we explore the possible intersecting molecular mechanisms between circadian rhythm and neurodegeneration, with a particular focus on Parkinson's disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
To garner a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of circadian rhythms on health and neurodegeneration, the underlying fundamental molecular mechanisms and interrelated processes must be explored ( Cox and Takahashi, 2019 ). (frontiersin.org)
To study mechanisms underlying the eclosion gate, we examined eclosion-timing signals from the circadian clock, and the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone in the eclosion gate of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis. (bioone.org)
To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL-88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. (cancerindex.org)
Many aspects regarding the molecular mechanisms of small heat shock proteins, both in health and disease, remain to be unraveled. (uantwerpen.be)

The ghrelin peptide and ghrelin mRNA have been detected in several regions of hypothalamus, in normal pituitary, as well as in various types of pituitary adenoma, with different levels of expression in different tumour types. (nel.edu)
The neural elements of the clock are confined to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus, which offers an anatomically-discrete model for studying integrative processes regulating specific aspects of circadian rhythms. (kent.edu)

Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations whose period in constant conditions is close to 24h. (umass.edu)

hence, loss of the maternal allele largely eliminates neuronal expression of UBE3A protein. (nature.com)
Paternal UBE3A-positive cells in the SCN show partial colocalization with the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and clock proteins (PER2 and BMAL1), supporting that paternal UBE3A expression in the SCN is often of neuronal origin. (nature.com)

Surprisingly, in Vipr2−/− Arc/ME/PT complex (Arc, median eminence and pars tuberalis), DMH and pituitary, the period, amplitude and rate of damping of rhythms were not significantly different to WT. (ljmu.ac.uk)

The hypothalamic and hypophyseal distribution of the receptor suggests an involvement of apelin in the control of neuro- and adenohypophyseal hormone release, whereas its presence in the pineal gland and in discrete higher brain structures points out to possible roles in the regulation of circadian rhythms and of water and food intake behavior. (nih.gov)
While cocaine has strongly disruptive effects on homeostatic daily rhythms in behavior and physiology, the neurophysiological mechanism(s) underlying these pathologicalactions are unknown. (kent.edu)
Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. (rush.edu)

Drosophila's lateral posterior neurons (LPNs) belong to a small group of circadian clock neurons that is so far not characterized in detail. (sdbonline.org)
Both LPN types exhibit manifold connections with the other circadian clock neurons, especially with those that control the flies' morning and evening activity (M- and E-neurons, respectively). (sdbonline.org)
We are working to determine the relative contributions of circadian function in vasopressin, VIP, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons in order to reveal the loci at which the clock controls ovulation. (umass.edu)
Chemogenetics allows us to silence neurons at specific loci and at particular times of day in order to determine when and where circadian signals control neuroendocrine function. (umass.edu)
Central control of circadian phase in arousal-promoting neurons. (umass.edu)

The high diagnostic potential of peptides and proteins from cells, tissues, and biological fluids is unquestionable. (genengnews.com)
LUC) to investigate whether circadian rhythms in the clock gene protein PER2 in these extra-SCN tissues were compromised by the absence of the VPAC2 receptor. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Intriguingly, while we found WT SCN and Arc/ME/PT tissues to maintain a consistent circadian phase when cultured, the phase of corresponding Vipr2−/− cultures was reset by cull/culture procedure. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Further, our data indicate a link between circadian rhythm strength and the ability of tissues to resist circadian phase resetting. (ljmu.ac.uk)

This suggests that there is more protein-related specificity for binding MC2R. (wikipedia.org)
Phase resetting in duper hamsters: Specificity to photic zeitgebers and circadian phase. (umass.edu)

This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)

Living systems on earth are governed by many natural laws, but circadian rhythms play one of the most important roles in sustaining organisms, acting as the biological timekeepers that perpetuate life from mere seconds to the full Gregorian year. (frontiersin.org)
Circadian clocks enable organisms to define subjective time, that is, to anticipate diurnal day and night cycles. (go.jp)

A G protein-coupled receptor located on the external cell plasma membrane, it is coupled to Gαs and upregulates levels of cAMP by activating adenylyl cyclase. (wikipedia.org)
α-MSH and ACTH are both peptides derived from processed POMC, and both activate the other MCR's, but ACTH is the only agonist ligand for MC2R (ACTH receptor). (wikipedia.org)
ACTH levels, ACTH receptor expression, and MRAP1 expression also demonstrate circadian rhythm, with ACTH secretion and MRAP expression highest in the evening, suggesting that MRAP expression is responsible for CORT secretory regulation. (wikipedia.org)
The peptide apelin, recently isolated from bovine stomach tissue extracts, has been identified as an endogenous ligand of the human putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT(1) (APJ). (nih.gov)
Subsequently a stable CHO cell line expressing the receptor fused at its C-terminal part with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was established, allowing to verify its cell surface distribution and to determine the affinity of various apelin and angiotensin fragments on the cloned receptor. (nih.gov)
The human β2 adrenergic receptor bound to a G-protein ( 3sn6 ) is featured in a scene above, and additional structures are on the Adrenergic receptor page . (proteopedia.org)
For G s see Beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex updated . (proteopedia.org)
Augmenting the synthesis and/or secretion of opioid peptides and opioid receptor numbers within injured tissue may be accomplished by gene therapy: delivery of PENK, POMC, and of μ receptor cDNAs have been shown to decrease chronic pain and inflammation (Braz, J. et al. (newmedia1.net)
Orexin A also suppressed endogenous BMP-6 expression but increased the expression of the type-II receptor of ActRII in H295R cells. (bvsalud.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)

Known cellular targets of ethanol include the glutamatergic signaling system, which is critical for synchronizing the clock to the environment. (kent.edu)
The human cellular prion protein (PrP C ) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane glycoprotein with two N-glycosylation sites at residues 181 and 197. (mdpi.com)

It is well known that levels of corticosterone (CORT, cortisol in humans) secretion demonstrate a circadian rhythm, highly regulated by effects of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, with higher levels in the early evening and lower levels in the morning. (wikipedia.org)

The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on ovarian steroid production and its functional relationship to the ovarian bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) system. (bvsalud.org)

Alzheimer's patients exhibit high degradation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central endogenous circadian timekeeper, and Parkinson's patients have highly disrupted peripheral clock gene expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Studies on the developmental onset of the teleost circadian clock have been carried out in zebrafish and, recently, in rainbow trout and Senegalese sole, where rhythms of clock gene expression entrained by light-dark (LD) cycles have been reported from the first days post fertilization. (researchgate.net)
The postsynaptic protein Shank3 (SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains) is of particular interest, as the loss of a single allele of the SHANK3 gene is sufficient to cause profound cognitive symptoms in children. (jneurosci.org)

According to the current view, damage-associated molecules released by infected or injured cells, or secreted by innate immune cells generate danger signals activating an immune response. (frontiersin.org)
In the present review, we describe and discuss the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-EMF and pulsed EMF on cell signals and factors relevant to the activation of danger signals and innate immunity cells. (frontiersin.org)
Available study details in papers cited in sections on danger signals, innate immunity and wound healing, that are dealing with experimental effects of MF exposure. (frontiersin.org)

Aside from epilepsy, many patients also suffer from other comorbidities, including sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances. (uantwerpen.be)

Nab3 and Nrd1 are yeast heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP)-like proteins that heterodimerize and bind RNA. (chksignal.com)

Answered Jan 30, 2019 Author has 300 answers and 174.4k answer views Growth hormone (GH) counteracts, in general, the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism but shares protein anabolic properties with insulin. (diabetestalk.net)

Quantitative peptide analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) has become indispensable for interrogation of proteins in complex biological samples. (genengnews.com)
Both approaches consistently generate high-quality starting material for identification of peptide signatures in biological fluids. (genengnews.com)
Animal care practices in experiments on biological rhythms and sleep. (umass.edu)
The problem is intrinsic factors, such as the biological aging process, as well as extrinsic factors, such as ultraviolet radiation from sun exposure, compromise the structure and function of these proteins. (lifeextension.com)

Nevertheless, there is a strong correlation between the neurotoxicity caused by prion proteins and the blockade of their normal proteolysis. (mdpi.com)

The protocol allowed for cleanup and enrichment of certain subsets of peptides and improved sensitivity of the MS assay. (genengnews.com)

The self-association property of Nab3 adds to the previously documented interactions between these hnRNP-like proteins, RNA polymerase II, and the nascent transcript, Selleck Entinostat leading to a network of nucleoprotein interactions that define a higher order Nrd1-Nab3 complex. (chksignal.com)
Plant growth is controlled by the clock through interactions with light and phytohormone signaling. (go.jp)
As a consequence, other IxI/V containing proteins can bind more to HSPB1, explaining the altered protein-protein interactions. (uantwerpen.be)
Furthermore, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-miRNA-mRNA interactions (competing endogenous RNAs, ceRNAs) were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

It is an endogenous inhibitor of RAF KINASES and may play a role in regulating SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (bvsalud.org)

In contrast, deletion of the first seven amino acids of K17F or substitution of phenylalanine by an alanine residue at the C-terminus completely abolished the activity of the peptide. (nih.gov)
Amino acids (AA) are the foundational building blocks for peptides and proteins. (metabolon.es)
Branched chain amino acids play a large role in building muscle tissue and participate in increasing protein synthesis. (metabolon.es)

If viewed from the synaptic cleft, the protein will look like a pseudo-symmetrical rosette shown in the picture below composed of 10 different alpha and 4 different beta subunits. (proteopedia.org)
In addition to the expected 50% loss of Shank3a, levels of other synaptic proteins, such as PSD-95, drebrin, and homer1, remained unchanged in the parietotemporal cortex of hemizygous Shank3 Δex4-9 animals. (jneurosci.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. (jneurosci.org)

A previous study shows that the upregulation of miR-1 controls the development of OA via targeting FZD7 of Wnt/β-catenin signaling [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Not surprisingly, the major groups of differentially expressed proteins were involved in tumor migration, invasion, and progression. (genengnews.com)
This keynote address will describe new drugs emerging from studies of the VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), which is usually defective in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). (aspet.org)

During the last five years, enormous progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of circadian systems, mainly by molecular genetic studies using the mouse and fly. (bioone.org)

The substitution of Pro182 with Leu allows the IxI/V peptide to sample a larger conformational space and the peptide therefore finds itself less frequently in the required conformation to bind the hydrophobic cleft. (uantwerpen.be)

We have found that disruption of the circadian clock in any of several cell types in identified hypothalamic circuits alters timing of the LH surge. (umass.edu)

The three LPN neuropeptides may, furthermore, signal to the insect hormonal center in the pars intercerebralis and contribute to rhythmic modulation of metabolism, feeding, and reproduction. (sdbonline.org)
The eclosion gate in insect development is controlled by the circadian clock and hormonal cascade. (bioone.org)

However, some recent studies imply that the present widely accepted molecular models of circadian clocks may not always be supported by the experimental evidence. (bioone.org)

Finally, the co-chaperone BAG3 forms a protein scaffold which binds both small heat proteins and Hsp70. (uantwerpen.be)
A ubiquitously found basic protein that binds to phosphatidylethanolamine and NUCLEOTIDES. (bvsalud.org)

We have discovered a novel circadian mutation called duper, which causes the circadian clock to run fast and reduces jet lag 4-fold. (umass.edu)
Duper: a mutation that shortens hamster circadian period.J. Biol. (umass.edu)

This network is the main organizational feature that allows the immune system to keep its dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) through activating and inhibitory signals and, at the same time, to adapt the response to environmental cues. (frontiersin.org)

In the present study, we investigated the functions of orexin in adrenal steroidogenesis using human adrenocortical H295R cells by focusing on its interaction with adrenocortical bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that induce adrenocortical steroidogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
To elucidate the reproductive role of oxytocin (OXT) in ovarian steroidogenesis and its functional interaction with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), the effects of OXT on ovarian steroidogenesis were investigated by utilizing primary culture of rat granulosa cells and human granulosa KGN cells. (bvsalud.org)

2012. R-α-lipoic acid does not reverse hepatic inflammation of aging, but lowers lipid anabolism, while accentuating circadian rhythm transcript profiles. . (oregonstate.edu)

Adopting a novel transgenic approach, they will also determine whether the serotonin transporter is a central target of cocaine's disruption of circadian timekeeping. (kent.edu)

Growth hormone (GH) counteracts, in general, the effects of insulin on glucose and lipid metabolism but shares protein anabolic properties with insulin. (diabetestalk.net)

Anatomy2

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes16

Information Science2

Health Care1

Pacemaker6

Submitted by the circadian clock1

Mammalian6

Rhythmicity3

Receptors11

Genes6

Disruptions in circadian2

Oscillators3

VASOACTIVE-INTESTI1

Core circadian1

Pathways2

Pathway4

Master circadian1

Physiological5

Phosphorylation4

Mechanisms8

Hypothalamus2

Oscillations1

Neuronal2

Pituitary1

Behavior3

Neurons5

Tissues4

Specificity2

Metabolic1

Organisms2

Receptor10

Cellular2

Secretion1

Vasopressin1

Gene4

Innate3

Disturbances1

Heterodimerize1

20191

Biological4

Prion1

Sensitivity1

Interactions4

Transduction1

Amino3

Synaptic3

Upregulation1

Tumor2

Understanding the molecular1

Bind1

Alters1

Hormonal2

Clocks1

Binds2

Mutation2

Homeostasis1

Cells2

Transcript1

Central1

Lipid1