OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Coronavirus OC43, HumanCoronavirus InfectionsCoronavirusCoronaviridaeCoronavirus, BovineSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusCoronavirus 229E, HumanNucleocapsid ProteinsSARS VirusCoronavirus, FelineRespiratory Tract InfectionsCoronavirus, CanineSevere Acute Respiratory SyndromeCoronaviridae InfectionsMurine hepatitis virusTransmissible gastroenteritis virusInfectious bronchitis virusChinaTravelDisease Outbreaks
229EHKU1Respiratory syndromeSarsProteinsInfectionOutbreakPneumoniaViralBovine coronavirus2020ProteinVaccinesBetacoronavirusKnown to infect humansPathogenSyndromeGenomeDiseaseReplicationAntibodiesWuhanVaccineMERSCharacteristicsVirusesZoonoticMolecularPhylogenyInfect animalsSpeciesMechanismsDiseasesSingle-strandedRhinovirusSequenceCoronaviridaeGene
229E10
  • Along with HCoV-229E, a species in the genus Alphacoronavirus, HCoV-OC43 is among the viruses that cause the common cold. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9 Coronavirus is characterized by spikes sticking out from the surface, which in part have the same characteristics as SARS-CoV, and other four Human coronaviruses HCoV-NL63 (human coronavirus NL63), HCoV-229E (human coronavirus 229E), HCoV-OC43 (human coronavirus OC43), and HCoV-HKU1 (human coronavirus HKU1), which only cause mild respiratory diseases. (medsci.org)
  • In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv * preprint server, researchers investigated whether immunity against seasonal human coronavirus (CoV) spike (S) proteins of HKU1, OC43, NL63, or 229E could protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro . (news-medical.net)
  • Mice were vaccinated with NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1, and SARS-CoV-2 S proteins in prime-boost regimens. (news-medical.net)
  • Two types of alphacoronaviruses (229E and NL63) and two types of betacoronaviruses (OC43 and HKU1) are pathogens of humans and cause the common cold. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Due to these proteins, some strains are more deadly (SARS-COV-1, MERS-COV and SARS-COV-2) and some are not (229E, NL63, OC43 and NKU1). (scitechnol.com)
  • four of them are benign to infect humans who are named as 229E, NL63, OC43, and NKU1 while other three are quite deadly for humans including SARS-COV-1, MERS-COV and SARS-COV-2. (scitechnol.com)
  • The four types of coronaviruses, the beta coronaviruses OC43 and HKU1 and the alpha coronaviruses 229E and NL63, could be studied within the laboratory animals setting. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • People around the world commonly get infected with human coronaviruses 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • C oronaviruses are a large family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that can cause diseases in both humans and animals, and have caused significant public health concerns, and some human coronaviruses, such as OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1, can cause mild to moderate flu-like symptoms. (org.sa)
HKU12
Respiratory syndrome32
  • Since the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading rapidly throughout the world. (medsci.org)
  • Previously, there were two outbreaks of severe coronavirus caused by different coronaviruses worldwide, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). (medsci.org)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly with human SARS-CoVwas identified in palm civets and emerged infectious disease caused by SARS-associat- other animals found in live animal markets in Guangdong, ed coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (1). (cdc.gov)
  • The Omicron variant continuously evolves under the humoral immune pressure exerted by vaccination and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and the resulting Omicron subvariants display further immune evasion and antibody escape. (bvsalud.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a positive-stranded RNA virus, similar to other coronaviruses. (medscape.com)
  • ABSTRACT A literature review of publically available information was undertaken to summarize current understanding and gaps in knowledge about Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including its origin, transmission, effective control measures and management. (who.int)
  • Whereas, SARS-CoV-1, the Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 (all betacoronaviruses) cause more severe disease in humans including, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, and neurologic diseases ( Amanat & Krammer, 2020 ). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The N-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid protein from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV NP-NTD) contains many positively charged residues and has been identified to be responsible for RNA binding during ribonucleocapsid formation by the virus. (iucr.org)
  • Recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2)‑causing CoV disease 2019 (COVID‑19) emerged in China and has become a global pandemic. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By studying other SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, it is hypothesized that patients with COVID‑19 may lack sufficient antiviral T‑cell responses, which consequently present with innate immune response disorders. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain. (proteomecommons.org)
  • The CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) highlighted the potentially lethal consequences of CoV-induced disease in humans. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. (nature.com)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread across the globe, infecting more than 262 million people, and over 5.2 million people have died due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (frontiersin.org)
  • 1 , 2 However, over the past twenty years, the world has faced 3 major pandemics of serious and lethal human coronaviruses, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which was found at the end of 2019 and has caused the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 disease. (org.sa)
  • Consequently, stitute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) estimated at 15%, and is strongly age- a myriad of literature has been pro- databases on 19 April 2015 for "Middle and sex-dependent ( 3 ).To date, 26 duced, much of it providing evidence East respiratory syndrome coronavirus" countries on four continents ( 2,4 ) have to answer questions about the origin, [MESH] OR "MERS-CoV" [keyword] been affected. (who.int)
  • Pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. (medsci.org)
  • The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the body. (wjgnet.com)
  • As pandemic lockdowns end, temporal overlap of circulation of seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is expected. (amishstudies.org)
  • The ability to detect antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently under investigation with various performance characteristics and indications for use. (researchgate.net)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
  • lt;p>In December 2019, in Wuhan (People's Republic of China, PRC) there was an outbreak of a new disease caused by the virus later named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2, SARS CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). (crie.ru)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS‑CoV‑2 ) [2] is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 , the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic . (wikizero.com)
  • SARS‑CoV‑2 is a virus of the species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV), related to the SARS-CoV-1 virus that caused the 2002-2004 SARS outbreak . (wikizero.com)
  • On 11 February 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses adopted the official name "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS‑CoV‑2). (wikizero.com)
  • Patients who present with fevers, chills, myalgias, rhinorrhea, and pneumonia or who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and have a history of travel to countries in or near the Arabian Peninsula within the past 14 days should be evaluated for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. (medscape.com)
  • Update on the epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - January 2015. (medscape.com)
  • CDC announces first case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus infection (MERS) in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group. (medscape.com)
  • Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - Version 2. (medscape.com)
  • Active replication of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and aberrant induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human macrophages: implications for pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
Sars54
  • 6 Compared with known coronaviruses that can infect humans, the SARS-CoV-2 structure has certain differences, so it is defined as the seventh coronavirus. (medsci.org)
  • Coronaviruses of the genus Coronavirus can be divided syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (cdc.gov)
  • This suggests that recombinant pro- new member of the genus Coronavirus , but it does not teins containing RBD and vectors encoding the RBD belong to any of the 3 antigenic groups, although some sequence can be used to develop safe and effective SARS reports suggest that it most resembles the group 2 coron- vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • Guangdong province of China in late 2002, spread rapidly mals does not cause typical SARS-like disease in the nat- around the world along international air-travel routes, and ural hosts and is not transmitted from animals to humans. (cdc.gov)
  • resulted in 8,450 cases and 810 deaths in 33 countries and Under certain conditions, the virus may have evolved into areas on 5 continents (www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mguide_ the early human SARS-CoV, with the ability to be trans- sars.html). (cdc.gov)
  • The global outbreak of SARS seriously threat- mitted from animals to humans or even from humans to ened public health and socioeconomic stability worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • SARS-CoV isolates from laboratories in Taiwan, breaks and typical SARS in humans with high death rates. (cdc.gov)
  • Early human SARS-CoV is closer genetically to animal csr/sars/en). (cdc.gov)
  • http://www.who.int/csr/sars/en) and may cause serious, even fatal, disease. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus showed 85% shared identity with the bat SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV), raising the possibility of animal-to-human transmission. (medscape.com)
  • After 21 days of booster vaccinations, mice were intranasally transduced with non-replicating adenovirus-expressing hACE2 (human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) followed by SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (wt) Washington-1 strain challenge after five days. (news-medical.net)
  • Further, mice were vaccinated 21 days post-boost with a SARS-CoV-2 S-encoded LNP (lipid nanoparticle)-formulated and nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S. An unvaccinated control group was added for comparative evaluation. (news-medical.net)
  • OC43 vaccination induced robust anti-OC43 S activity, lower activity for HKU-1 S and SARS-CoV-2, and negligible activity for α-CoVs. (news-medical.net)
  • SARS-CoV-2 S vaccination induced high reactivity for the homologous S with little cross-reactivity for HKU-1 and OC43 but no α-CoV S reactivity. (news-medical.net)
  • SARS-CoV-2 has a large single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome encoding for several open reading frames. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The present pandemic of coronavirus can be considered as the remnant of past global epidemics like SARS and MERS. (scitechnol.com)
  • The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China has posed a serious threat to global public health. (nature.com)
  • We previously developed a pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor, EK1, which targeted the HR1 domain and could inhibit infection by divergent human coronaviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. (nature.com)
  • EK1C4 was also highly effective against membrane fusion and infection of other human coronavirus pseudoviruses tested, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, as well as SARSr-CoVs, and potently inhibited the replication of 5 live human coronaviruses examined, including SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
  • Intranasal application of EK1C4 before or after challenge with HCoV-OC43 protected mice from infection, suggesting that EK1C4 could be used for prevention and treatment of infection by the currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging SARSr-CoVs. (nature.com)
  • Collectively, all the associated diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 are termed Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As an accurate profile of the virus is urgently required, the present article screened the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family to perform a literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The experimental characterization of 332 SARS-CoV-2-human protein- protein interactions and their mapping to 69 existing FDA-approved drugs, drugs in clinical trials, and/or preclinical compounds points to new therapeutic strategies, some of which are currently under investigation. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • Three recent examples of this are SARS2 CoV2019, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV ( https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Lack of innate interferon responses during SARS coronavirus infection in a vaccination and reinfection ferret model. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein and the envelope (E) protein, each of which is essential to compose the viral particle 3 . (abcam.com)
  • Like all coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the S glycoprotein to mediate entry into the host cell. (abcam.com)
  • 2019-nCoV has high homology to other pathogenic coronaviruses, such as those originating from bat-related zoonosis (SARS-CoV), which caused approximately 646 deaths in China at the start of the decade. (revclinesp.es)
  • 2019-nCoV es un virus con alta homología con otros coronavirus patogénicos, como los originados por zoonosis con murciélagos (SARS-CoV) causantes de aproximadamente 646 muertes en China a principios de la década. (revclinesp.es)
  • This review paper explores how previous exposure to common cold coronaviruses and more pathogenic coronaviruses may elicit a protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discusses the challenges posed by some variants of concern that may escape current vaccines. (org.sa)
  • Furthermore, despite their distinct nature, these coronaviruses share several similarities in their genomic structure, receptor usage, and clinical manifestation, and multiple studies have provided evidence that the sera obtained from people who are infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV have the ability to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2, and vice versa. (org.sa)
  • In this review, we present a summary of the current knowledge of the role of cross-reactivity between the circulating common cold coronaviruses, as well as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, and their possible protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. (org.sa)
  • This rate is patterns, gene sequencing, immuno- Centre for Disease Prevention and higher than that of severe acute respira- genicity and the animal-human and hu- Control (ECDC) and the National In- tory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), man-human interfaces. (who.int)
  • Pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 is spreading continuously, the ability to adapt host and genomic mutation of Coronavirus (CoV) lead to hampering in treatment or control of the infection. (medsci.org)
  • In my last article entitled COVID 19 mRNA Vaccines, published in the 24th BRMI E-Journal , I reviewed many of the safety concerns about the experimental messenger RNA SARS coronavirus 'vaccines' not being discussed in the medical media. (brmi.online)
  • SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) virus and a newly identified β-coronavirus. (thermofisher.cn)
  • Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. (elifesciences.org)
  • Compared to wildtype human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the human respiratory tract and lungs, which can clinically manifest as an acute respiratory distress syndrome. (elifesciences.org)
  • Purification of individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins from human cells have identified a potential interaction between a catalytic-inactive version of Nsp5 with human tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1) ( Gordon et al , 2020b ). (elifesciences.org)
  • A cross-coronavirus investigation from the same group has extended this observation by finding that TRMT1 interacts with a catalytic-inactive version of Nsp5 encoded by SARS-CoV-1, which is 98.7% similar to SARS-CoV-2 ( Gordon et al , 2020a ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The study found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication in all analyzed human autopsy coronaries regardless of their pathological classification, although viral replication was highest in early-stage lesions that progress to more advanced atherosclerotic plaques. (medscape.com)
  • lt;span lang="EN-US">This review presents the basic principles of application of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for the rapid diagnosis of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. (crie.ru)
  • [20] The virus shows little genetic diversity , indicating that the spillover event introducing SARS‑CoV‑2 to humans is likely to have occurred in late 2019. (wikizero.com)
  • Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to included for children aged 6 months-2 years who might not be able to describe include monovalent (mRNA encoding the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 reactions or who might experience reactions that differ from those experienced ancestral strain) formulations of Pfizer-BioNTech (administered as 3 doses for by children aged 3 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for SARS. (medscape.com)
  • Elecsys ® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S is an immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of antibodies (including IgG) to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein receptor binding domain (RBD) in human serum and plasma. (roche.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA Betacoronavirus. (roche.com)
  • In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFluTM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the recent two months. (simplymimi.net)
  • Tracing back to the first identified COVID-19 patient on 1 December, SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated in humans for more than two months. (simplymimi.net)
  • We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have already circulated widely among humans in Wuhan before December 2019, probably beginning in mid to late November. (simplymimi.net)
  • We have demonstrated that a phylogenetic approach can be incorporated into epidemiological studies to search for the original source of SARS-CoV-2 and identify the direction of human-to-human transmissions. (simplymimi.net)
  • SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD (magenta) bound to human ACE2 (cyan). (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • Indeed, Spike proteins induce the highest neutralising antibody (nAb) titres of any coronavirus antigens [7] , making them prime candidates for vaccine development, as they could preclude SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interaction entirely to halt COVID-19 in its tracks. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Proteins16
  • The 5' cap open reading frame encodes a variety of non-structural proteins. (medsci.org)
  • Coronaviruses have at least four major structural proteins, including spikes (S), membranes (M), envelopes (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. (medsci.org)
  • Structural proteins are all encoded by the 3' terminus of the viral genome. (medsci.org)
  • Many structural proteins are present within the viron which encode for spike proteins, nucleocapsid (N) protein and membrane (M) proteins. (scitechnol.com)
  • The nonstructural proteins (nsp) are specific for each strain of coronavirus and are associated with pathogenesis, host-virus interaction and severity of disease. (scitechnol.com)
  • It is a transcribed version of a gene that encodes for spike proteins. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • Proteins are the most common biological class of drug targets, and advances in high-throughput proteomic technologies have enabled systematic analysis of the 'human druggable proteome' and genetic target validation to rapidly accelerate therapeutic target prioritisation (or de-prioritization) for new drug development or repurposing trials. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • We thoroughly characterise protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) in close proximity to protein-encoding genes (500 kb window around the gene body), cis-pQTLs, and use genetic score analysis and phenome-wide scans to investigate the potential consequences of drug targeting of those proteins. (hilarispublisher.com)
  • The coronaviral genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein, and the envelope (E) protein and many non-structural proteins. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • To this end, coronaviruses require eIF4F complex activity to produce proteins essential for their life cycle. (janelia.org)
  • The first section of this review describes types of viral fusion proteins and is followed by a comparison of the structural features of class I fusion proteins, namely influenza virus hemagglutinin and the S-protein of the human coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The genome of ~30 kb consists of multiple open reading frames (ORFs) encoding four structural proteins: Spike (S), Envelope (E), Membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N), and a variety of non-structural proteins. (thermofisher.cn)
  • The viral genome is represented by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA, approximately 30 thousand base pairs (bp) long, with 14 open reading frames encoding 27 proteins [2]. (crie.ru)
  • Activated ATF6 mediates transcription of genes encoding ER chaperone proteins also. (cgp60474.com)
  • Coronavirus genomes encode 4 main structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The S protein is a very large transmembrane protein that assembles into trimers to form the distinctive surface spikes of coronaviruses. (roche.com)
  • While all coronaviruses contains these proteins, a subset (HEV, HCV-OC43 and BCV) is now recognized to possess an additional glycopolypeptide (gp65), which is unrelated to S or M. N protein The number of amino acids in the N protein has been determined by cloning and sequencing for MHV strains A59 (Armstrong et al. (pdfroom.com)
Infection15
  • The COVID-19 pandemic is a harsh reminder of the fact that, whether in a single human host or a wave of infection across continents, viral dynamics is often a story about the numbers. (elifesciences.org)
  • ii) the characteristics of the infection of a single human host. (elifesciences.org)
  • To develop specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics, the molecular mechanism that underlies viral infection must first be defined. (nature.com)
  • Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a highly prevalent cause of acute respiratory infection in children. (plos.org)
  • Control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic-cell-derived type I interferon. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This new species of coronavirus has been termed 2019-nCoV and has caused a considerable number of cases of infection and deaths in China and, to a growing degree, beyond China, becoming a worldwide public health emergency. (revclinesp.es)
  • The successful development and implementation to intervene prevention and treatment of virus infection over the past hundred years have had great advances on human and animal health. (medsci.org)
  • The critical role of the immune system has been found in the discovery that there are reported high morbidity and mortality rates of human CoV infection in immunocompromised host as well as patients with comorbidities [ 3 - 6 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Notably, gene expression changes after OC43 infection of Vero E6 or A549 cells were effectively reverted upon treatment with SBI-5844 or SBI-0498. (janelia.org)
  • We show here that aerosolized lipopeptide fusion inhibitor, derived from heptad-repeat regions of the measles virus (MeV) fusion protein, blocks respiratory MeV infection in a non-human primate model, the cynomolgus macaque. (bvsalud.org)
  • This strategy provides an additional means to fight against respiratory infection in non-vaccinated people, that can be readily translated to human trials. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding the impact of influenza vaccination on risk of coronavirus infection is therefore of considerable public health importance. (amishstudies.org)
  • All 3273 colony members (vaccinated children and nonvaccine recipients) were followed for the primary outcome of RT-PCR confirmed seasonal coronavirus infection. (amishstudies.org)
  • Results: The incidence of coronavirus infection was 0·18/1000 person-days in the colonies that received TIV vs 0.36/1000 person-days in the control group, hazard ratio (HR) 0.49 [0.21-1.17]. (amishstudies.org)
  • Seven coronaviruses have been identified as agents of human infection, causing disease ranging from mild common cold to severe respiratory failure. (roche.com)
Outbreak4
  • COVID-19 pandemic is definitely not the first coronavirus outbreak. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • In the end, a more realistic target pertaining to coronavirus outbreak in the future, and the current one with COVID-19, will be to put them under control with better health promotion, and improved public health quality. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • A new coronavirus outbreak emerged on the 31st of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing commotion among the medical community and the rest of the world. (revclinesp.es)
  • Host immune response to coronaviruses and the role of cross-reactivity immunity among different coronaviruses are crucial for understanding and combating the continuing COVID-19 outbreak and potential subsequent pandemics. (org.sa)
Pneumonia1
  • A retrospective analysis recently indicated that the first case of a coronavirus of unknown pneumonia etiology had been reported on December 12, 2019 and had been confirmed by the Wuhan Municipal health commission in Wuhan, Hubei, China, on December 31, 2019. (athmjournal.com)
Viral9
  • One frame encodes the spike protein (S protein), a class I fusion protein that forms homotrimers protruding from the viral surface and mediates coronaviruses attachment and adhesion to human target cells via a host receptor. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • A viral stock of HCoV-OC43 (ATCC VR-1558) was prepared in BSC-1 cells. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Beside deploying current improvement in artificial intelligence and/or machine learning to improve the fidelity of immunoinformatics methods, to materialize the universal coronavirus vaccine, acceptable viral models for wet lab experiments are necessary. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, with an estimated 3 million cases per year in the United Kingdom. (worktribe.com)
  • The maturation step to release the individual Nsp polypeptides is executed by two viral-encoded proteases: Nsp5 (also known as Main Protease, M Pro /3C-like protease) and Nsp3 (also known as Papain-Like Protease, PL Pro ) ( Narayanan et al , 2022 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Nsp3 and Nsp5 are essential for viral replication and represent well-characterized drug targets among coronaviruses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Naturally found as a homotrimer, Spike studs the viral envelope and gives the coronaviruses their characteristic crown-like appearance. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
  • The coronavirus Spike protein is a remarkable feat of viral evolution, having developed an elaborate mechanism to bind ACE2 and reconfigure it as an entry point to host cells. (thenativeantigencompany.com)
Bovine coronavirus4
  • Comparison of HCoV-OC43 with the most closely related strain of Betacoronavirus 1 species, bovine coronavirus BCoV, indicated that they had a most recent common ancestor in the late 19th century, with several methods yielding most probable dates around 1890, leading authors to speculate that an introduction of the former strain to the human population might have caused the 1889-1890 pandemic, which at the time was attributed to influenza. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 includes bovine coronavirus, murine hepatitis virus, and ies, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the S1 sub- human coronavirus OC34 (HCoV-OC43). (cdc.gov)
  • The virus is a betacoronavirus and a close relative of human coronavirus OC43 and bovine coronavirus. (worktribe.com)
  • CRCoV is a group 2 coronavirus most closely related to bovine coronavirus and human. (worktribe.com)
20201
  • As of 24 February 2020, a total of 79,331 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 2618 deaths, were reported in China and 27 other countries, 11 posing a serious threat to global public health and thus calling for the prompt development of specific anti-coronavirus therapeutics and prophylactics for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. (nature.com)
Protein8
  • It has, like other coronaviruses from genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Embecovirus, an additional shorter spike protein called hemagglutinin-esterase (HE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Homotrimers of the virus encoded S protein make up the distinctive spike structure on the surface of the virus. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Within the trimeric S protein, only one of the three RBD heads is present in the accessible conformation to bind the human Angiotensin 2 (hACE2) host cell receptor 10 . (abcam.com)
  • Here, we report the results of a high throughput screen to identify small molecules that disrupt eIF4F complex formation and inhibit coronavirus RNA and protein levels. (janelia.org)
  • Moreover, SBI-5844 or SBI-0498 treatment effectively impeded the eIF4F complex assembly, with concomitant inhibition of newly synthesized OC43 nucleocapsid protein and OC43 RNA and protein levels. (janelia.org)
  • [24] [25] It enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a membrane protein that regulates the renin-angiotensin system. (wikizero.com)
  • Printed in Great Britain Key words: coronaviruses/genome expression/protein structure REVIEW ARTICLE Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression By W. SPAAN, 1. (pdfroom.com)
  • 1987). M glycoprotein As is the case with the N protein, the M glycoprotein of the various coronaviruses also exhibits different Mr values in polyacrylamide gels (see review by Siddell et al. (pdfroom.com)
Vaccines5
  • Beside improving the coverage and scalability of our public health system, it is essential to consider the development of the universal coronavirus vaccines. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • Universal Coronavirus Vaccines - An Urgent Need. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • Several vaccines have now been approved for human use, including mRNA vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna), adenovirus-vector-based vaccines (AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, CanSino Biologics, Gamaleya), and inactivated virus vaccines (Sinovac Biotech and Sinopharm). (frontiersin.org)
  • Ultimately, a better understanding of the role of cross-reactivity between coronaviruses is crucial for the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, and more importantly, for designing effective vaccines, which can offer broad-spectrum activity and protection against multiple emerging coronaviruses. (org.sa)
  • In addition, we consider the implications of cross-reactivity in developing universal mucosal adjuvant vaccines that may provide broad protection against emerging coronaviruses. (org.sa)
Betacoronavirus1
  • Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. (wikipedia.org)
Known to infect humans1
  • OC43 is one of seven coronaviruses known to infect humans. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogen3
  • If HCoV-OC43 was indeed the pathogen responsible for the 1889-1890 pandemic, which resembled the COVID-19 pandemic, severe disease was much more common and mortality much higher in populations that had not previously been exposed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only one human pathogen that could be eradicated, namely the variola virus as the causative agent of smallpox. (generasipeneliti.id)
  • The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assessed the placement of the human pathogen which was tentatively named 2019-nCoV ( Reference ), within the Coronaviridae . (biotechexpressmag.com)
Syndrome1
  • RÉSUMÉ Une analyse documentaire des informations publiques disponibles a été entreprise afin de passer en revue les connaissances et les lacunes actuelles sur le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS-CoV), notamment sur son origine, la transmission, les mesures de lutte efficaces et la prise en charge. (who.int)
Genome3
  • 6 , 8 , 10 The genome and subgenome of the new coronavirus contain at least 6 open reading frames (ORFs), which generally have 5' leader and 3' end sequences. (medsci.org)
  • Image: Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses characterized by club-like spikes projecting from their surface and an unusually large RNA genome 3 . (abcam.com)
Disease6
  • Please see Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and for continuously updated clinical guidance concerning COVID-19 and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Investigational Drugs and Other Therapies for updated drug information. (medscape.com)
  • They also investigated the impact of pre-existing immune levels against seasonal CoV S on the immune protection conferred by messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations. (news-medical.net)
  • Coronavirus (CoV) infections are commonly associated with respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) has been detected recently in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease and is involved in the clinical disease complex. (worktribe.com)
  • The mechanisms and treatment of persistent post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) smell and taste disorders are still challenges. (wjgnet.com)
  • We tested 49 known coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients and 111 prepandemic stored serology specimens. (researchgate.net)
Replication4
  • Nearly all coronaviruses have same replication strategy. (scitechnol.com)
  • Consistent with this we found that while TRIM56 inhibits flavivirus RNA replication it acts at the stage of coronavirus packaging/release. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Recombinant plasmids encoding the TSV01 strain of DENV2 replicon (pACYC-TSV-Rep-WT) and its replication-deficient NS4B P104R mutant (pACYC-TSV-NS4B-P104R) were provided by Pei-Yong Shi (16). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • In this study, we characterized MERS-CoV replication and cytotoxicity in human and monkey cell lines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antibodies2
Wuhan2
  • In the initial cluster of patients, health officials found a connection to and exposure at a seafood market in Wuhan, indicating that the transmission source was from animal to human. (athmjournal.com)
  • Un nuevo brote de coronavirus surgió el pasado 31 de diciembre de 2019 en Wuhan, China, causando conmoción entre la comunidad médica y el resto del mundo. (revclinesp.es)
Vaccine2
  • It also highlights the need for a mucosal universal vaccine that can induce long-term protection against current and emerging coronaviruses by leveraging cross-reactive immunity. (org.sa)
  • They followed that recommendation with another on February 2nd advising against pregnant women taking the Moderna coronavirus vaccine unless they are health care workers or have preexisting conditions. (brmi.online)
MERS5
  • MERS-CoV) emerged, causing 49 human cases thus far, of which 23 had a fatal outcome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Orient (MERS-CoV), notamment sur son origine, la transmission, les mesures de lutte efficaces et la prise en charge. (who.int)
  • Available at http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/faq.html . (medscape.com)
  • Available at http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/interim-guidance.html . (medscape.com)
  • MERS Coronavirus in Dromedary Camel Herd, Saudi Arabia. (medscape.com)
Characteristics2
  • The study intended to examine the features and characteristics of existing human coronaviruses and identify their resemblance to the newly identified 2019-nCoV. (athmjournal.com)
  • In this review, the characteristics of coronavirus are described briefly. (medsci.org)
Viruses7
  • Coronavirus is a vast terminology used for various viruses. (scitechnol.com)
  • The viruses of this family can infect animals, evolve and re-infect the next host (human) as a new strain. (scitechnol.com)
  • Of particular interest whether TRIM56 impacts human-pathogenic RNA viruses has not been determined. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Coronaviruses (CoV) are member of a group of related viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order, which includes 4 families Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae . (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • All viruses in the Nidovirales order are enveloped, coronavirus virions are spherical in shape. (biotechexpressmag.com)
  • However some viruses, including the group 2 coronaviruses, have evolved mechanisms to overcome or circum. (worktribe.com)
Zoonotic2
  • OC43 and BCoV are closely related genetically, and OC43 might have resulted from zoonotic spillover of BCoV (100, 101). (wikipedia.org)
  • [18] The virus is of zoonotic origin and has close genetic similarity to bat coronaviruses, suggesting it emerged from a bat-borne virus . (wikizero.com)
Molecular1
Phylogeny1
  • Coronavirus diversity, phylogeny and interspecies jumping. (medscape.com)
Infect animals1
Species1
  • The Coronavirinae Suborder is further subdivided into Coronaviridae family, two subfamilies Letovirinae and Orthocoronavirinae four genera the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta coronaviruses and further into 24 subgenera and 39 species ( more on ICTV ). (biotechexpressmag.com)
Mechanisms1
  • Natural sequence variation in or near a human gene encoding a drug target and affecting its expression or activity can provide direct support for drug mechanisms and safety in humans. (hilarispublisher.com)
Diseases1
Single-stranded1
  • The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Rhinovirus1
  • Coronaviruses have a worldwide distribution, causing 10-15% of common cold cases (the virus most commonly implicated in the common cold is a rhinovirus, found in 30-50% of cases). (wikipedia.org)
Sequence1
  • The full-length N coding sequence of HCoV-OC43 was amplified from the cDNA of virally infected BSC-1 cells and ligated into pEF6/V5-His-TOPO (Invitrogen) to generate the pEF6-OC43-N-V5His construct in which the N gene is fused in frame to C-terminal V5-His6 epitope tags. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Coronaviridae1
Gene1
  • Methods: In a cohort of 65 OOM and 39 Rochester mother-infant pairs, 101 infant stool and 61 human milk samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiome composition and qPCR to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. (amishstudies.org)