• This study will be of high interest to those in the adipose tissue biology and metabolism fields. (elifesciences.org)
  • Susanne Mandrup is Professor at Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Southern Denmark where she serves as Director of the Center of Excellence in Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity (ATLAS) and Center for Adipocyte Signaling ( ADIPOSIGN ), as well as Head of the Functional Genomics & Metabolism Research Unit . (sdu.dk)
  • The Mandrup Group has contributed significantly to the genome-wide understanding the cross-talk between transcriptional regulation and metabolism, particularly in the context of adipocyte differentiation and function. (sdu.dk)
  • Vitamin A metabolism, adipose tissue as an actively secreting endocrine tissue and cerebral venous abnormalities are areas of active study regarding the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. (bmj.com)
  • The circadian clock regulates metabolism and energy homeostasis in peripheral tissues by mediating activity and/or expression of key metabolic enzymes and transport systems. (huji.ac.il)
  • In addition, key proteins play a dual role in regulating the core clock mechanism, as well as adipose tissue metabolism, and link circadian rhythms with lipogenesis and lipolysis. (huji.ac.il)
  • In addition to its potential role as a local energy reservoir, BMAT also secretes proteins, including adiponectin, RANK ligand, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and stem cell factor, which contribute to local marrow niche functions and which may also influence global metabolism. (wustl.edu)
  • The Endocrinology and Metabolism Core provides phenotyping services for the assessment of endocrine function and metabolic pathways in mouse models of obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic diseases including dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (mmpc.org)
  • The Core also provides expertise, technical resources, and instrumentation necessary to characterize perturbations in endocrine systems and metabolism in murine models useful for understanding obesity, diabetes, its complications, and related metabolic disorders, including NAFLD. (mmpc.org)
  • which produces hormones), or changes in the deposition and breakdown of fat (adipose tissue metabolism). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The course starts with the physiology of the endocrine organs and how they govern our metabolism. (lu.se)
  • The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
  • Besides, a role could be ascribed to molecules secreted by the visceral adipose tissue that can impact on barrier functions. (hindawi.com)
  • The expression profile of islet GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in visceral adipose tissue from lean and diet-induced obese mice was therefore defined and the functional effects of Ccl4 on β-cells were characte. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The adipose tissue participates in numerous endocrine functions via the secretion of bioactive molecules, such as adipokines [ 10 ]. (plos.org)
  • Conclusion Rheumatoid AAT is highly reactive tissue which upon stimulation secretes considerable amounts of proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, TNF) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1Ra) cytokines and classical adipokines. (bmj.com)
  • Recently, adipose tissue has been shown to synthesise and release highly bioactive substances: classical adipokines (eg, leptin, adiponectin) and various proinflammatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and complement components. (bmj.com)
  • In addition to their main functions, adipocytes have endocrine functions and can secrete a variety of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances, known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines, that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory activities. (nih.gov)
  • Dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines owing to adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications. (nih.gov)
  • In this Review, we focus on the role of adipokines in inflammatory responses and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolic function. (nih.gov)
  • Introduction: Adipose tissue-derived peptides, known as adipokines, act as key regulators of metabolic homeostasis, but little information is available on adipokine-mediated cross-talk with β-cells via islet GPCR interactions, nor whether this is altered in obesity. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Endocrine functions of white adipocytes, and other WAT-resident cells in the stromal vascular fraction, are performed by the release of a variety of adipokines (adipose-associated cytokines) which affect the functioning of the brain, liver, pancreas and immune system 9 . (nature.com)
  • The following public debate carries you from the evolutionary origins and the key functional purposes of adipose tissue, via adipose-derived stem cells and adipokines straight to the neuroendocrine, immunomodulatory and central nervous effects of signals that originate in the subcutis - perhaps, the most underestimated tissue of the human body. (femininebeauty.info)
  • White adipose tissue emerges as a pivotal endocrine organ, playing a dual role in lipid storage or release and energy equilibrium by engaging in the secretion of essential adipokines. (biyokimya.vet)
  • These adipokines influence many bodily functions including appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, immunity, and fatty acid oxidation to name a few. (internationalnursingconference.com)
  • Adipose tissue continues to produce adipokines but the levels of adipokines have changed. (internationalnursingconference.com)
  • In effect, a wide range of exported secretory proteins, dubbed adipokines, have been identified as constituents of the adipose proteome (adipokinome). (123dok.org)
  • Objectives (1) To compare spontaneous and stimuli-induced adipocytokine secretion by articular adipose tissue (AAT) and synovial membrane (SM) explants obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
  • Whereas bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) shares many properties in common with white adipose tissue, the distinct functions of BMAT are reflected by its development, regulation, protein secretion, and lipid composition. (wustl.edu)
  • The Core performs assays and data interpretation for in vivo metabolic function tests, including IV, IP and oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests for parameters of insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and glucose disposal. (mmpc.org)
  • Exceeding the capacity to store TG in adipocytes occurs in obesity and is often accompanied by deposition of TG in other tissues and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. (elifesciences.org)
  • The sympathetic nervous system regulates this function through β-adrenergic stimulation of brown mature adipocytes' dissipation of energy in the form of heat mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activation. (springer.com)
  • 5 , - , 9 This loose connective tissue is composed of extracellular matrix and various types of cells: fat cells-named adipocytes, and the non-fat cells of the stromal vascular fraction that contains preadipocytes, capillary endothelial cells, infiltrating leucocytes and multipotent stem cells. (bmj.com)
  • Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adipocytes are the main constituent cells of adipose tissue. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Simultaneously, adipocytes secrete various cytokines including leptin, resistin, TNF-α and IL-6 to regulate the differentiation and function of T and B lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • FTO gene was universally expressed in human and mice tissues, including adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The worldwide epidemic of obesity has brought considerable attention to research aimed at understanding the biology of adipocytes (fat cells) and the events occurring in adipose tissue (fat) and in the bodies of obese individuals. (nih.gov)
  • The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)
  • And although the metabolic complications of obesity are well appreciated, our understanding of how exactly subcutaneous adipocytes contribute to extracutaneous disease - and even influence important immune and brain functions! (femininebeauty.info)
  • While its concentration is higher in subcutaneous white adipose tissue, visceral white adipose tissue and hypertrophic adipocytes are inversely correlated with circulating adiponectin levels. (biyokimya.vet)
  • Most adipocytes exist in discrete depots throughout the body, notably in well-defined white and brown adipose tissues. (wustl.edu)
  • Here, we summarise the mechanisms contributing to adipose tissue (AT) plasticity and function including characteristics and cellular complexity of the various adipose depots and we discuss recent insights into AT origins, identification of adipose precursors, pathophysiological regulation of adipogenesis and its relation to WAT/BAT expandability in obesity and its associated comorbidities. (springer.com)
  • The 'adipose tissue expandability model' identifies the limited capacity and dysfunctionality of WAT, preventing its expansion and accommodation of surplus of energy, as key determinants for the onset and progression of obesity-associated metabolopathologies as a result of ectopic deposition of toxic lipid species in metabolic organs (i.e. muscle or liver [also known as lipotoxic insult]) [ 7 ]. (springer.com)
  • We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
  • Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Obesity is a chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory condition, with adipose tissue exhibiting both paracrine and endocrine functions. (peerj.com)
  • Introduction: Insulin-sensitive tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle modify their gene expression under conditions of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and some of these gene products may be released to maintain glucose homeostasis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal organ in obesity. (nature.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a condition of " abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue to the extent that health may be impaired " [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alison's previous wet-lab research interests lie in adipose tissue regulation, obesity and developmental origins of health and disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Sarcopenia combined with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, or abdominal obesity was associated with worse cognitive function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Min Ji Kim studied, during her PhD, the adipose tissue dysfunctions in obesity and antiretroviral therapy-induced lipodystrophies at the University of Paris 6 and at INSERM. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Perinatal exposure to several endocrine disruptors leads to increased body weight later in life as well as to several metabolic disorders, which may partially contribute to the obesity epidemics and interact with other risk factors. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Additionally, there is evidence that pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) trigger an inflammatory phenotype in the adipose tissue (AT) thereby enhancing the pathological consequences of obesity. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Rare adipose disorders (RADs) masquerading as obesity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Consumption of a high-fat Western diet (HFWD) contributes to obesity, disrupted adipose endocrine function, and development of metabolic dysfunction (MetDys). (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Ling's research group has also shown that genetic and non-genetic factors such as SNPs, exercise, diet, obesity and age alter the genome-wide epigenetic pattern in human primary tissues for type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • 4 5 Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ, heterogeneous with respect to embryonic origin, body distribution and function. (bmj.com)
  • See also specific endocrine organ pages for more specific search options. (edu.au)
  • Particularly well developed in humans is white adipose tissue (WAT), a major meta- bolic and secretory organ. (123dok.org)
  • The ovaries no longer have follicles and their function, as a steroidogenic endocrine organ does not work anymore. (bvsalud.org)
  • The current focus of the group is to understand the in vivo plasticity of cells in adipose tissue and the endocrine pancreas, and to understand the basic mechanisms of transcriptional enhancers. (sdu.dk)
  • Here, we investigated the expression of aGPCR mRNAs in mouse islets and determined the expression and function of GPR56, the most abundant aGPCR in islets, in developing mouse pancreas. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Endocrine Pancreas [1] "The transcription factor Pax6 functions in the specification and maintenance of the differentiated cell lineages in the endocrine pancreas. (edu.au)
  • Later in the course of disease, a thin, fibrous band of tissue near the duodenum and stomach may be all that remains of the pancreas. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Somatotropic hormone or growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone that stimulates the growth of all body tissues especially skeletal muscle and bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, we hypothesized that these mice would have accumulation of TGs in other tissues, such as the liver or skeletal muscle, resulting in lipotoxicity and metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance or fatty liver disease. (elifesciences.org)
  • Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
  • The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
  • This study aimed to identify mRNAs encoding liver and skeletal muscle peptides that have the potential to regulate β-cell function by binding to islet GPCRs, and to quantify changes in expression of these liver and muscle mRNAs in obese. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • The NAFLD group had higher hepatic fat ( P ±0.001) lower skeletal muscle IS ( P = 0.01), hepatic IS ( P = 0.01), and adipose tissue IS ( P = 0.04). (medscape.com)
  • They have made several groundbreaking discoveries such as genome-wide epigenetic modifications in pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the liver from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic control subjects. (lu.se)
  • In the present study, we test the hypothesis that reactivation of glucocorticoids, in peripheral tissues by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), is a major determinant of exogenous Cushing s syndrome.WT, global 11β-HSD1 knockout (GKO), liver-specific 11β-HSD. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Trunk blood and tissue samples from the periphery (liver, spleen, fat, and heart) and brain (hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus) were collected. (peerj.com)
  • Consequently, the adipose tissue's lipid storage capacity plays a pivotal role in systemic insulin resistance and the infiltration of lipids into organs such as the liver and muscles. (biyokimya.vet)
  • Clocks similar to the one located in the SCN are found in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. (huji.ac.il)
  • analyses, as well as others (8-11), support the hypothesis that adipose tissue-secreted factors may indeed be potent modulators of inflammation-related disorders such as obe- sity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid-associated (Graves') ophthalmopathy, breast cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (123dok.org)
  • The endocrine system resides within specific endocrine organs and both organs and tissues with other specific functions. (edu.au)
  • Differentiation of several also organs involves a epithelial/mesenchye interaction, seen in repeated in many differentiation of many different tissues. (edu.au)
  • This current page provides a general introduction to the endocrine system, use the links below to explore development of specific endocrine organs. (edu.au)
  • Researchers have also suggested that adiposis dolorosa could be an autoimmune disorder, which occurs when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the following weeks, we study endocrine pathophysiology from different perspectives, focusing on the different endocrine organs. (lu.se)
  • Near the thyroid are 4 tiny pea-shaped organs, the parathyroids, that secrete parathormone to control and balance the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and tissue fluids. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, insufficient TG storage such as occurs in lipodystrophy is usually associated with adipocyte endocrine deficiency and similar metabolic derangements. (elifesciences.org)
  • Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
  • There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
  • The biology of the adipocyte is being increasingly studied, and it has been found that hypoxia negatively affects adipocyte function. (ers-education.org)
  • Overview of the major functions modulated by adipocyte-derived factors. (femininebeauty.info)
  • Lipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of soft tissue composed of mature adipocyte cells, being among the most common benign tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, DAT and SIS or Adv 1:1 composite hydrogel enhanced adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) through activation of PPARγ and C/EBPα. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recently, the role of the circadian clock in regulating the differentiation into the different adipose tissues has been investigated. (huji.ac.il)
  • In this review, the role of clock proteins and the downstream signaling pathways in white, brown, and brite adipose tissue function and differentiation will be reviewed. (huji.ac.il)
  • The most important function of thymosin is to induce T cell differentiation and enhance the immunological function of different immune cells. (microbenotes.com)
  • The most important function of the thymus gland is to induce the development, activation, and differentiation of T cells so that they can perform their function as mediators of cellular immunity. (microbenotes.com)
  • The current edition of the journal Experimental Dermatology is featuring many articles on the functions of subcutaneous (beneath the skin) adipose cells (fat cells). (femininebeauty.info)
  • The following figure sums up the major body functions influenced by fat cell-derived factors, making it clear that both too little and too much subcutaneous fat is going to be bad for health. (femininebeauty.info)
  • Our acute awareness of the cosmetic, psychosocial and sexual importance of subcutaneous adipose tissue contrasts dramatically with how poorly we have understood the biology of this massive, enigmatic, often ignored and much-abused skin compartment. (femininebeauty.info)
  • The increasing insights recently won into subcutaneous adipose tissue as a cytokine depot that regulates innate immunity and cell growth exemplarily serve to illustrate the vast open research expanses that remain to be fully explored in the subcutis. (femininebeauty.info)
  • They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions. (bvsalud.org)
  • The intestinal barrier functions are affected by the enteric nervous system (ENS), both directly through regulation of tight junctions via neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors [ 10 ] and indirectly through neuroimmune modulation during inflammation [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1 In RA, numerous cytokines play a fundamental role in inflammation and joint destruction and are thought to originate primarily from synoviocytes and leucocytes that massively infiltrate synovial tissue. (bmj.com)
  • When adipose tissue is dysregulated leptin and adiponectin production is altered and inflammation is then affected. (internationalnursingconference.com)
  • Indices of lung inflammation and histopathologic assessment of lung tissue were quantified at 0, 4, and 8 wk after cessation of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • supports the concept that metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and genome instability (including epige- netic changes) underlie many of the other hal marks and foster multiple hallmark functions. (who.int)
  • WAT is tightly involved in the two most important functions of an organism - energy homeostasis and reproduction 6 . (nature.com)
  • In energy homeostasis, not only does WAT act as the main storage site of excess dietary energy (Fig. 1c ), it also performs crucial endocrine and metabolic functions (Fig. 1d ) 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
  • Overall, adipose tissue's multifaceted functions underscore its significance as an energy reservoir and regulator within the body's energy homeostasis. (biyokimya.vet)
  • Their main function is to store energy in the form of lipid droplets when there is excess energy and to supply energy when the body demands it. (frontiersin.org)
  • Because of their hydrophobicity, POPs tend to distribute into lipid rich tissues such as the AT and milk. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease in dogs and cats, occurring in about 1 of every 300 patients. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Chronic relapsing pancreatitis with progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine cells and their replacement by fibrous connective tissue results in diabetes mellitus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that leptin deficiency affects cytokine gene expression differently in the brain compared to peripheral tissues with minimal interaction from acute SF. (peerj.com)
  • Recent research also has thrown lights upon a significant role of orexins, especially orexin A, in regulation of male reproductive functions owing to their receptor expressions in vital testicular cells, such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells as well as spermatozoa at different developmental stages, even in the epididymis and penis. (researchgate.net)
  • Jimenez-Mateos EM, Smith J, Nicke A, Engel T (2019) Regulation of P2X7 receptor expression and function in the brain. (sfb1328.de)
  • This suggests that excessive adiposity overrides the absence of leptin to promote a low-grade inflammatory environment in these tissues. (peerj.com)
  • Lipomas have an etiology and pathogenesis that are still uncertain 3,6 , although there are a number of reports that they may be related to the inflammatory, endocrine and mechanical processes5. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tissue explants were treated with proinflammatory cytokines relevant to RA pathogenesis (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interferon γ, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23). (bmj.com)
  • Each lobe of the gland is surrounded by a dense capsule of connective tissue and divided internally by a connective tissue septum. (microbenotes.com)
  • The adipose tissue (AT) of obese individuals is quantitatively much larger and includes more pathological features, than that of lean individuals. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Conversely, fasting initiates the lipolytic pathway, prompting the breakdown of TGs and the subsequent release of fatty acids from adipose stores. (biyokimya.vet)
  • In the general population, water and food (migration of substances from packaging, contamination of crop soils, hormonal residues in meat), but also air and cosmetics, are the primary sources of exposure to endocrine disruptors. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • Endocrine disruptors are chemicals of natural or artificial origin foreign to the body. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • Some endocrine disruptors are compounds that are soluble in fatty substances (lipophilic), that is to say, they bind to fat tissue and can quickly accumulate in the fats of different species and thus contaminate a large part of the food chain. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • The effects of endocrine disruptors on human health are controversial, including their low-dose effect. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • Nevertheless, some conditions are now suspected to be the consequence of exposure to endocrine disruptors: decreased sperm quality, increased frequency of anomalies in genital tract development, reproductive function. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • However, apart from accidents (explosion of a pesticide plant in Sevéso, for example), exposure to endocrine disruptors in the general population is low on a continuous basis. (boycottliberalism.com)
  • The biological activity of tissue-conditioned media was evaluated by measuring production of selected factors (IL-6, IL-8, Dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin) by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). (bmj.com)
  • This tissue releases biologically active factors that intensify pathogenic activities of rheumatoid FLS. (bmj.com)
  • The rBMAT for instance can be expanded or depleted by myriad factors, including age, nutrition, endocrine status and pharmaceuticals. (wustl.edu)
  • Main focus is research on epidemiological perspectives on ageing and functioning, especially vascular risk factors and cognition and osteoporosis. (lu.se)
  • Most T4 is converted to T3 (a more active form) in the target tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The phenotype of Pax6-/- knockout mice suggests non-redundant functions of the transcription factor in the development of glucagon-expressing alpha-cells as this cell type is absent in the mutants. (edu.au)
  • These cells are involved in numerous functions. (femininebeauty.info)
  • Recently, the endocrine activity of adipose tissue cells has been intensively studied. (123dok.org)
  • Though not commonly seen in the oral cavity, lipoma is a benign tumor of the soft tissue composed of mature adipose cells without cellular atypia, equating to between 15% and 20% of cases involving the head and neck region and between 1% and 5% of all benign tumors of the oral cavity 1-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, it has been reported that BAT levels decline with age and have been linked to age related accumulation of body fat, leading to the idea that improving BAT function during ageing could have a beneficial rol. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • This tissue also manages the clearance of plasma TGs, averting their accumulation in other bodily tissues. (biyokimya.vet)
  • Orexins (or hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides with a multitude of physiological functions. (researchgate.net)
  • these systems integrate engineered human tissues into physiological microenvironment supplied by a vasculature-like microfluidic perfusion. (nature.com)
  • However, its physiological functions have been considerably reassessed over the last decade (3). (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • The function of the adaptive immune system is to recognize, remember and destroy invading pathogens through their antigens, and relieve pathogen-associated toxicities. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence for metabolic, endocrine and immune functions of the AT including stroma has accumulated. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • Abnormal endocrine development/function can impact on many different systems. (edu.au)
  • In people with adiposis dolorosa, abnormal fatty tissue or lipomas can occur anywhere on the body but are most often found on the torso, buttocks, and upper parts of the arms and legs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To generate mice lacking TGs in adipose tissue (ADGAT DKO), we crossed adipose tissue-specific Dgat1 knockout mice (Cre-transgene expressed under control of the mouse adiponectin promoter 3 ) with Dgat2 flox mice 4 . (elifesciences.org)
  • The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a key homeostatic role, not only by ensuring efficient energy storage but also by its quick mobilisation (lipids) to ensure peripheral demands. (springer.com)
  • and plasma membrane properties and receptors in white adipose tissue. (elsevier.com)
  • Adipose tissues are distinguished as white, brown, and beige (or brite), each with unique metabolic characteristics. (huji.ac.il)
  • Moreover, orexins have been reported to greatly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and their secretions to regulate reproductive functions via modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (researchgate.net)