OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
Agouti Signaling ProteinHair ColorReceptors, MelanocortinReceptors, CorticotropinPigmentationAgouti-Related ProteinIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1alpha-MSHMelaninsProteinsGenes, Intracisternal A-ParticleMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesRats, Inbred LECSkin Pigmentation
ASIPAGRPGene encodesPeptideLocusMC1RMelanocortinGenesReceptorLeptinCoatMiceMelaninHumansExpressionFoundColorProjectYellowResponsibleRoleHairProteinAgRPViable yellowParacrine signalinNeuropeptidePolymorphismObesityGene is associatedExonHairsMutationsChromosomePigmentationRegulatesMouseTranscriptionComplexSingleFUNCTIONDark
ASIP7
  • The agouti gene, the Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is responsible for variations in color in many species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alleles at the A locus are related to the production of agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) and determine whether an animal expresses an agouti appearance and, by controlling the distribution of pigment in individual hairs, what type of agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • This locus, ASIP, encodes the agouti signalling protein, a peptide antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R), which is the product of the extension locus. (omia.org)
  • Agouti revisited: transcript quantification of the ASIP gene in bovine tissues related to protein expression and localization. (omia.org)
  • In this aspect, humans also have an agouti gene that encodes for the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) that is expressed in fat tissue and pancreas, and there is some correlation that obese individuals exhibit greater expression of this gene compared to leaner individuals. (missouri.edu)
  • Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) Gene in Some Goat Breeds in Tropical and Temperate Climates. (rit.edu)
  • In the fourth investigation, the 5' sequence of Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) was identified. (edu.au)
AGRP3
  • Neuroscientists have long believed that hunger increases activity in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons to regulate feeding-related behaviors and metabolism, but a new study shows that the story is much more complicated. (nature.com)
  • Neuronal cells expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide-Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) were generated from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) obtained from patients with monogenic forms of obesity. (columbia.edu)
  • Several lines of evidence strongly suggest that agouti-related peptide (AGRP) plays a key role in the regulation of metabolic function but ablation of the AGRP gene has no apparent effect on metabolic function. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene encodes1
  • This gene encodes MC 3 , a G-protein coupled receptor for melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone that is expressed in tissues other than the adrenal cortex and melanocytes. (wikidoc.org)
Peptide1
  • Leptin is a peptide hormone (16-kDa) encoded by the obese ( ob ) gene. (biomedcentral.com)
Locus3
  • The mahogany locus interacts with Agouti and a mutation there can override the pigmentation and body weight effects of lethal yellow. (wikipedia.org)
  • In most vertebrates, two key genes, Agouti and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), encode a ligand-receptor system that controls pigment type-switching, but in domestic dogs, a third gene is implicated, the K locus, whose genetic characteristics predict a previously unrecognized component of the melanocortin pathway. (gephebase.org)
  • Mutations at the Atrn locus in the mouse result in the mahogany phenotype where, despite normal levels of the agouti protein that acts as an antagonist of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), the agouti protein does not appear to be appropriately presented to the Melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1R) and black/brown eumelanin synthesis persists rather than that of the lighter yellowish phaeomelanin [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MC1R1
  • One possibility is that the membrane-anchored ectodomain may help present agouti protein by binding the positive N-terminal leaving the C-terminal free to interact with the Mc1R [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Melanocortin1
  • Melanocortin receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC3R gene . (wikidoc.org)
Genes1
  • Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress Proteins in Schistosoma mansoni. (rit.edu)
Receptor2
  • 4 It encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and homeostasis of several cell lines including melanocytic (pigment), hematologic (blood), mast, and germ cells. (creation.com)
  • The aim of the first investigation was to test whether a common polymorphism (Pro12Ala) in the gene encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) was associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in a large group of Caucasian subjects. (edu.au)
Leptin1
  • Regulation of leptin by agouti. (nih.gov)
Coat2
  • In dogs, the agouti gene is associated with various coat colors and patterns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers who conducted the original series of experiments, which Rosenfeld repeated, claimed that exposure to BPA and genistein resulted in yellow coat color, or agouti , offspring that were more susceptible to obesity and type 2 diabetes compared to their brown coat color, healthy siblings. (missouri.edu)
Mice6
  • In wildtype mice, alternating cycles of agouti and α-MSH production cause agouti coloration. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 1979, there were 17 known alleles of agouti in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Homozygous viable yellow mice can be variable in color from clear yellow through mottled black and yellow to a darker color similar to the agouti color. (wikipedia.org)
  • White-bellied agouti AW mice have agouti coloration, with hairs that are black at the tips, then yellow, then black again, and white to tan bellies. (wikipedia.org)
  • In normal mice Agouti is only expressed in the skin during hair growth, but these dominant yellow mutations cause it to be expressed in other tissues including liver, muscle, and fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • This finding suggests that certain uterine environments may favor animals with a 'thrifty genotype' meaning that the agouti gene of mice may help them survive in unfavorable uterine environments over those mice devoid of this gene, Yet, the downside of this expression of the agouti during early development is that the animals may be at risk for later metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes" Rosenfeld said. (missouri.edu)
Melanin1
  • Agouti works with extension to regulate the color of melanin which is produced in hairs. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
  • Therefore, the agouti gene may have evolved to permit humans the ability to survive famine, but its enhanced expression may also potentiate metabolic diseases under bountiful food conditions. (missouri.edu)
Expression2
  • Widespread expression of the bovine Agouti gene results from at least three alternative promoters. (omia.org)
  • We discovered expression of SYNGAP1 , which encodes the 'synaptic' protein SYNGAP1, within human cortical progenitors. (nature.com)
Found1
Color1
  • The hairs there are a creamy color the whole length because the agouti protein was produced the whole time the hairs were growing. (wikipedia.org)
Project2
  • In fact, this generator was intended to be the centrepiece of this project until the agouti charmed its way into the starring role. (dinacon.org)
  • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project. (nih.gov)
Yellow4
  • The agouti protein causes red to yellow pheomelanin to be produced, while the competing molecule α-MSH signals production of brown to black eumelanin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each hair has bands of yellow which grew during agouti production, and black which grew during α-MSH production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intermediate yellow aiy causes a mottled yellow coloration, which like viable yellow can sometimes resemble agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both have a more active hair cycle promoter than the wildtype agouti, but dominant yellow also has a more active ventral promoter. (wikipedia.org)
Responsible1
  • The insertion of a full-length Bos taurus LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregulation of the Normande Agouti gene. (omia.org)
Role1
  • Attractin's role in agouti presentation remains to be fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
Hair1
  • The player is invited to explore a jungle, eat some fruit, and - as the agouti does when frightened - puff up the hair on their butt. (dinacon.org)
Protein27
  • The agouti gene, the Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) is responsible for variations in color in many species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The agouti protein causes red to yellow pheomelanin to be produced, while the competing molecule α-MSH signals production of brown to black eumelanin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hairs there are a creamy color the whole length because the agouti protein was produced the whole time the hairs were growing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The alleles at the A locus are related to the production of agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) and determine whether an animal expresses an agouti appearance and, by controlling the distribution of pigment in individual hairs, what type of agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • The encoded preproprotein undergoes proteolytic processing to generate a mature, functional protein. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • This locus, ASIP, encodes the agouti signalling protein, a peptide antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R), which is the product of the extension locus. (omia.org)
  • The authors] identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon-4 Sri Lankan melanistic leopard, which may completely ablate Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) function. (omia.org)
  • A unique single nucleotide polymorphism in Agouti Signalling Protein (ASIP) gene changes coat colour of Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) to dark black. (omia.org)
  • Polymorphism in the porcine agouti signalling protein (ASIP) gene. (omia.org)
  • Genomic structure and nucleotide polymorphisms of the porcine agouti signalling protein gene (ASIP). (omia.org)
  • Over the last two protein that it encodes) has on the trait a predisposition toward alcoholism decades, researchers have developed being studied. (nih.gov)
  • For example, selective stimulation of neurons that express agouti-related protein (AgRP) promotes feeding, whereas stimulating a different population of neurons that express calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibits feeding. (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, inhibition by the hormone's natural antagonist, known as Agouti-related protein (AgRP), results in increased hunger feeling. (charite.de)
  • One cluster of genes, the SNORD116 gene cluster, encodes small nucleolar ribonucleic acids (snoRNAs), which have essential roles in regulating various RNA molecules that affect protein synthesis and other cellular functions. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • The Makorin Ring Finger Protein 3 gene ( MKRN3 , ZNF127 ) encodes a zinc finger protein within the Makorin family that is paternally expressed in human adult tissues, with the highest level of expression found in the testes. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • A polymorphism in the agouti signaling protein gene is associated with human pigmentation. (nature.com)
  • Two of the most important proteins in melanogenesis are the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) and the agouti protein [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pigments are controlled through pigment-switching genes MC1R (melanocortin 1 receptor) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP). (international-animalhealth.com)
  • While POMC / CART neurons synthesize the anorectic peptide α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a separate group of neurons express the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the agouti-related protein (AGRP), which acts as a potent inhibitor of melanocortin 3 (MC3R) and melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptors. (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • The MC4R is a 332 amino acid protein encoded by a single exon gene localized in chromosome 18q22 (4). (ecog-obesity.eu)
  • In the worm and human genes are annotated in GenBank (GeneIDs 56351 and 10728, respectively) as encoding prostaglandin E synthase 3 (Ptges3) or telomerase binding protein (Tebp). (cancer-pictures.org)
  • At concentrations of 100 nM to 10 microM, however, MCH, NEI and NGE induced cAMP formation and melanin synthesis which could be blocked by agouti protein or inhibitors of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A. This shows that mammalian MCH-precursor-derived peptides may mimic MSH signalling via MC1-R activation at relatively high, but physiologically still relevant concentrations, as e.g. found in autocrine/paracrine signalling mechanisms. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • HN - 2008 BX - Child Abuse, Adult Survivors MH - Agouti Signaling Protein UI - D054366 MN - D12.644.276.49 MN - D12.776.467.49 MN - D23.529.49 MS - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids (depending on species) that regulates the synthesis of eumelanin (brown/black) pigments in MELANOCYTES. (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2008 (1993) MH - Agouti-Related Protein UI - D054369 MN - D12.644.276.74 MN - D12.776.467.74 MN - D23.529.74 MS - A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and is also an antagonist of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR activity. (nih.gov)
  • The most important valorant cheap cheats regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortins and ACTH, whereas among the negative regulators agouti protein stands out, determining intensity of melanogenesis and also the type of melanin synthesized. (mvp-thanhhoa.com)
  • The melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) signaling system consists of MC4R, MC4R ligands [melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), agouti-related protein (AgRP)], and melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), and it has been proposed to play important roles in feeding and growth in vertebrates. (scite.ai)
  • These include four selected orexigenic genes: Promelanin-concentrating hormone (pmch), agouti-related protein 2 (agrp2), neuropeptide Y (npy), and hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (hcrt). (scite.ai)
AgRP1
  • Complex interactions between POMC, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) play a role in insulin pathways, energy metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
Viable yellow5
  • Homozygous viable yellow mice can be variable in color from clear yellow through mottled black and yellow to a darker color similar to the agouti color. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intermediate yellow aiy causes a mottled yellow coloration, which like viable yellow can sometimes resemble agouti. (wikipedia.org)
  • A study was undertaken with viable yellow agouti ( Avy ) mice to examine the effects of maternal diet on a phenotype known to be influenced by DNA methylation, namely, the color of the fur. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we report that maternal dietary genistein supplementation of mice during gestation, at levels comparable with humans consuming high-soy diets, shifted the coat color of heterozygous viable yellow agouti ( A vy / a ) offspring toward pseudoagouti. (nih.gov)
  • For example, inbred mice carrying the agouti viable yellow (A vy ) allele show a range of coat colours associated with different DNA methylation states at the locus. (researchgate.net)
Paracrine signalin1
  • [ 14 ] The mouse agouti gene encodes a paracrine signaling molecule that signals follicular melanocytes to switch from producing black eumelanin to yellow phaeomelanin. (medscape.com)
Neuropeptide1
  • The neuropeptide kisspeptin, encoded by Kiss1 , regulates reproduction by stimulating GnRH secretion. (eneuro.org)
Polymorphism1
  • polymorphism of the mouse transcription factor-encoding gene e2a. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Obesity3
  • Moreover, this genistein-induced hypermethylation persisted into adulthood, decreasing ectopic Agouti expression and protecting offspring from obesity. (nih.gov)
  • Research from one group has provided evidence in vitro and in the aP2-agouti transgenic mouse model of diet-induced obesity for a potential role of the calcitrophic hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) in promoting adipocyte lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis, thus encouraging adipocyte lipid accumulation [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo evidence for anti-inflammatory properties of high dietary Ca was demonstrated in the aP2-agouti transgenic mouse obesity model in which increased dietary Ca was associated with reduced plasma calcitriol [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene is associated1
  • In dogs, the agouti gene is associated with various coat colors and patterns. (wikipedia.org)
Exon1
  • Isolation, cloning, and sequencing of porcine agouti exon 2 (PORAEX2) Pigment Cell Research 11:155-157, 1998. (omia.org)
Hairs1
  • Agouti (also called "Wolf Sable") dogs have red hairs with black tips, mostly on their head and back. (embarkvet.com)
Mutations1
  • Certain mutations in this gene are responsible for the mahogany mouse phenotype of dark brown or black coat on a normally agouti background. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Chromosome1
Pigmentation1
  • FUNCTION: This gene encodes a widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that plays important roles in diverse physiological processes such as regulation of hair pigmentation, monocyte-T cell interaction and control of energy homeostasis. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Regulates1
  • Moreover, we showed that RALY regulates the levels of and mRNAs, two transcripts encoding for Annexin A1 and for the linker variant of the histone Rabbit Polyclonal to ZP1 H1Times, respectively. (researchdataservice.com)
Mouse2
  • This is not a complete list of mouse agouti alleles. (wikipedia.org)
  • cloning and sequence analysis of the gene and cdna encoding mouse spermidine/spermine n1-acetyltransferase--a gene uniquely regulated by polyamines and their analogs. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Transcription1
  • This marked phenotypic change was significantly associated with increased methylation of six cytosine-guanine sites in a retrotransposon upstream of the transcription start site of the Agouti gene. (nih.gov)
Complex1
  • A different manual had secondly marketed on a not refreshing badly encoded for complex lipoprotein interface in the Montney production. (philios.de)
Single1
  • The cause is a single letter "typo" in the gene encoding oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. (nih.gov)
FUNCTION1
  • NAPEPLD encodes for an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, which seems to be involved in myelin homeostasis, CNS development and to have a neuroprotective function. (labogen.com)
Dark1
  • Agouti A looks like AW but the belly is dark like the back. (wikipedia.org)