AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Transcription, GeneticBunyaviridaeBase SequenceRNA, ViralRNA, MessengerRNATranscription FactorsNucleic Acid HybridizationDNARNA, RibosomalRNA, Small InterferingMolecular Sequence DataDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesBunyamwera virusRNA, BacterialEncephalitis Virus, CaliforniaRNA SplicingRNA EditingRNA Polymerase IIPromoter Regions, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceCell LineGene Expression RegulationHemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-CongoNucleic Acid ConformationRNA, Double-StrandedRNA InterferenceRNA, TransferMutationBinding SitesProtein BindingCloning, MolecularRNA Polymerase IIIRNA, Spliced LeaderCell NucleusRNA VirusesPlasmidsRNA Polymerase IHeLa CellsRNA, UntranslatedRNA, Small NuclearEscherichia coliRNA CapsTransfectionDNA-Binding ProteinsNuclear ProteinsSp1 Transcription FactorRNA, FungalRNA, CatalyticVirus ReplicationRNA FoldingTemplates, GeneticRNA, AntisenseRNA StabilityProtein BiosynthesisTranscriptional ActivationEuglena gracilisGene Expression Regulation, ViralGene Transfer TechniquesRNA, Transfer, ValCells, CulturedCell NucleolusTrans-ActivatorsGenesRNA HelicasesKineticsMurine hepatitis virusRNA PrecursorsAmanitinsRNA-Binding ProteinsGenome, ViralRNA, Ribosomal, 5SRNA, Transfer, AlaPol1 Transcription Initiation Complex ProteinsRepressor ProteinsRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalTranscription Initiation SiteRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidGene Expression Regulation, BacterialDNA, ViralOperonRNA, PlantChromatinSequence Analysis, RNAReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSignal TransductionTerminator Regions, GeneticCell-Free SystemBlotting, NorthernHistonesDNA Restriction EnzymesRibonucleoproteinsGenes, ReporterSaccharomyces cerevisiaeDactinomycinRNA, NeoplasmRNA, ProtozoanDNA, ComplementaryBacterial ProteinsGene Expression
GenesProteinsNucleotidesGenomePolymeraseSequenceRibosomesMRNATRNAsSingle-strandedSignaling moleculesCleavageIsoformDegradationRegulateDifferential regulationCDNARecombinantBacteriumExonsAmino acidHyperthermophilesHistone modificationsReplicationStructuresProteinVitroModificationsExtractionNuclearInteractionsBacterialInhibitorsRegulation of transcriptionComponentsFragmentsReverse-transcriptionDensityExpressionInventionFactorsDomainsActivityFactorPotentialStructure
Genes15
  • As of the July 2013, the total number of genes (including pseudogenes and non-coding RNA genes) is around 58,000 with the total number of transcripts reaching almost 200,000 ( Gencode ). (tripod.com)
  • Depending on the organism and availability, mt-tRNA Val or mt-tRNA Phe are incorporated, most likely due to their genomic proximity to mt-rRNA genes and consequent near stoichiometric presence of their transcripts 4 , 8 . (nature.com)
  • More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. (researchsquare.com)
  • In castor bean, we observed differential regulation of vital oil biosynthetic enzymes and extremely high expression levels of oil biosynthetic genes, which were consistent with the rapid accumulation of oil in castor bean developing seeds. (researchsquare.com)
  • Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)
  • 138 tDNAs were represented in the HM450 microarray, and 95 of them were located further than 2 kb from RNAPII-transcribed genes (Supplementary Figure S 1 A). We established this exclusion criterion because the interferences mediated by elongating RNAPII on RNAPIII transcription of neighboring genes could mask the effects that DNA methylation would induce on tRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While our genes are encoded by a varying sequence of nucleotides, the genotype is determined by the DNA sequence, both nuclear and mitochondrial. (cilecenter.org)
  • The UGT2 family, in contrast, is encoded by separate genes clustered on chromosome 4q13 and consists of the UGT2A and UGT2B subfamilies. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Studies on rodent UGT genes have demonstrated that the transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) and CAAT-enhancer binding protein are important positive regulators of UGT expression in the liver (Hansen et al. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Other genes in the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway have been cloned including the tri3 gene, encoding a 15-O-acetyltransferase, from Fusarium sporotrichioides (McCormick et al. (justia.com)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo expression of virulence and metabolic genes of S. aureus in a prosthetic joint infection in a human subject with growth in vitro as reference using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We previously reported the genome of T. horrida , and 597 genes that encoded secreted proteins were annotated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These two encoded genes were up-regulated during early infection, and the encoded proteins were confirmed to be secreted using a yeast secretion system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we describe a platform for the heterologous expression of the four structural genes encoding a designated 3-methylbenzoylCoA reductase from the related denitrifying species Thauera chlorobenzoica (MBRTcl) in Escherichia coli This reductase represents the prototype of a distinct subclass of ATP-dependent BCRs that were proposed to be involved in the degradation of methyl-substituted BzCoA analogues. (pubchase.com)
Proteins5
  • These findings culminated in the central dogma of molecular biology, that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. (addgene.org)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • The UGT1 family constitutes a complex gene locus on human chromosome 2q37 and comprises 13 first exons that encode the unique N-terminal domains of the UGT1A proteins and exons 2 to 5 that encode the C-terminal domain, which is identical in all UGT1A family members ( Owens and Ritter, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Transcription is regulated by proteins called sigma factors. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The genetic information of life on Earth have been conserved in natural nucleotides-A, G, C, T(U) forming two exclusive sets of base pairs A-T(U) & G-C, that complementing to the fundamental processes of DNA replication & RNA transcription by several polymerases and translation to functional proteins via ribosomal reactions. (fortuneonline.org)
Nucleotides3
  • adenine (A) - A nitrogenous base that occurs in DNA and RNA nucleotides and pairs with thymine (in DNA) or uracil (in RNA) through two hydrogen bonds. (rcsb.org)
  • Each amino acid is encoded for by 3 nucleotides termed a codon. (addgene.org)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 genome comprises about 30,000 nucleotides: the replicase gene of SARS-CoV-2 encodes two overlapping polyproteins-pp1a and pp1ab-that are required for viral replication and transcription 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
Genome7
  • The human mitochondrial genome is encoded in multiple copies of ~16.6 kb circular double-stranded DNA molecules (mtDNA) present in mitochondrial nucleoids in the mitochondrial matrix. (nature.com)
  • Expression of this genome entails several, highly regulated processes, with newly synthesised transcripts being cleaved, chemically modified, polyadenylated and further matured in neighbouring structures known as mitochondrial RNA granules (MRGs). (nature.com)
  • While the RNA components of the mitoribosome are mitochondrially-encoded, all MRPs and assembly factors are encoded in the nuclear genome, thus requiring coordination between two genomes for the assembly of these macromolecular complexes. (nature.com)
  • Digesting the human genome with restriction enzymes would yield about two million DNA fragments, which is far too many to separate from each other for the purposes of isolating one specific DNA sequence. (addgene.org)
  • Some regions of the genome encode non-protein-coding RNA like transfer RNAs, the RNA components of ribosomes, microRNAs and small interfering RNAs that regulate translation. (cilecenter.org)
  • An analysis of the genome and its transcriptome revealed enzymes with biotechnological potential, such as two extracellular tannases (Atan1p and Atan2p) of the tannic-acid catabolic route, and a new pathway for the assimilation of n-butanol via butyric aldehyde and butyric acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Mtb genome (size 4.4 Mb, GC content 65.5 %) is relatively clonal compared to most other bacteria, with no horizontal transfer, and low mutation and recombination rates [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase4
  • Both standard reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Taqman RT-PCR established the diagnosis of WNV infection from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (cdc.gov)
  • Because the virus was also sion, she continued to have fever and experienced mild head- directly detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain aches that responded to acetaminophen. (cdc.gov)
  • Such intricacy in tRNA expression regulation cannot be exclusively explained by the global modulation of the RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) transcriptional activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once these are added we will add in the synthesis of key macromolecular components (ribosome, RNA polymerase, etc.) and show how they are coupled to their respective reactions. (readthedocs.io)
Sequence4
  • Trichothecenes are produced by a sequence of oxygenations, isomerizations, cyclizations, and esterifications leading from trichodiene, which is produced from the cyclization of trans, trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate by the enzyme trichodiene synthase (Desjardins, Hohn, and McCormick, 1993, Microbiological Reviews 57: 595-604). (justia.com)
  • Kunitz-like domain"--A protease inhibitor similar to soybean trypsin inhibitor or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a protease inhibitor which is similar to the soybean trypsin inhibitor. (everypatent.com)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • What sequence of amino acids would the following RNA sequence code for if it were to be translated by the ribosome? (migzmediagroup.com)
Ribosomes1
  • While RNA makes up most of the composition of bacterial and cytosolic eukaryotic ribosomes, mammalian mitochondrial ribosomes present a more elaborate protein shell, which aids coping with the oxidative microenvironment. (nature.com)
MRNA3
  • Moreover, our recent transcriptomic analysis reveals a decline in mRNA levels of Cyp17a1 , encoding a steroidogenic enzyme, in 4- to 30-day cultures of 6 d pp mouse testes ( 10 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • All these molecules cooperate to translate the genetic information encoded in mRNA to enable protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 0 through the remedy time period whereas the handle animals experienced a steady maximize also in tumor amount mRNA expression of SRCs, HER development factor receptors, ER and Ets 2 Tumors as well smaller for RNA extraction according to proto col needed to be excluded from even more analyses. (tcr-signal.com)
TRNAs2
  • Furthermore, instead of 5S rRNA, structurally similar mtDNA-encoded tRNAs occupy an equivalent region in the central protuberance of the mtLSU. (nature.com)
  • In fact, tRNAs actively engage in protein synthesis regulation and in additional molecular processes that are unrelated to translation, like apoptosis prevention and the generation of small derivative non-coding RNAs that perform further cellular functions [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Single-stranded2
  • Base-pair (bp) is used to quantitate the length of nucleic acids but it should really be used for DNA only since RNA is single-stranded. (tripod.com)
  • Transcript evaluation Complete RNA was isolated from fresh blood with QIAamp RNA blood kit, and single stranded cDNA was synthesized together with the GoScript reverse transcription procedure in ac cordance using the companies directions. (mirnainhibitors.com)
Signaling molecules1
  • For the bacteria to use quorum sensing constitutively, they must possess three abilities: secretion of a signaling molecule, secretion of an autoinducer (to detect the change in concentration of signaling molecules), and regulation of gene transcription as a response. (wikipedia.org)
Cleavage2
  • M pro digests the polyprotein at at least 11 conserved sites, starting with the autolytic cleavage of this enzyme itself from pp1a and pp1ab 8 . (nature.com)
  • The present invention provides a new enzyme which is structurally different from those previously described and which will cleave APP to generate amyloidogenic fragments the size expected of a Met.sub.596 -Asp.sub.597 cleavage. (everypatent.com)
Isoform1
  • 2. This transcript could be the only validated isoform that encodes a practical protein encompassing seven exons exactly where exon 1 is non coding. (mirnainhibitors.com)
Degradation3
  • We will apply RNA degradation later in the tutorial. (readthedocs.io)
  • A catalytically versatile benzoyl-CoA reductase, key enzyme in the degradation of methyl- and halobenzoates in denitrifying bacteria. (pubchase.com)
  • Class I benzoyl-coenzyme A (BzCoA) reductases (BCRs) are key enzymes in the anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. (pubchase.com)
Regulate1
Differential regulation1
  • RNA-sequencing of nematode-infected roots of the tcp9 mutants revealed differential regulation of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and responses to oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
CDNA2
  • To identify the photoreceptive molecule that regulates photoperiodic responses, in the present study, we have cloned and characterized the cDNA encoding an opsin gene expressed in the ayu brain, a putative site of the photoreceptor for photoperiodism. (bioone.org)
  • A full-length cDNA (Ov-phy-1) encoding a catalytically active alpha-subunit of Onchocerca volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase was isolated and characterized. (embl.de)
Recombinant1
  • I also describe the activation of the inactive recombinant enzyme produced in mesophilic Escherichia coli from the viewpoint of the relationship between structure and activity. (go.jp)
Bacterium3
  • Although they can be found in archaea and eukaryotes, they play the most significant biological role in bacteria where they can be passed from one bacterium to another by a type of horizontal gene transfer (conjugation), usually providing a benefit to the host, such as antibiotic resistance. (addgene.org)
  • Using a combination of bioinformatic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we show that a highly atypical completion of vitamin B5 biosynthesis by the parasitic animal, putatively enabled by a horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium, is required for full pathogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Discovered in 1995, the enzyme from the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (BCRTar) has so far remained the only isolated and biochemically accessible BCR, mainly because BCRs are extremely labile and their heterologous production has largely failed, so far. (pubchase.com)
Exons1
  • Saitohin, an intronless gene encoding an open reading through frame of 128 amino acids, is found inside the intron involving exons 9 and ten of the human tau gene. (aktinhibitor.com)
Amino acid2
  • As there are only 20 natural amino acids and 64 codon combinations each amino acid is encoded for by multiple codons. (addgene.org)
  • Positively charged amino acid residues are relatively abundant in the encoded gene-products of N. equitans and other hyperthermophiles, which is reflected in their isoelectric point distribution. (biomedcentral.com)
Hyperthermophiles1
  • The enzymes from hyperthermophiles are generally extremely thermostable and lose little or no activity during long periods under a variety conditions. (go.jp)
Histone modifications1
  • Typically, transcriptional regulation is fine-tuned by epigenetic mechanisms, comprising histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
Replication3
  • This programme focused on identifying drug leads that target main protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2: M pro is a key enzyme of coronaviruses and has a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-2 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
  • But N. equitans possesses most of the DNA repair enzymes and the complete genetic machinery necessary for transcription, translation and DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The review describes the efficient replication, transcription and translation of Unnatural Base Pairs (UBPs) highlighting the possibility of the expanded genetic alphabets. (fortuneonline.org)
Structures1
  • Finally, the mature TAGs are transferred and stored in subcellular structures called oil bodies or oleosomes. (researchsquare.com)
Protein1
  • the tri6 gene, encoding a zinc finger protein involved in the regulation of trichothecene biosynthesis, from Fusarium sporotrichioides (Proctor et al. (justia.com)
Vitro1
  • In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
Modifications1
  • Many cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, are regulated through post-transcriptional RNA modifications. (nature.com)
Extraction1
  • For 1 with the tamoxifen treated animals, no tumors selelck kinase inhibitor were observed in the finish from the study and for an additional two animals the remaining tumor was as well modest for RNA extraction, leaving a representative choice of 9 tumors from five tamoxifen treated animals for gene expression analyses. (tcr-signal.com)
Nuclear1
  • Here, we characterized the staphylococcal transcriptome in vivo and the joint fluid metabolome in a prosthetic joint infection with an acute presentation using deep RNA sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Interactions2
  • Here, we investigate a lncRNA-mediated targeting of DNMT1 to specific gene loci by the combined power of in silico modeling of RNA/DNA interactions and wet lab approaches, in the context of the clinically relevant use case of ephrinA5-dependent regulation of cellular motility of cerebellar granule cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New insights about the evolution, recognition and structural modularity of GNRA and A-minor RNA-RNA interactions are proposed. (cnrs.fr)
Bacterial1
  • The heterologous expression platform established in this work enables the production, isolation and characterization of bacterial and archaeal BCR- and BCR-like radical enzymes, for many of which the function has remained unknown. (pubchase.com)
Inhibitors1
Regulation of transcription1
Components3
  • Amplicon sequencing was used for detection of bacteria in fluid obtained by sonication of prosthesis components (all joint fluid was used for RNA-seq). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The review also outlines the vast applications of UBPs as novel information storage components as well as in creation of semi-synthetic organisms expressing non canonical amino acids, high affinity aptamer generation, PCR based diagnostics and sitespecific labelling of RNAs. (fortuneonline.org)
  • The agr operon BDCA is encoded by RNAII, which is one of the QS structural components, while delta δ hemolysin is encoded by RNAIII which serves as a regulatory RNA implicated in a number of gene's virulence (Le and Otto, 2015 ). (springeropen.com)
Fragments1
  • By the 1970s the combined discoveries of restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, and gel electrophoresis allowed for the ability to move specific fragments of DNA from one context to another, such as from a chromosome to a plasmid. (addgene.org)
Reverse-transcription1
  • Southern and Northern blots and reverse-transcription PCR analyses indicate that the same rhodopsin gene is expressed in the retina and the brain but not in the pineal organ of ayu. (bioone.org)
Density1
  • Alternative sites for cell density regulation of the enzyme could rely on its sensitivity to sulfhydryl groups. (embl.de)
Expression1
  • Expression evaluation indicated that each transcription and translation goods of this molecule have been hugely expressed in OSCC derived cell lines. (tcr-signal.com)
Invention1
  • The present invention also relates to isolated trichodiene synthases and isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding the trichodiene synthases. (justia.com)
Factors2
Domains1
  • In its absence, mtLSU particles (visualized by cryo-EM at the resolution of 2.6 Å) present disordered RNA domains, partial occupancy of bL36m and bound MALSU1:L0R8F8:mtACP anti-association module, allowing five mtLSU biogenesis intermediates with different intersubunit interface configurations to be placed along the assembly pathway. (nature.com)
Activity2
  • The enzyme responsible for collagen maturation is prolyl 4-hydroxylase, making this enzyme a central activity in cuticle biosynthesis and a potentially important chemotherapeutic target. (embl.de)
  • The accumulation of both peptides in the endothelial cells suggested in vivo inhibitory activity of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme. (go.jp)
Factor3
  • The kinase phosphorylates a transcription factor, which regulates gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another possible mechanism is that AIP is transported into the cytosol, and binds directly to a transcription factor to initiate or inhibit transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we show that the transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR-9 (TCP9) modulates root system architectural plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to infections by the endoparasitic cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. (bvsalud.org)
Potential1
  • This high stability is very attractive, in that it gives the enzymes potential for use in numerous bioprocesses. (go.jp)
Structure1
  • We provide evidence that Snhg15 , a cancer-related lncRNA, recruits DNMT1 to the Ncam1 promoter through RNA/DNA triplex structure formation and the interaction with DNMT1. (biomedcentral.com)